American Civil War. Biographies

275 Pages·2000·5.638 MB·English

by  Kevin Hillstrom, Laurie Collier Hillstrom, Lawrence W. Baker

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American
Civil War
Biographies
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Volume 2: L–Z
American
Civil War
Biographies
Kevin Hillstrom
and
Laurie Collier
Hillstrom
Lawrence W. Baker, Editor
Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page iv
s Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom
e
hi Staff
p Lawrence W. Baker, U•X•L Senior Editor
Carol DeKane Nagel, U•X•L Managing Editor
a
Tom Romig, U•X•L Publisher
r
g
Rita Wimberley, Senior Buyer
o Evi Seoud, Assistant Production Manager
i Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager
B
Mary Beth Trimper, Production Director

: Michelle DiMercurio, Art Director
r
a Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager
W
Shalice Shah-Caldwell, Permissions Specialist
Pamela Reed, Imaging Coordinator

l Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Cataloger
i
v Robert Duncan, Senior Imaging Specialist
i Michael Logusz, Imaging Specialist
C
Randy A. Bassett, Image Database Supervisor
Barbara J. Yarrow, Imaging and Multimedia Content Manager
n
a Marco Di Vita, Graphix Group, Typesetting
c
i
r Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
e
Hillstrom, Kevin, 1963–
m
American Civil War. Biographies / Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier
Hillstrom ; Lawrence W. Baker, editor.
A
p. cm.
ISBN 0-7876-3820-X — ISBN 0-7876-3821-8 (v. 1) — ISBN 0-7876-3822-6 (v. 2)
1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Biography. 2. United
States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Biography—Miscellanea. I. Hillstrom,
Laurie Collier, 1965– II. Baker, Lawrence W. III. Title.
E467.H656 1999
973.7’092’2—dc21
[B]
99-046920
This publication is a creative work copyrighted by U•X•L and fully protected by all
applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair compe-
tition, and other applicable laws. The author and editors of this work have added
value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following:
unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classifica-
tion of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Cover photographs of John Wilkes Booth and Jefferson Davis are reproduced cour-
tesy of the National Archives and Records Administration; Sojourner Truth, cour-
tesy of the Library of Congress; and Martin R. Delany, reproduced by permission
of Archive Photos, Inc.
Copyright © 2000
U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group
27500 Drake Road
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535
All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any
form.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page v
Contents
Advisory Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Reader’s Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
American Civil War Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Volume 1
Clara Barton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Pierre G. T. Beauregard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Ambrose Bierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
John Wilkes Booth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Belle Boyd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Mathew Brady . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Braxton Bragg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
John Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Ambrose Burnside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Joshua L. Chamberlain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Mary Boykin Chesnut . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Pauline Cushman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Jefferson Davis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Martin R. Delany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
v
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Frederick Douglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Emma Edmonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
David G. Farragut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Nathan Bedford Forrest . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
John C. Frémont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Josiah Gorgas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Ulysses S. Grant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Horace Greeley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Rose O’Neal Greenhow . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Winfield Scott Hancock . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Winslow Homer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
John Bell Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Julia Ward Howe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. . . . . . . . . . 219
Andrew Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Joseph E. Johnston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxix
Volume 2
Robert E. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Abraham Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Mary Todd Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
James Longstreet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Thaddeus Lowe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
George B. McClellan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
George G. Meade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
John Singleton Mosby. . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Thomas Nast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Edward A. Pollard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Dred Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Winfield Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
William Henry Seward. . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Robert Gould Shaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Philip H. Sheridan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
William T. Sherman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Robert Smalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Alexander H. Stephens . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Thaddeus Stevens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Harriet Beecher Stowe. . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
vi American Civil War: Biographies
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Jeb Stuart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Charles Sumner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
George Henry Thomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Sally L. Tompkins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Sojourner Truth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Harriet Tubman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Clement L. Vallandigham . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Elizabeth Van Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Theodore Dwight Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Henry Wirz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxix
Contents vii
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Advisory Board
Special thanks are due to U•X•L’s Civil War Reference Li-
brary advisors for their invaluable comments and sugges-
tions:
• Deborah Hammer, Former Librarian, Queens Borough
Public Library, Jamaica, New York
• Ann Marie LaPrise, Librarian, Detroit Public Library, Elm-
wood Park Branch, Detroit, Michigan
• Susan Richards, Media Specialist, Northwest Junior High
School, Coralville, Iowa
viii
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Reader’s Guide
American Civil War: Biographies presents biographies of
sixty men and women who participated in or were affect-
ed by the Civil War. These two volumes profile a diverse mix
of personalities from both the North and the South, includ-
ing military leaders, politicians, abolitionists, artists, spies,
and escaped slaves. Detailed biographies of major Civil War
figures (such as Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S.
Grant, Frederick Douglass, Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson)
are included. But American Civil War: Biographiesalso provides
biographical information on lesser-known but nonetheless
important and fascinating men and women of that era. Ex-
amples include Thaddeus Lowe, the daring commander of the
Union’s manned balloon corps; Mathew Brady, the famed
Civil War photographer; and Rose O’Neal Greenhow, a Con-
federate spy who drowned during an attempt to smuggle gold
into the South in the hoops of her dress.
American Civil War: Biographies also features sidebars
containing interesting facts, excerpts from diaries and speech-
es, and short biographies of people who are in some way con-
nected with the leading figures of the era. Within each full-
ix
Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page x
length biography, boldfaced cross-references direct readers to
other individuals profiled in the two-volume set. Finally, each
volume includes photographs and illustrations, an “American
Civil War Timeline” that lists significant dates and events of
the Civil War era, and a cumulative subject index.
American Civil War Reference Library
American Civil War: Biographies is only one compo-
nent of a three-part American Civil War Reference Library.
The other two titles in this multivolume set are:
• American Civil War: Almanac: This work presents a com-
prehensive overview of the Civil War. The volume’s four-
teen chapters cover all aspects of the conflict, from the
prewar issues and events that divided the nation to the
war itself—an epic struggle from 1861 to 1865 that
changed the political and social landscape of America for-
ever. The chapters are arranged chronologically and ex-
plore such topics as the events leading up to the war,
slavery, Europe’s view of the war, the secession of South-
ern states, various Civil War battles, and Reconstruction.
Also included are two chapters that cover two unique
groups during the Civil War: women and blacks. The Al-
manacalso contains over ninety photographs and maps,
“Words to Know” and “People to Know” sections, a time-
line, and an index.
• American Civil War: Primary Sources: This title presents
fourteen full or excerpted speeches and written works
from the Civil War. The volume includes an excerpt from
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, President Abra-
ham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and Gettys-
burg Address, and the letters between Union general
William T. Sherman and Atlanta, Georgia, city leaders.
Each entry includes an introduction, things to remember
while reading the excerpt, information on what happened
after the work was published or event took place, and
other interesting facts. Photographs, source information,
and an index supplement the work.
• A cumulative index of all three titles in the American
Civil War Reference Library is also available.
x American Civil War: Biographies
Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page xi
Acknowledgments
The authors extend thanks to Larry Baker and Tom
Romig at U•X•L for their assistance throughout the produc-
tion of this series. Thanks, too, to Christine Alexanian for her
quick and thorough copyediting and Amy Marcaccio Keyzer
for lending her considerable editorial talents in the form of
proofreading. The editor wishes to thank Marco Di Vita at
Graphix Group for always working with common sense, flex-
ibility, speed, and, above all, quality. Admiration, love, and a
warm hug go to Beth Baker for her year of bravery. And, final-
ly, a very special hello goes to Charlie and Dane, whose deci-
sion to move up their pub date made the Summer of ’99 so
very interesting.
Comments and suggestions
We welcome your comments on American Civil War:
Biographiesand suggestions for other topics in history to con-
sider. Please write: Editors, American Civil War: Biographies,
U•X•L, 27500 Drake Rd., Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331-
3535; call toll-free: 800-877-4253; fax to 248-414-5043; or
send e-mail via http://www.galegroup.com.
Reader’s Guide xi