American Anthropology, 1921-1945: Papers from the "American Anthropologist" PDF
Preview American Anthropology, 1921-1945: Papers from the "American Anthropologist"
american anthropology, 1921–1945 American Anthropology 1921–1945 Papers from the American Anthropologist edited and with an introduction by george w. stocking jr. university of nebraska press lincoln and london ∫ 1976 by the American Anthropological Association The introduction, ‘‘Ideas and Institutions in American Anthropology: Thoughts toward a History of the Interwar Years,’’ copyright ∫ 1976 by George W. Stocking Jr., was published in The Ethnographer’s Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), and is reproduced here by permission of the author and the University of Wisconsin Press. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America ! Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American anthropology, 1921–1945 : papers from the American anthropologist / edited and with an introduction by George W. Stocking, Jr. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. isbn 0-8032-9296-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Anthropology. I. Stocking, George W., 1928– II. American anthropologist. gn29 .a4223 2002 301—dc21 2002022325 Contents Preface ix introduction: thoughts toward a history of the interwar years 1 George W. Stocking Jr. I. The Twenties 75 american culture and the northwest coast 77 A. L. Kroeber review of a. r. brown, the andaman islanders 94 Robert H. Lowie diffusion as a criterion of age 98 Wilson D. Wallis miwok lineages and the political unit in aboriginal california 107 Edward Winslow Gifford the origin of the skidi pawnee sacrifice to the morning star 118 Ralph Linton review of franz boas, primitive art 127 A. L. Kroeber review of roland b. dixon, the building of cultures 130 Leslie Spier problems arising from the cultural position of the havasupai 135 Leslie Spier II. Innovations 147 review of robert redfield, tepoztlan 149 A. L. Kroeber configurations of culture in north america 151 Ruth Benedict the science of culture 180 George Peter Murdock contents vi more comprehensive field methods 198 Margaret Mead culture changes in yucatan 214 Robert Redfield some empirical aspects of northern salteaux religion 228 A. I. Hallowell kinship terminologies in california 245 A. R. Radcliffe-Brown kinship and history 252 A. L. Kroeber memorandum for the study of acculturation 257 Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville J. Herskovits historical changes in the choctaw kinship system 263 Fred Eggan review of fred eggan (ed.), social organization of north american tribes 284 Julian H. Steward III. Sub-Disciplines 289 the plains culture area in the light of archaeology 291 W. D. Strong an outline of the problem of man’s antiquity in north america 309 Edgar B. Howard the comparative linguistics of uto-aztecan 331 B. L. Whorf internal linguistic evidence suggestive of the northern origin of the navaho 341 Edward Sapir on being unhistorical 354 C. F. Voegelin a method for phonetic accuracy and speed 363 Morris Swadesh blood group determinations of prehistoric american indians 370 Leland C. Wyman and William C. Boyd fossil man and the origin of races 381 W. W. Howells IV. Reconsiderations 395 review of robert h. lowie, the crow indians 397 Clark Wissler contents vii the dual organizations of the ramko’kamekra (canella) of northern brazil 401 Curt Nimuendajú and Robert H. Lowie linguistic distributions and political groups of the great basin shoshoneans 421 Julian H. Steward a problem in kinship terminology 433 Leslie A. White review of abram kardiner, the individual and his society 442 Scudder Mekeel some comments on the study of cultural contact 448 Melville J. Herskovits acquired drives in culture contact 459 John Gillin covert culture and administrative problems 470 Clyde Kluckhohn on the concept of culture and some cultural fallacies 488 David Bidney socialization, personality, and the structure of pueblo society (with particular reference to hopi and zuni) 505 Esther S. Goldfrank V. Applications 537 american anthropological association resolution on racial theories 539 applied anthropology and its relationship to anthropology 540 John F. Embree Preface When I began active work on this anthology I did not plan such an extensive introductory essay. I had not done systematic work on much of the interwar period, and I felt that all I could attempt in the time available would be a briefer overview based on existing sources. Although still based on such sources, and on my own previous work in other contexts, the present essay ended up rather more ambitious than originally in- tended. Even so, it is still frankly an overview, and subject to all the defects of that form. There are surely topics and people barely men- tioned or totally omitted that might be better treated in a different or larger framework. To those disturbed by such neglect I apologize, ap- pealing to the tentativeness of my title. I would like to feel that the essay will be of some moderately enduring value, but I am sure that more detailed research would force modifications in the argument—the more so since the pressure of time did not allow me to take full advantage of collegial criticism. Even so, I have accumulated many debts. In addition to the people mentioned below in the two notes on sources and selection who generously offered me advice or provided me with materials— several of whom did in fact comment on the completed manuscript—I would like to thank a number of others unmentioned elsewhere. Barry Karl was very helpful in orienting me bibliographically. Harry Basehart, Bill Fenton, Al Lesser and Leonard Outhwaite provided information on specific points. In a more general way, I have profited greatly from the memories of Fred Eggan and Sol Tax. Robert Murphy, the editor of the subsequent volume in this set, was very cooperative—consulting where necessary, but generally sharing my laissez-faire attitude toward our parallel, but distinct, enterprises. Edward Lehman was helpful on the technical aspects of compiling the anthology, and even more so by recog- nizing the importance of purely scholarly criteria in a period when they
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