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America and the Sea: A Maritime History PDF

704 Pages·1998·145.763 MB·English
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3 11 AMERia ANDTHESEA: i i '^^^. BY BENJAMIN W. LABAREE, WILLIAM M. FOWLER, JR., JOHN HATTENDORF, JEFFREY SAFFORD, B. J. W W EDWARD ANDREW GERMAN SLOAN, and ^.-^m. AMERICA AND THE SEA: A MARITIME HISTORY Americaam)theSea:AAfarilmieNuita/yisthemostcompreher:.;vc maritimehistoryofthe UnitedStatesavailabletoday. Spanning the centuriesFrom NativeAmericanandVikingmaritimeactivities beloreColumbusthroughtoda\''smaritimeenterprise,thetext providesanewhistoryofthe U.S.fromthefundamental perspectiveoftheseathatsurroundsit,andtheriversandlakes thatlinkitsvastinteriortotheseacoast. Itisastorythataffectsus all,ofteninsurpnsmgways,astorythatexplainsmuchaboutthe nationanditspeopletoday. Exploredinseventeenchapters, herearetheemergingcoloniesot Europe,whoseeconomieswereboundtotheseainthemaritime relationshipsoltheAtlanticworld;therevolutionarvperiodthat lorgedanewnationwithaseparateidentitv'stronglyinfluencedby theseabarrierthatisolatedit;theperiodofadventuroustradeand warasthenewnationreachedouttoestablishcommercewiththe worldandclaimrespectonthehighseas;the"GoldenAge,"when U.S. maritimeendea\orsflourishedontheoceansand theinland waterways, immigrantsflockedbyseatothegrowingnation,and clippershipsdefinedAmerica'smaritimeprowess;theCivilWar, whichredefinedthenation,expandedtheroleofthe U.S.Navy, andmarkedachangeinAmerica'smaritimefortunesfor generationstocome;thefollowinghall-centuryofchange,when thenation'smerchantmarinestruggleddespitethrivinginternal waterbornecommerce,theU.S. Nay)'enteredthemodernage,and recreationbroughtanewAmericanlocustothesea;theturbulent periodofWorldWarIandtheGreatDepression,whenmaritime affairsreachedboth heightsanddepths;theSecondWorldWar, whenthenationcarriedonatwo-oceanconflict, intheprocess buildingthelargestnavyandmerchantmarinetheworldhadyet seen;andthelasthalfofthetwentiethcentury, duringwhichthe U.S. Na\yhasmaintainedthenation'sposition asaworldpoweratsea,andmaritimerecreationhaspervaded Americansociety,whilethemerchantmarineandfisherieshave experiencedprecipitousdeclines,andalltheworldsmaritime nationshavestruggledtoredefinetheirhistoricrelationshipswith theseaforthecentutytocome. Americaanc)theSeaisgraceluUywrittenbysixprominentscholars intheheld,whoseindividualareasofhistoricalresearchand teachingrangefromlabortotechnology', fisheries,andthe U.S. Navy. Informedbytheirlongexperienceteachingtogetherinthe Munson InstituteatMysticSeaport,theyincorporate considerationsofart,literature,andpoetryalongwiththeir discussionsoftheeconomic,political,diplomatic,andtechnological foundationsofAmerican maritimehistory.Theirnarrative treatmentispunctuatedandaugmentedwithquotationsfrom perioddocumentsandparticularlywithbriefessaysbysomenoted youngscholarsthataddinsightandexpandonthehuman dimensionsofAmerica'srelationshipwiththesea. Therich,complexstoryofAmericaand theseaisillustratedhere with55colorimages, manyofthem paintingsfrommuseums aroundtheworld;with290archivalphotographsanddrawingsin blackandwhite;andwith 10full-colormaps.Mystic Seaport gratefullyacknowledgesthe HenryLuce Foundationasprovider olthefinancial supporttomakethispublicationpossible. Jacketillustrations Front:detail fromaviewofNewYork Harbor,attributedto Thomas Birch,ca. 1830. (M.S.M.65.55, MaryAnneStetsphoto) Back:stern viewofthe USSOregon, 1898,photobyJ.S.Johnston. (M.S.M. 58.1175) CIVICCENTBl j% // j I America and the Sea: A History iVLaritime XV The American Marltune Llbraiy: Volume '4 \ America and the Sea: A History JVLaritime By Benjamin W. Labare e^ WiUiam M. Fowler, Jr., Edward W. Sloan, John B. Hattendorf, Jeffrey J. Safford, andAndrew W. German I Mystic Seaport Mystic, Connecticut 1998 THE MUSEUM AMERICA AND THE SEA Mystic Seaport Museum, Inc., Mystic, CT 06355-0990 © 1998 by Mystic Seaport Museum, Inc. All rights reserved First edition PrintedinHongKong Cataloging-in-Publication Data America and the sea : a maritime history/by Benjamin W. Labaree ... [et al.]. - 1st ed. - Mystic, Conn. : Mystic Seaport Museum, 1998. p. : ilL, maps ; cm. — (American maritime hbrary ; v. 15) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. United States - History. 2. United States - History, Naval. 3. United States - Commerce - History. 4. Merchant marine - United States - History. I. Labaree, Benjamin Woods, 1927- E183.9.A43 ISBN 0-913372-81-1 Maps © Dennis O'Brien and Mystic Seaport Museum, Inc. Book and jacket design by Trish Sinsigalh LaPointe, Old Mystic, Connecticut Quotations from "Once by the Pacific " and "Neither Far Out Nor in Deep," by Robert Frost, from: ThePoetiyofRohertFrc\tt, edited by Edward Connery Lathem, Copyright 1936, 1956 by Robert Frost, Cop3'right 1928, 1969 by Henry Hoh and Company Inc., 1964 by Leslie Frost Ballantine. Reprinted by permission of Henry Holt and Company, Inc. Excerpt from "The Dry Salvages' in FourOuarteLi, copyright 1943 by T.S. Eliot and renewed 1971 by Esme Valerie Eliot, reprinted by permission ol Harcourt Brace & Company. Excerpts Irom TheFAhjeoftheSea by Rachel Carson. Copyright 1955 by Rachel Carson, renewed 1983 by Roger Christie. Reprinted by permission ol Houghton Milfiin Company. All rights reserved. Mystic Seaport gratelully acknowledges the Heniy Luce Foundation as provider ol the financial support to make this publication possible. Illustrations credited to M.S.M. are in the collections ol Mystic Seaport. Title-page illustration: The USS Coniu'duul at full speed, 1906. Photograph by Enrique Mullen (M.S.M. 59.1275) In Memory ofJeriyMorr'u Librarian, Pubi'uher, Friend, andInspirationfor Th'u Volunu

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