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America : A Narrative History PDF

892 Pages·2016·123.896 MB·English
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AMERICA 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 1 10/28/15 1:37 AM Puget Sound C A N Seattle WASHINGTON E Olympia G Spokane R N Portland A O Missouri R.G NORTH Salem R Columbia R. Helena MONTANA DAKOTA Eugene E C BismRarck Fargo D Billings A OREGON IDAHO K C E Boise SOUTH DAKOTA CAS Snake R. YWYOMING BHlailclsk A Pierre Sioux Falls Casper GrSeaaltt M T CALIFORNIA Lake Reno Sacramento Carson City Salt O Cheyenne NE BRASKA Lake SI NEVADA City Lincoln San FrancSani Jsoaqucin VoalleyERRA NEVADADeath ValleVyegLaassMLaekaedGrand CanyUonTAH JCouloGnracrdato inoR.dn UCNOTDLeOnRveArDCSOporloiAnrrgaksadnosas R. PLKAAWNicShAitaS Mojave Desert A Los Angeles Santa Fe OKLAHOMA Albuquerque I ARIZONA I Oklahoma San Diego Phoenix NEW MEXICO City N N PACIFIC OCEAN Tucson S S Dallas Ft. Worth NPiiAhaCuIFHIoKCnauoaluilu LOaanhauiMolokaMHiaAuWi AII El PRioa sGroan Pecos R. CoTloErXadAoS R. Brazos R. OCEAN Kahoolawe de Austin 0 50 100 Miles Hilo San Antonio N Hawaii u 0 50 100 Kilometers ec es R. Corpus Christi RUSSIA BEAUFORT SEA Bering Brownsville Strait Brooks Range M E X I C O Fairbanks ALASKA CANADA BERING Anchorage SEA Ale Juneau utian Island s KIsoladnGidauklf of Alaska 0 250 500 Miles PACIFIC OCEAN 0 250 500 Kilometers 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 2 10/28/15 1:37 AM A D A wrence R. L a k e Superior St. La MAINE Duluth Sault Ste. Marie MINNESOTA M IC Lak MAdoirnotnpdealciekrVIT N S PAourtglaunsdta MOMisisnomunrIiOe aRahW.paoAlisRCDMaeeipSssdsitids .asM sipPrpWi oRa.iunISleMCsMaOIidlLwCNGiLshaSrIoBiueNScnIkeaNapOenygreIionSg(cid:31)Mi eckhaiLgeanIGlNdLaaDHrnyIsAIiInNnGgdADAiaeNntCaropleieotv HleOiusrolnaHnPCLIdiOotatlksubem uWEbrrguiEhseSLTPaHkEeaB NrOurB Ni fnsfa WatbS laMt luoriYi milrom DgL oYViNnrAMeOgMEWNtORoWoIuaKnUAAnstnhaNniNinnHudsoDnaPT sRgJ.pohTtAAoovirlCleaelbnNiMnsdr,aTe teNnDoADwNlypnH.HE CehLYaowi.oCrantr fogkHoP nBIrasrcdlovoaoenvsrdnitddCoReanpnIec Ceod Kansas Cincinnati Ohio R. VIRGINIA N TopeCkaity St. Louis Frankfort Charleston A Richmond Jefferson Louisville Lexington HI VIRGINIA Norfolk City KENTUCKY C MISSOURI A Raleigh Nashville Knoxville A L NORTH CAROLINA CHaaptteeras Tulsa TENNESSEE P Charlotte Chattanooga P Greenville Memphis A Wilmington Red R.ARLRoitKctlekANSASMississippi R. TenAneLsAseBeB ARir.MmAinghaAGmtlaEnOtaRSGavIaAnnahC R.ASROCOUoLlTuIHmNCbAhiaarleston ATOLCAENATNIC Sabine R. ShrVevicekpsobrutrg Jackson Montgomery Savannah Okefenokee MISSISSIPPI Swamp Jacksonville Trinit Baton Rouge Mobile Pensacola Tallahassee St. Augustine Hy oR.ustonLOUISIANA New Orleans FOLrlOanRdIoDA Cape Canaveral Galveston Tampa Lake St. Petersburg Okeechobee The Fort Lauderdale BAHAMAS Everglades Miami GULF OF MEXICO Key West Florida Keys 0 50 100 Miles 0 50 100 Kilometers BRITISH CUBA ATLANTIC OCEAN VIRGIN ISLANDS San Juan St. Thomas PUERTO RICO U.S.St. John Ponce VIRGIN ISLANDS St. Croix 0 100 200 Miles CARIBBEAN SEA 0 100 200 Kilometers 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 3 10/28/15 1:37 AM 160°W 140°W 120°W 100°W 80°W 60°W 40°W 20°W 0° 80°N Ellesmere Island Greenland Bering Strait BeSaueafort VIsiclatonrdia IBslaafnfidn BBaaffiynNuuk (G(DoeRdnet.h)yåkjba)víkIACErcLtAicN DCircle AleuBtSeiareinan6 gI0s(°lQaNunedesn CHhaaidrlGAoa tluGatelsfw kIosaaf.i)i CANADA HuBdasyon LabSreaador IRKEINLUAGNNDIDTLOEoMDndon Ottawa FRANCE 40°N Washington, D.C. Azores PORTUGAL SPAIN UNITED STATES (Port.) Bermuda ATLANTIC Rabat (U.K.) MOROCCO Canary Islands 20°N Tropic of Cancer MexMicEoX CICityO MHGaeuvxlafi cnooaf CUBBAAHAJMAMHAADSAIOITCMIAINSICT.A KNOI TRTESPC AUNBDELI CNEAVISNWeste(rMn oSM(rSaohApcac.U)roa)RITANIA BELIZE Caribbean Sea ADNOTIMGIUNAIC AAND BARBUDACAPE SENEGAL MALI GUATEMALA ST. LUCIA BARBADOS VERDE EL SALVADOR GRENADA GAMBIA 0° Equator GaHláNIOspINClaaCDAngORUdoSARssTGAAUS RAPIACNQAAuMitoACOLOVBMECoBNgaIEAorZatUácaEsLATRINGIDUAYSDAUF NArReANInNDcA hTM OGEBuiAaGnaO (GFrU.)ISNIEEAR-RBGACIBUS ÔLUISNLTERAIEEOBKUA ENDINRE'IAIVA OFAIRSEO Phoenix (Ecuador) ECUADOR GHANA Islands Marquesas PACIFIC SAApMiaOA I(sFlra.)nds OCEAN LimPaERU BOLLaI VPIAazBRAZILBrasília 20N°uTSOkuN‘GaAlofaCo(oNk.Z Is.)lands TahFP(Firotre.il)nyncehsia P(Uit.cKa.)irn IslandTsrE(oCaphsicitlee or) fI sClaanpdricorn CHILE SPuAcRrAeGAUsuAYnciónSão PauloATLANTIC Santiago URUGUAY OCEAN Buenos Aires Montevideo an 40°S ARGENTINA eridi M e 0 1,000 2,000 Miles FIsalalknladnsd (U.K.) SGoeuotrhgia Prim 0 1,000 2,000 Kilometers Scotia Sea (U.K.) Shetland 0 200 400 Miles I(Us.lKa.)ndsN ORWAY Gouflf FINLAND 0 200 400 Kilometers Bothnia Oslo Helsinki NoIrrethlaenrdn BSceolfatlsatnd NSoerath SStoWckEhDolmEN Sea ESTOTNaIlAlin n St. PetersRbUurgS SIAN IRELDAuNblDin KUINNGITDEODM CopeDnEhNaMgeAnRK Baltic LATVRIAig a FEDERMAosTcIoOwN CSeeltaicWalesEngland NETHERLANDS KaliningRraUdSLSIIAT HUANViIlAni use per R. ATLANTIC EngLlioshn Cdhaonnnel BrusselsAGmEstRerMdBaeAmrliN nY WPaOrsLaAwND MBinEsLk ARDniUS BELGIUM Luxembourg OCEAN Paris Prague Kiev PORLTiUsbGoAnSL APnAdIoNMrrBBa aia sdylca rao iydfVBealAlarNcDeFlOoRRnRAaA MSN WOCCVINTAB(oFEAZRrTeAsLCE INirUCLcRCOnaIEXAEL )MENACM NAHVCRDBTeISSTIEOInNALYTLNiUOcONjSAuReVATbGELUElRAN jVdaIYSrNiIoainAetT i CmcanC RR ZS OneeAEIaTaA ICABH ZHHMOEa UORSRgB.NNESZ r&PLeT.rGSaOS..baAKtBEV irOsRRAauBlSBaKjYdRee.vIIa SvAAlagOpo kD re aoaMnsSpduBtUbjeo AeUe fiK LNaRG. 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N K gNIG.Ao)EL PGASLADBaKABRLEerNau IcnMSyaKi gBHaoSlOBAaaMfaIl HNNS(TLYBnUGHCGuuAUgTCAOmmNRAkHAIMAoMPLLapJNIkIMAOAAtNaABu)rNRRkBraLeADaAEOijPrOiVMnDtSIyaE gIAIHoTNJANLnSaaADMAJo gvnuaYOtyaovhS aBiaNCNIhni RAnSaE. gSea PUSeKSHa.NOS IKIAETLhRTCSSOaIAIaEeePMiTeRInpalAWPeIoEageMbIPuAnANhiheOlDiiNalElsiapRiípSlJiineA SNePAaMToAIorsaarNPk(lftSUraAuyhienaorL.eaaSndArn.aGsUP)NUAFEIPG(NUEWPUuOEPD.OASaAFoEAm. rR)MtC AIMCCTRoEEDrO4eI NN0sSISSFAbAEO°T.NyUSALMIIRTONAAEUCMRSTI2OKSSU0IHN.RV°AAINBLLAL0UT°I ANGOLAZAMBIA LESTE Lusaka MHOZarAaMreBIQUEAnMtaAnDaAnGaAriSvoCAR Coral VSAeNaUATU FIJI NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE MAURITIUS 20°S WinBdlhooeGemkafobBnotOreoTinnSeWANPAreStWoAriaZILAND RIéNuniDon (IFAr.) N OCEAN AUSTRALIA CaledNo(Fnerwi.a) LESOTHO North SOUTH Island Cape Town AFRICA Great Canberra NEW Australian ZEALAND Bight Tasman 40°S SeaWellington Tasmania South Island 60°S Antarctic Circle 0 500 1,000 Miles ANTARCTICA 0 500 1,000 Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION ASIA Moscow EUROPE ga R. UKKieRvAINE Vol Astana Irtysh R. KAZAKHSTAN Caspian Lake Sea Balkhash Black Sea UZBEKISTAN Bishkek GEORGIA Tbilisi KYRGYZSTAN ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN Tashkent TAUnRkaKraEYYerevan BakuTURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN Nicosia Ashgabat Dushanbe CYPRUS SYRIA Tehran CHINA Beirut Kabul LISEBRAANEOLN ADmammaasncuIsRABQaghdad IRAN AFGHANISTANus R. Islamabad Jerusalem Persian d EGYCPaTiroJORDANKUWAIT KuwGauitl fCity PAKISTAInN New Delhi NEPAL BHUTAN BAHRAIN MaDnoahmaa Kathmandu Thimphu Red S RiyadhQATAR U.A.EA.bu DhMaubsicat INDIA GangesD Rh.aka AFRICAea SAUDI ARABIA OMAN Arabian Sea BANGLADESH 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 5 10/28/15 1:37 AM 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 6 10/28/15 1:37 AM brief tenth edition volume 2 • A M E R I C A A Narrative History David Emory Shi George Brown Tindall n W. W. NORTON & COMPANY, INC. New York • London 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 7 10/28/15 1:37 AM W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton and Mary D. Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The firm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By midcentury, the two major pillars of Norton’s publishing program—trade books and college texts—were firmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton family transferred control of the company to its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, col­ lege, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton & Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees. Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, 1999, 1996, 1992, 1988, 1984 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Editor: Jon Durbin Associate Editors: Justin Cahill and Scott Sugarman Project Editors: Melissa Atkin and Linda Feldman Editorial Assistant: Travis Carr Managing Editor, College: Marian Johnson Managing Editor, College Digital Media: Kim Yi Production Manager: Ashley Horna Media Editor: Laura Wilk Media Project Editor: Penelope Lin Media Editorial Assistant: Chris Hillyer Marketing Manager, History: Sarah England Design Director: Hope Goodell­Miller Photo Editor: Stephanie Romeo Permissions Manager: Megan Jackson Composition: Jouve North America Manufacturing: Quad Graphics Taunton Permission to use copyrighted material is included on page A151. The Library of Congress has cataloged the full edition as follows: Shi, David E. Tindall, George Brown. America: a narrative history / David Emory Shi, George Brown Tindall. Tenth edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2016. Includes index. LCCN 2015036484 ISBN 9780393265934 (hardcover) LCSH: United States—History—Textbooks. LCC E178.1 .T55 2017 DDC 973—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015036484 This edition: 9780393265989 (pbk.) W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110­0017 wwnorton.com W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 8 10/28/15 1:37 AM FOR MY WIFE, ANGELA HALFACRE SHI 213004_00_i-xxxiii_Vol2_r4_ma.indd 9 10/28/15 1:37 AM

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