AMCP 706-270, Propellant Actuated Devices

206 Pages·2016·12.97 MB·English

ADA 016 716
ENGINEERING DESIGN HANDBOOK
PROPELLANT ACTUATED DEVICES
ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA
SEPTEMBER 1975
Best Available Copy
REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161

*AMCP 704-270
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
6001 Etanhoww Av*., Alexandria, VA 22333
AMC PAMPHLET
NO. 706-270 30 September 1975
, ENGINEERING DESIGN HANDBOOK
PROPELLANT ACTUATED DEVICES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph , Page
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................... x
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................. xiii
PREFACE ................................................................................. xiv
' CH AFTER i. INTRODUCTION
1 -1 Purpose and Scope ................................................................... 1-1
1-2 History .......................................................................................... 1-1
1- 3 Uses.................................................................................................. 1-2
References .................................................................................‘ 1-3
CHAPTER 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPELLANT
ACTUATED DEVICES
2 - 1 General 2-1
2-2 Propellant Actuated Devices......... 2-1
2—2.1 Gas Generating Devices........................................................ 2—1
2-2.1.1 Initiators.................................................................................. 2-1
2-2.1.2 Gas Generators ............................................................. 2-2
2-2.2 Stroking Devices.................................................................... 2-2
2-2.2.1 Catapults.................................................................................. 2-3
2-2.2.1.1 Conventional Catapults................................................... 2-3
2-2.2.1.2 Rocket-assisted Catapults ................................................ 2-3
2-2.2.2 Removers ................................................................................. 2-4
2-2.2.3 Thrusters ...................... 2-5
2-2.3 Special Purpose Devices ..................................................... 2-9
2-13.1 CutteTS ............................................................................. 2-9
2-2.3.1.1 Cable Cutters........................................................................ 2-9
2-2.3.1.2 Reefing Line Cutters..................................................................... 2-10
2-2.3.1.2.1 Conventional Type ........................................................ 2-10
2-2.3.1.2.2 Settable Delay Reefing Line Cutter.......................... 2-10
'Supersedes AMCP 706-270. August 1963.
m o m m io
. TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cm'U
Paragraph Page
2—2-3-2 Releases.............................. 2-11
2-2-33 Electric Ignition Elements ............................................. 2-11
2-2.33.1 Contention*! Type ......................................................... 2-11
2-233.2 Electromagnetic Impulse Generators.......................... 2-11
2-23.4 EJecton ............................................................................... 2-12
2-3 Escape Systems ..................................................................... 2-12
2-3.1 Conventional Aircraft Escape .......................................... 2-12
2-3.2 Escape System for the F-104 A and F-104C
Aircrafts ...................................................-....................... 2-13
2-33 : Capsule Escape Systems..................................................... 2-13
2-3.4 Helicopter Escape Systems............................................... 2-16
2-3.5 Emergency Escape from Commercial Aircraft.............. 2-16
2- 4 Energy Transmission in Systems........................................ 2-18
References ............................................................................. 2-18
CHAPTER 3. BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3 - 1 General Considerations ...................................................... 3-1
3—2 Motion or Time Functions ................................................. 3 -1
3-2.1 Propellant Actuated Stroking Devices............................ 3-1
3-2.2 Gas^enentting Propellant Actuated Derives................ 3-3
3-3 Load.......................................................................................... 3-4
3—4 Weight and Size .................................................................... 3-5
3-5 Environment............................................................................ 3-5
3-5.1 Temperature.......................................................................... 3-d
3-5.2 Humidity and Dust............................................................. 3-6
3-53 Vibration ...................'....................................................... 3-6
3-5.4 Shock...................................................................................... 3-6
3- 6 Heat Loss ................................................................................. 3-6
References................................................................................ 2-7
CHAPTER 4. PRELIMINARY DESIGN TECHNIQUES
4 - 0 List of Symbols .................................................................... 4-1
4-1 Introduction............................................................................ 4—2
4-1.1 General................................................................................... 4—2
4-1.2 Design Requirements........................................................... 4-2
4-2 First-order Ballistic Approximations................................. 4-2
4-2.1 General................................................................................... 4-2
4-2.2 Stroking Devices ............................................................... 4-3
4—2.2.1 Kinematic Variables ....................................................... 4—3
4-2.2.2 Maximum Pressure .......................................................... 4-4
4-2 23 Propellant Charge Weight...............................;.............. 4-5
ii
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Con'U
Paragraph . hge
4-2.14 Propellant W eb.................................................................... 4-7
4-115 Cartridge Caae Volume ..................................................... 4-7
4-12.6 Igniter Charge...................................................................... 4-8
4-2.3 Gas-generating Devices ....................................................... 4-8
4-2-3.1 Initiators............................................................................... 4-8
4-2.3.2 Gas Generators................................................................. 4-8
4-2 JJ Rockets................................................................................. 4-10
4-3 Design Strength Calculations ........................................... 4-12
4-3.1 General................................................................................... 4-12
4-3.2 Safety Factors....................................................................... 4-12
4-3.3 Temperature Effects............................................................ 4-12
4-3.4 Stresses.................................................................................... 4-12
4—3 Y. Distortion-energy Theory ............................................... 4-13
4-3.4.2 Length of Thread Engagement.............■...................... 4-13
4—4 Design Procedures ................................................................. 4-16
4—4.1 General.................................................................................... 4-16
4—4.2 Gas generating Devices ...................................................... 4-16
4-4.3 Stroking Devices.................................................................. 4-17
4—4.4 Systems................................................................................... 4-18
4-5 Component Design ................................................................. 4-18
4—5.1 Cartridge .............................................................................. 4-18
4-5.1.1 Cartridge Cases.................................................................. 4-19
4-5.1.2 Cartridge Head .................................................................. 4-20
4-S.1.3 Primers ................................................................................. 4-20
4—5.1.4 Cartridge Seals.................................................................... 4-20
4-5.2 Body and Chamber............................................................. 4-21
4-5.11 Gas generating Devices ................................................... 4-21
4-5.2.2 Stroking Devices................................................................ 4-22
4—5.2.3 Piston ................................................................................... 4—22
4-5.4 Firing Mechanisms................................................................ 4-23
4—5.4.1 General................................................................................. 4-23
4-5.4.1.I Firing Pins........................................................................ 4—23
4-5.4.1.2 Firing Plugs...................................................................... 4-23
4-5.4.1J Firing Pin Guides............................................................ 4-24
4-S.4.2 Gas-operated Firing Mechanisms................................... 4-24
4-S.4.3 Mechanically Operated Firing Mechanisms.................. 4-25
4-5.5 Locking Mechanisms........................................................... 4-26
4-5.6 Seals ......................................................................... 4-27
4—6 Special Problems..................................................................... 4-29
4-6.1 General................................................................................... 4-29
4-6.2 Shear Pins............................................................................... 4-29
4-6.3 Damping Systems............................................................. 4-29
4—6.4 High-Low System.............................................................. 4—31
TABLE OP CONTENTS (Can’t)
Paragraph Page
4—6.5 Protective Coatings.............................................................. 4-32
4— 6.6 Dissimilar Metals.................................................................. 4-32
References............................................................................... 4-33
CHAPTER 5. INTERIOR BALLISTIC ANALYSIS
5- 0 List of Symbols ..................................................................... 5-1
5-1 Introduction ......................................................................... 5-2
5-2 Basic Equations ....................................... 5-2
5-2.1 Propellant Burning Rate .................................................... 5-2
5-2.2 Propellant Surface Development..................................... 5—4
5-2.3 Gas Production..................................................................... 5-6
5—2.4 Gas Pressure ......................................................................... 5—7
5-2.5 Free Volume.......................................................................... 5—7
5-2.6 Gas Discharge Through an Orifice................................... 5-7
5-2.7 Equations of Motion........................................................... 5-8
5-2.8 Energy Balance (Gas Temperature)................................... 5-8
5-3 Stroking Devices.................................................................... 5-9
5-3.1 Direct Stroking Device ....................................................... 5-9
5-3.2 High-Low Stroking Device.................................................. 5-13
5-4 Gas-generating Devices........................................................... 5-16
5-5 Grain Design............................................................................ 5-18
5- 6 Dynamic Response Index ..................................................... 5-19
' References................................................................................. 5-23
CHAPTER 6. DESIGN EXAMPLES
6- 0 List of Symbols........................................................................ 6-1
6-1 General...................................................................................... 6-2
6-1.1 Purpose.................................................................................... 6-2
6-1.2 Scope ...................................................................................... 6-2
6-2 M38 Catapult .......................................................................... 6-2
6-2.1 General................................................................................... 6-2
6-2.2 Design Requirements............................................................ 6-2
6-2.3 First-order Approximations ............................................. 6-3
6-2.3.1 Stroke Length .................................................................. 6—3
6-2.3.2 Stroke Time......................................................................... 6-3
6-2.3.3 Ptak Pressure .................................................................... 6-3
6-2.3.4 Propellant Charge Weight................................................. 6-3
6— 2.3.5 Grain Geometry ....................................................... 6—4
6-2.4 Component Arrangement .................................................. 6—4
6-2.5 Component Design .............................................................. 6-7
6-2.5.1 Tubes ................................................................................... 6-7
AMCR 706*70
TABU OF CONTENTS (Can't)
Paragraph . Pape
6-2.5.2 Mount (Tnmnkm) ........................................................... 6-9
6-2.5 J Head..................................................................................... 6-12
6-2.5.4 Lacking Mechanism........................................................... 6-13
6 - 2.5.5 Firing Mechanism.............................................................. 6-15
6-3 M3 A3 Thruster....................................................................... 6-15
6— 3.1 General........................ 6—15
6-3.2 Design Requirement!........................................................... 6-15
6-3.3 Component Arrangement ................................................. 6—15
6-3.4 Fast-wrier Approximation* ............................................. 6-17
6-3.4.I Thruster .............................................................................. 6-17
6-3.4.2 Aston Amenably ................................................................ 6-17
6-3.4J , Propellant Charge Wdgtit................................................ 6-17
6—3.4.4 Cartridge.............................................................................. 6-18
6-3.5 Compoocnt Design ............................................................. 6-18
6—3.5.1 Body...................................................................................... 6-18
6—3.5.2 Breech................................................................................... 6-21
6-3 Trunnion......................................... 6-22
6-3.5.4 Firing Mechanism .............................................................. 6-23
6-3.5 J End Cap................................................................................. 6-23
6-3.5A End Seere and Locking Mechanism............................ 6-24
6— 3.5.7 Aston Group Assembly.................................................... 6—26
6—4 Ml 13 Initiator......................................................................... 6-28
6-4.1 General................................................................................... 6-28
6—4.2 Design Requirements........................................................... 6-28
6—4J First-order Approximations ............................................. 6-29
6—4.4 Component Arrangement .................................................. 6-30
6—4.4.1 Initiator ............................................................................... 6—30
6—4.4.2 Firing Mechanism .. i....................................................... 6—30
6-4.43 Delay Element..................................................................... 6—30
6-4.4.4 M104 Initiator..................................................................... 6-34
6—4.5 Component Design .............................................................. 6-35
6-4.5.1 Firing Pin Housing ............................................................ 6-35
6-4.5.2 Delay Element Body......................................................... 6-35
6 - 4.53 Initiator (Ml04) Bodies..................................................... 6-36
CHAPTER 7. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
7 - 1 Test Procedures ..................................................................... 7-1
7-1.1 General................................................................................... 7-1
7-1.2 Development Evaluation Program.................................. 7-1
7-1.2.1 General................................................................................. 7-1
7 -1.2.2 Workhorse Modd Evaluation........................................... ' -1
7—1.2J Prototype Evduabon......................................................... 7-2
7-1.2.3.1 General............................................................................. 7-2
v
AM97M-270
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Crn't)
Paragraph fcge
7-1.2.3.2 Structural Evaluation Program .................................... 7-2
7-I.2J.2.I General............................................................................. 7-2
7-1.2.3.2.2 Vibration........................................................................... 7-2
7-1.2.3.2.3 Drop Tests.................................................................... 7-2
7-1.2.3.2.4 Wall Strength......................................................................‘ 7-2
7-1.2.3.2.5 No-load Requirements ............................................... 7-2
7-1.2.3.2.6 Failures...................... 7-3
7-1.2.3.3 Performance ................................................................... 7-3
7-1.2.3.3.1 General............................................................................. 7-3
7-1.2.3.3.2 Performance Requirements........................................ 7-3
7—1.2.3.3.3 No Load and Locked Shut ........................................ 7-3
7-I.2-3.3.4 Environmental Performance..................................... 7-3
7-1.2.3.3.5 Failures............................................................................ 7-3
7-1.3 Engineering Design Tests .................................................. 7-3
7-2 Instrumentation ..................................................................... 7-3
7-2.1 General................................................................................... 7-3
7-2.1.1 Measurement Objectives ............................................ 7-4
7-2.1.2 Selection of Measurement Equipment.......................... 7-4
7-2.1J Sources of Measurement Error....................................... 7-4
7-2.1-3.1 Limitations of the Measuring Equipment ................ 7-4
7-2.1 -3.2 Environmental Influences............................................ 7-4
7-2.IJJ Interference .................................................................... 7-4
7-2.1.3.4 Interaction ....................................................................... 7-4
7-2.1 J.5 Response Time ................................................................ 7-5
7-2.1.3.6 System Errors.................................................................. 7-5
7-2. U .7 Errors of Observation and Interpretation ................ 7-5
7-2.1.4 Calibration ......................................................................... 7-5
7-2.2 Instrumentation Components........................................... 7-5
7-2.2.1 Input Devices ..................................................................... 7-5
7-2.2.1.1 Strain Gage Transducers............................................... 7-5
7-2.2.1.2 The Switch ....................................................................... 7-9
7-2.2.1.3 Magnetic Sensor................................................................ 7-10
7-2.2.1.4 Other Transducers........................................................... 7-12
7-2.2.2 Signal Conversion ........................................................... 7-12
7-2.2.2.1 Gage Zero Compensation............................................. 7-12
7—2.2.2.2 Gage Range Compensation .......................................... 7-13
7-2.2.2.3 Pre-fire System Calibration........................................... 7-13
7-2.2.2.4 Amplification ................................................................... 7-14
7-2.2.2.S Electronic Switch ........................................................... 7-14
7-2.2.2.6 Analog-to-Digital Conversion........................................ 7-15
7-2.2.2.7 Digital Processing ........................................................... 7-16
7-2.2J Output Devices.................................................................. 7-16
7-2.2.3.1 Counter................................................................................. 7-18
vi
MKP7W-270
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Con'd.)
Paragraph Page
7-12.3.2 Oscillograph .................................................................... 7-! 8
7-2.2.3.3 Printer................................................................................ 7-18
7-2.2.3.4 Oscilloscope .................................................................... 7-18
7-2.2.3.S Other Output Devices ..........i.................................... 7-19
7-2.3 . Firing System ..................................................................... 7-19
7-2.3.1 Power Supply and Switch............................................... 7-19
7-2-3.2 Firing line and Connectors............................................ 7-20
7-2-3.3. Firing Signal Monitor ...................................................... 7-20
7-2.3.4 Safety Breaks in the Firing Line................................... 7-20
7-13.5 Sequencing System...............................•........................ 7-21
7-2.4 Test Fixtures.......................................................................... 7-21
7-2.4.1 Fixture Design Considerations........................................ 7-21
7-14.2 Common Test Fixtures ................................................ 7-21
7-2.4.2.1 Pressure Chamber ........................................................... 7-22
7-2.4.2.2» Constant Load Cylinder................................................. 7-22
7—2.4.2.3 Track and Carriage ......................................................... 7-22
7—2.4.2.4 Other Futures ............................................................. 7-23
7-2.5 PAD Parameters...................................................................... 7-23
7-2.5.1 Dimension Parameters.................................................... 7-23
7-2.5.1.1 Length ............................................................................... 7-23
7-2.5.1.2 Area .................................................................................... 7-25
7-2.5.1.3 Volume............................................................................... 7-25
7-2.5.1.4 Angle................................................................................... 7-25
7-2.5.2 Time frramete.s................................................................ 7—25
7—2.5.2-1 Time Intervals................................................................... 7-25
7-2.5.2.2 Frequency.......................................................................... 7-25
7-2.5.3 Motion Parameters ........................................................... 7-25
7-2.5.3.1 Velocity ............................................................................ 7-2S
7—2.5.3.2. Acceleration ..................................................................... 7-25
7—2.5.3.3 Rate of Change of Acceleration g ............................... 7-25
7—2.5.3.4 Acceleration-Time Integral S adi ............................ 7-25
7-2.S.3.5 Dynamic Response Index (DRI)................................. 7-25
7-2.5.4 Force Derived Parameter.................................................. 7-25
7-2.5.4.1 Force.................................................................................... 7-25
7-2.5.4.2 Weight ............................................................................... 7-26
7-2.5.4.3 Force-Time Integral S F dt........................................... 7-26
7-15.4.4 Pressure............................................................................... 7-26
7-2.5.4.5 Pressure-Time Integral / Pdt........................................ 7-26
■’-2.5.4.6 Torque................................................................................. 7-26
7-2.5.5 Electrical Parameters ..................................................... 7-26
7-15.5.1 Current............................................................................... 7-26
7-15.5.2 Voltage............................................................................... 7-26
AMCT 70ft-270
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Con’t)
Paragraph Page
7-2.5.5 J Resistance.......................................................................... 7-26
7-2.5.5.4 Amplifier Characteristics ................................ 7-26
7-2.S.6 Other Parameters.................................................................. 7-26
7-2.5.6.1 Case Temperature .......................................................... 7-26
7-2.5.6.2 Flame Temperature......................................................... 7-26
7-2.5.6.J Flow................................................................................... 7-27
7-2.S.6.4 Acoustical Para me ten..................................... 7-27
7-2.6 Initiator Testing ................................................................... 7-27
7-2.6.1 Parameters............................................................................ 7-27
7-2.6.2 Fixtures................................................................................. 7-27
7-2.6.3 Instrumentation ................................................................ 7-27
7-2.6.4 Report................................................................................... 7-27
7-2.6.5 Special Considerations......................................................... 7-27
7-2.7 Thruster Testing .................................................................. 7-27
7-2.7.1 Parameters............................................................................ 7-27
7-2.7.2 Fixtures................................................................................. 7-28
7-2.7.3 Instrumentation ................................................................ 7-28
7-2.7.4 Record................................................................................... 7-29
7-2.7.5 Special Consideration ...................................................... 7-30
7-2.8 Rocket Catapult Testing.................................................... 7-30
7-2.8.1 Parameters............................................................................ 7-30
7-2.8.2 Fixtures .............................................................................. 7-30
7-2.8.3 Instrumentation ............... 7-30
7-2.8.4 Report................................ 7-30
7-2.8.5 Special Considerations...................................................... 7-31
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A. CONVERSION OF DISTORTION ENERGY EQUA­
TION TO MORE USEFUL FORMS FOR PROPELLANT ACTUATED
DEVICES ....................................................................................................... A-1
APPENDIX B. TABLE OF WALL RATIOS......................................... B -1
APPENDIX C. DERIVATION OF EQUATION USED IN DETER­
MINING LENGTH OF ENGAGEMENT THREADS........................ C-l
APPENDIX D. COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR SIMULATION OF
DIRECT STROKING DEVICE.............................................................. D-l
APPENDIX E. COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR HIGH-LOW STROK­
ING DEVICE...................... E-l