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Ambedkar’s Vision of Economic Development for India PDF

263 Pages·2020·2.544 MB·English
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Ambedkar’s Vision of Economic Development for India This book discusses Ambedkar’s engagements with the issues of social justice, economic development and caste enclosures. It highlights his significant contributions in the field of trade, public finance and monetary economics, Indian agriculture, education, among others, and examines their relevance in contemporary India. The volume analyses the basic theoretical conceptions in Ambedkar’s writings which attributed a key role to industrialisation, favoured economic planning and progressive labour laws. It reaffirms these theories and illustrates that focus on social and economic democracy promotes productivity, equitable distribution of wealth and an inclusive society. Through an analysis of Ambedkar’s interdisciplinary works, the book discusses issues of rural poverty, lagging infrastructure growth, the persistence of an exploitative ruling class and the economic and social marginalisation of the downtrodden which are still relevant today. Further, it offers solutions for a restructuring of the society under democratic principles which would recognise the basic right of all to social dignity, and devise means to insure against social and economic insecurity. Insightful and authoritative, this volume will be of great interest to students and researchers of economics, sociology, development studies and social exclusion. G ummadi Sridevi is an Associate Professor at School of Economics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad. She has completed collaborative research projects supported by ICSSR on climate change, food security and education. She’s currently working on a collaborative ICSSR-IMPRESS major research project on Commons. Her research areas cover a wide range of issues relating to food security, health, gender, climate change and economics of discrimination. She has published articles in various journals and edited volumes. She has 13 years of teaching experience at the University of Hyderabad. She has been teaching courses such as economics of discrimination, international trade and payments, microeconomics and mathematical economics. Ambedkar’s Vision of Economic Development for India Edited by Gummadi Sridevi First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Gummadi Sridevi; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Gummadi Sridevi to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-8153-8216-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-05157-2 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of figures vii List of tables viii List of contributors x Foreword xvi Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxvi PART I Ambedkar’s economic thought 1 1 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s vision of economic development of India and its relevance 3 G. NANCHARAIAH 2 Ambedkar’s thought on economic development and poverty alleviation 24 SUKHADEO THORAT 3 Dr. Ambedkar: inter-disciplinarian with commitment 38 R. S. DESHPANDE AND KHALIL SHAHA 4 Economics of Babasaheb Ambedkar 53 ANAND TELTUMBDE 5 Ambedkar’s anti-caste ideology and the making of a nation 71 R. THIRUNAVUKKARASU PART II Economic development and marginalised groups 91 6 Performance of Indian economy in the post-reform period: growth, inequality and well-being 93 R. RADHAKRISHNA vi Contents 7 Economics of discrimination: theory, evidence and the role of state 127 P. DURAISAMY AND MALATHY DURAISAMY 8 Social discrimination and suicides in higher educational institutions: role of state 145 K. LAXMINARAYANA 9 Between beef and carrion: the politics of food consumption 158 GAYATRI NAIR 10 Changing context of caste, gender and land relations in India 169 DONTHA PRASHANTH, PATTURI BALAJI AND MATTA SRINIVAS 11 Inter-group inequality in Punjab: does caste matter? 183 NITIN TAGADE, AJAYA K. NAIK AND CHANDRANI DUTTA 12 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s view on agricultural holdings and collective farming: the case of Telangana state 205 Y. SREENIVASULU AND TAJUDDIN MD. Bibliography 218 Index 229 Figures 6.1 GDP Growth Rates in India at Constant Prices 95 6.2 Profit and Wage Share in NVA in Organized Manufacturing Sector 97 6.3 White-Collar to Blue-Collar Wage Differential in Indian Organized Manufacturing 97 6.4 Trends in Weighted Coefficient of Variation (%) in GSDP per capita across Indian States (2004–05 prices) 98 6.5 Scatter Diagram of States by GSDP Per Capita Growth and Poverty Reduction during 1993–94 and 2011–12 110 6.6 Relative Poverty of SC/ST to All (1993–94 and 2011–12) 112 7.1 Trends in Real Wages by Gender, 1983–2012 131 7.2 Trends in Real Wages by Social Group, 1983–2012 132 11.1 Share of Population by Socio-religious Groups in Punjab – 2012 188 11.2 Comparison of MPCE across Socio-religious Groups in Punjab (In Rs.) – 2012 189 11.3 Comparison of MPCE among Social Groups by the Richest and Poorest Quintile Groups in Punjab 200 12.1 Trends in percentage of operational holdings and area by marginal farmers in Telangana 210 12.2 Trends in percentage of operational holdings and area by large farmers in Telangana 211 12.3 Trends in percentage of cultivators declining over period in Telangana 212 Tables 1.1 Change in the Agricultural Equipment During 1898 to 1910 in Baroda State 14 6.1 Annual Growth Rates of GDP and Per Capita GDP at Constant Prices: India, 1913–2014 94 6.2 Share of Private Corporate Sector and Public Sector in NDP and Share of Private Corporate Sector in Gross Capital Formation 96 6.3 GSDP Per Capita at 2004–05 Prices and its Annual Growth Rates across Major Indian States 99 6.4 Social Sector Development Indicators in BRICS 104 6.5 Annual Growth Rates (%) of Per Capita Monthly Expenditure by Broad Expenditure Groups 105 6.6 Annual Growth Rates of Social Welfare 106 6.7 Annual Growth Rates of Atkinson Inequality Coefficient (Aε) 107 6.8 Incidence and Performance of States in Poverty Reduction between 1993–94 and 2011–12 109 6.9 Classification of States by Growth and Performance of Poverty Reduction (1993/94–2011/12) 111 6.10 Incidence of Poverty, Malnutrition and CED of Woman in India 113 6.11 Incidence of Multi-dimensional Poverty in the Households with a Woman and a Child Below 5 years 114 6.12 Distribution of Households with a Child Below 5 Years and a Woman by Multidimensional Poverty in India 114 6.13 Ranking of States Based on Inverse of Deprivations, Inverse of Poverty, Average Real MPCE and Real GSDP Per Capita 116 6.14 Ranking of States on Performance in Reduction in Income Poverty, Decline in Malnutrition and Improvement in Education in Post-reform Period 117 6.15 Measures of Happiness for Selected Countries 119 Tables ix 7.1 Ratio of average monthly earnings of females over males in DHTP labour market, 1961, 1971 and 1981 130 7.2 Discrimination against Women in DHTP Labour Market in India 135 7.3 Wage Discrimination Among Social Groups, 2004–05 136 7.4 Segregation Index in the Scientific and Technical Labour Market 138 7.5 Wage and Job Discrimination against Gender and Caste in the Indian Labour Markets 139 11.1 MPCE and Economic and Non-economic Asset Distribution by Socio-religious Groups in Punjab 186 11.2 Regression estimates for the MPCE generating equation 192 11.3 Expected MPCE of Household (in Rs.) 192 11.4 Decomposition of the Difference in Mean MPCE between High Caste (HC) and Scheduled Caste (SC) 194 11.5 Decomposition of the Difference in Mean MPCE between Hindu High Caste (HHCs) and Hindu Scheduled Caste (HSCs) 194 11.6 Decomposition of the Difference in Mean MPCE between Sikh High Caste (SHC) and Sikh Scheduled Caste (SSC) 195 11.7 Individual Contributions to the Decomposition of the Difference in MPCE between High Castes and Scheduled Castes, Pooled Estimates 196 11.8 Individual Contributions to the Decomposition of the Difference in MPCE between HCs and SCs (separately for Hindu and Sikh households), Pooled Estimates 197 11.9 Distribution of Population by Social Groups and MPCE Quintile Groups in Punjab – 2012 199 11.10 Gini Ratio and Its Decomposition by Observable Characteristics in Punjab 201

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