Amazon Relational Database Service - Amazon Web Services

586 Pages·2015·8.28 MB·English

Amazon Relational Database
Service
User Guide
API Version 2014-10-31
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Amazon Relational Database Service: User Guide
Copyright © 2015 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
The following are trademarks of Amazon Web Services, Inc.: Amazon, Amazon Web Services Design, AWS, Amazon CloudFront,
AWS CloudTrail, AWS CodeDeploy, Amazon Cognito, Amazon DevPay, DynamoDB, ElastiCache, Amazon EC2, Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud, Amazon Glacier, Amazon Kinesis, Kindle, Kindle Fire, AWS Marketplace Design, Mechanical Turk, Amazon Redshift,
Amazon Route 53, Amazon S3, Amazon VPC, and Amazon Zocalo. In addition, Amazon.com graphics, logos, page headers, button
icons, scripts, and service names are trademarks, or trade dress of Amazon in the U.S. and/or other countries. Amazon's trademarks
and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause
confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon.
All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected
to, or sponsored by Amazon.
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Table of Contents
What Is Amazon RDS?................................................................................................................... 1
Amazon RDS Components ..................................................................................................... 2
DB Instances................................................................................................................ 2
Regions and Availability Zones ........................................................................................ 3
Security Groups ............................................................................................................ 3
DB Parameter Groups.................................................................................................... 3
DB Option Groups......................................................................................................... 3
Available RDS Interfaces ........................................................................................................ 4
Amazon RDS Console ................................................................................................... 4
Command Line Interface................................................................................................. 4
Programmatic Interfaces................................................................................................. 4
How You Are Charged for Amazon RDS.................................................................................... 5
Monitoring an Amazon RDS DB Instance................................................................................... 5
What's Next? ........................................................................................................................ 5
Getting Started ............................................................................................................. 5
Database Engine Specific Topics...................................................................................... 6
Setting Up.................................................................................................................................... 7
Sign Up for AWS................................................................................................................... 7
Create an IAM User............................................................................................................... 8
Determine Requirements........................................................................................................ 9
Create a Security Group ....................................................................................................... 10
Getting Started............................................................................................................................ 12
Creating a MySQL DB Instance and Connecting to a Database................................................... 12
Creating a MySQL DB Instance...................................................................................... 13
Connecting to a Database on a DB Instance Running MySQL............................................. 19
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 19
Creating an Oracle DB Instance and Connecting to a Database................................................... 20
Creating a DB Instance Running Oracle........................................................................... 20
Connecting to a DB Instance Running Oracle................................................................... 26
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 28
Creating a SQL Server DB Instance and Connecting to a Database.............................................. 28
Creating a SQL Server DB Instance................................................................................ 28
Connecting to a SQL Server DB Instance Using SQL Server Management Studio................... 34
Troubleshooting a Connection to a DB Instance Running SQL Server................................... 38
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 39
Creating a PostgreSQL DB Instance and Connecting to a Database............................................. 39
Creating a PostgreSQL DB Instance............................................................................... 39
Connecting to a PostgreSQL DB Instance........................................................................ 46
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 49
Best Practices............................................................................................................................. 50
Amazon RDS Basic Operational Guidelines ............................................................................. 50
DB Instance RAM Recommendations.............................................................................. 51
Amazon RDS Security Best Practices ..................................................................................... 51
Best Practices for Working with MySQL Storage Engines............................................................ 51
Best Practices for Working with PostgreSQL............................................................................. 52
Loading Data into a PostgreSQL DB Instance................................................................... 52
Working with the PostgreSQL Autovacuum Feature........................................................... 52
Best Practices for Working with SQL Server............................................................................. 54
DB Instances .............................................................................................................................. 55
DB Instance Class ............................................................................................................... 56
DB Instance Status .............................................................................................................. 59
Regions and Availability Zones............................................................................................... 60
Related Topics ............................................................................................................ 61
High Availability (Multi-AZ)..................................................................................................... 62
Failover Process for Amazon RDS.................................................................................. 63
API Version 2014-10-31
iii
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Amazon RDS and Amazon VPC............................................................................................. 63
DB Instance Backups ........................................................................................................... 64
Automated Backup....................................................................................................... 64
DB Snapshots............................................................................................................. 66
Related Topics ............................................................................................................ 66
DB Instance Replication........................................................................................................ 67
Storage...................................................................................................................................... 68
Storage Types ..................................................................................................................... 68
Performance Metrics ............................................................................................................ 69
Facts About Amazon RDS Storage......................................................................................... 69
Other Factors That Impact Storage Performance............................................................... 70
Adding Storage and Changing Storage Type..................................................................... 71
General Purpose (SSD) Storage ............................................................................................ 71
I/O Credits and Burst Performance.................................................................................. 71
Provisioned IOPS Storage..................................................................................................... 73
Using Provisioned IOPS Storage with Multi-AZ, Read Replicas, Snapshots, VPC, and DB
Instance Classes ......................................................................................................... 74
Provisioned IOPS Storage Costs.................................................................................... 74
Getting the Most out of Amazon RDS Provisioned IOPS..................................................... 74
Provisioned IOPS Storage Support in the CLI and Amazon RDS API.................................... 75
Factors That Affect Realized IOPS Rates................................................................................. 75
Page Size and Channel Bandwidth................................................................................. 76
DB Instance Class ....................................................................................................... 76
Database Workload...................................................................................................... 77
Security ..................................................................................................................................... 78
Using IAM to Manage Access to Amazon RDS Resources.......................................................... 79
Creating IAM Policies for Amazon RDS............................................................................ 80
How Resource Authorization Works in Amazon RDS.......................................................... 81
Specifying Conditions in an IAM Policy for Amazon RDS.................................................... 82
Example IAM Policies for Amazon RDS........................................................................... 84
Encrypting Amazon RDS Resources....................................................................................... 88
Enabling Amazon RDS Encryption for a DB Instance......................................................... 88
Availability of Amazon RDS Encrypted Instances............................................................... 89
Managing Amazon RDS Encryption Keys......................................................................... 90
Limitations of Amazon RDS Encrypted Instances.............................................................. 90
Amazon RDS Security Groups............................................................................................... 90
DB Security Groups ..................................................................................................... 90
VPC Security Groups ................................................................................................... 91
DB Security Groups vs.VPC Security Groups................................................................... 91
Security Group Scenario............................................................................................... 91
Related Topics ............................................................................................................ 92
Limits ........................................................................................................................................ 93
Limits in Amazon RDS.......................................................................................................... 93
Naming Constraints in Amazon RDS....................................................................................... 94
File Size Limits in Amazon RDS............................................................................................. 96
MySQL ...................................................................................................................... 96
MySQL on Amazon RDS............................................................................................................... 97
MySQL Planning Information ................................................................................................. 98
MySQL Versions.......................................................................................................... 98
Amazon RDS Supported Storage Engines....................................................................... 99
Amazon RDS and MySQL Security............................................................................... 100
InnoDB Cache Warming.............................................................................................. 102
MySQL Features Not Supported By Amazon RDS........................................................... 103
Known Issues and Limitations...................................................................................... 103
Creating a DB Instance Running MySQL................................................................................ 106
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 169
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 113
API.......................................................................................................................... 114
API Version 2014-10-31
iv
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 114
Connecting to a DB Instance Running MySQL........................................................................ 115
Connecting from the MySQL Utility................................................................................ 115
Connecting with SSL .................................................................................................. 116
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 117
Modifying a DB Instance Running MySQL.............................................................................. 118
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 118
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 120
API.......................................................................................................................... 120
Importing and Exporting Data From a MySQL DB Instance....................................................... 121
Overview .................................................................................................................. 121
Importing Data Considerations ..................................................................................... 121
Importing Data from a MySQL DB to an Amazon RDS MySQL DB Instance......................... 124
Importing Data to an Amazon RDS MySQL DB Instance with Reduced Downtime................. 125
Importing Data From Any Source to a MySQL DB Instance............................................... 137
Replication with a MySQL Instance Running External to Amazon RDS................................ 140
Using Replication to Export MySQL 5.6 Data.................................................................. 142
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for MySQL............................................................................. 146
Killing a Session or Query........................................................................................... 146
Skipping the Current Replication Error........................................................................... 146
Working with InnoDB Tablespaces to Improve Crash Recovery Times................................. 147
Managing the Global Status History.............................................................................. 149
Appendix: Options for MySQL .............................................................................................. 151
MySQL 5.6 memcached Support.................................................................................. 151
Appendix: MySQL on Amazon RDS SQL Reference................................................................. 155
Overview .................................................................................................................. 155
SQL reference conventions.......................................................................................... 155
mysql.rds_set_external_master .................................................................................... 155
mysql.rds_reset_external_master ................................................................................. 157
mysql.rds_start_replication .......................................................................................... 158
mysql.rds_stop_replication .......................................................................................... 158
mysql_rds_skip_repl_error........................................................................................... 159
mysql.rds_next_master_log ......................................................................................... 160
mysql.rds_innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now ..................................................................... 162
mysql.rds_innodb_buffer_pool_load_now ....................................................................... 162
mysql.rds_innodb_buffer_pool_load_abort ..................................................................... 162
Oracle on Amazon RDS.............................................................................................................. 164
Common Management Tasks for Oracle on Amazon RDS......................................................... 164
Planning Your Amazon RDS Oracle DB Instance..................................................................... 165
Engine Features ........................................................................................................ 166
Security.................................................................................................................... 167
Oracle Version Management........................................................................................ 167
Licensing.................................................................................................................. 167
Using OEM, APEX, TDE, and other options.................................................................... 168
Creating a DB Instance Running Oracle................................................................................. 169
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 169
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 174
API.......................................................................................................................... 174
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 175
Connecting to a DB Instance Running Oracle.......................................................................... 176
CLI or Console .......................................................................................................... 176
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 177
Modifying a DB Instance Running Oracle............................................................................... 178
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 178
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 180
API.......................................................................................................................... 180
Importing Data Into Oracle on Amazon RDS........................................................................... 181
Oracle SQL Developer................................................................................................ 181
API Version 2014-10-31
v
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Oracle Data Pump ..................................................................................................... 181
Oracle Export/Import Utilities ....................................................................................... 184
Oracle SQL*Loader .................................................................................................... 184
Oracle Materialized Views ........................................................................................... 186
Appendix: Options for Oracle................................................................................................ 188
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control................................................................. 188
Oracle XML DB ......................................................................................................... 189
Oracle Application Express (APEX)............................................................................... 189
Oracle Native Network Encryption................................................................................. 192
Oracle Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)..................................................................... 194
Oracle Statspack ....................................................................................................... 195
Oracle Time Zone ...................................................................................................... 198
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for Oracle.............................................................................. 200
Enabling and disabling Restricted Session ..................................................................... 201
Flushing the Shared Pool ............................................................................................ 201
Flushing the Buffer Cache ........................................................................................... 201
Disconnecting a Session (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)............................................... 202
Killing a Session ........................................................................................................ 202
Renaming the Global Name (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)........................................... 202
Granting Privileges to Non-Master Users........................................................................ 203
Switching Online Log files............................................................................................ 203
Adding, Dropping and Resizing Online Redo Logs........................................................... 203
Setting Force Logging (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)................................................... 206
Retaining Archived Redo Logs (for version 11.2.0.2.v7 and later)....................................... 207
Setting Supplemental Logging (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)........................................ 207
Creating and Resizing Tablespaces and Data Files.......................................................... 207
Setting Default Tablespace........................................................................................... 208
Setting Default Temporary Tablespace ........................................................................... 208
Checkpointing the Database ........................................................................................ 208
Setting Distributed Recovery (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later) ......................................... 208
Granting SELECT or EXECUTE privileges to SYS Objects (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)
................................................................................................................................ 209
Setting the Database Time Zone................................................................................... 209
Working with Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)........................................................ 210
Adjusting Database Links for Use with DB Instances in a VPC........................................... 210
Creating New Directories in the Main Data Storage Space (for version 11.2.0.4.v1 and
later)........................................................................................................................ 210
Listing and Reading Files in a DB Instance Directory (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later).......... 211
Appendix: Using Oracle GoldenGate with Amazon RDS............................................................ 212
Setting Up an Oracle GoldenGate Hub on EC2............................................................... 215
Setting Up a Source Database for Use with GoldenGate on Amazon RDS........................... 217
Setting Up a Target Database for Use with GoldenGate on Amazon RDS............................. 221
Working with Oracle GoldenGate's Extract and Replicat Utilities......................................... 222
Troubleshooting Issues When Using Oracle GoldenGate with Amazon RDS......................... 225
Appendix: Using AWS CloudHSM to Store Amazon RDS Oracle TDE Keys.................................. 226
Setting Up AWS CloudHSM to Work with Amazon RDS.................................................... 227
Setting Up Amazon RDS to Work with AWS CloudHSM.................................................... 231
Verifying the HSM Connection, the Oracle Keys in the HSM, and the TDE Key...................... 235
Restoring Encrypted DB Instances................................................................................ 237
Managing a Multi-AZ Failover....................................................................................... 238
Appendix: Oracle Character Sets Supported in Amazon RDS.................................................... 239
Appendix: Oracle Database Engine Release Notes.................................................................. 241
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v3 ........................................................................... 241
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v4 or 11.2.0.2.v5........................................................ 241
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v6 ........................................................................... 242
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v7 ........................................................................... 243
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.3.v1............................................................................ 245
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.3.v2............................................................................ 246
API Version 2014-10-31
vi
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.4.v1............................................................................ 247
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.4.v2 (Deprecated)......................................................... 247
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.4.v3............................................................................ 248
Microsoft SQL Server on Amazon RDS.......................................................................................... 250
Common Management Tasks for SQL Server on Amazon RDS.................................................. 250
Planning Your SQL Server DB Instance on Amazon RDS.......................................................... 251
General Limits for SQL Server DB Instances................................................................... 252
Support for SQL Server Features on Amazon RDS.......................................................... 302
SQL Server Licensing................................................................................................. 254
Planning your Multi-AZ Deployments Using SQL Server Mirroring...................................... 255
Database Engine Version Management.......................................................................... 258
Supported SQL Server Roles and Permissions............................................................... 258
Using SSL with a SQL Server DB Instance..................................................................... 259
Using the TDE Option to Encrypt Data at Rest................................................................ 261
Creating a DB Instance Running SQL Server.......................................................................... 262
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 262
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 268
API.......................................................................................................................... 268
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 269
Connecting to a DB Instance Running SQL Server.................................................................. 270
Connecting with SQL Server Management Studio............................................................ 270
Connecting with SQL Workbench/J ............................................................................... 273
Troubleshooting a Connection to a DB Instance Running SQL Server.................................. 275
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 275
Modifying a DB Instance Running SQL Server........................................................................ 277
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 277
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 279
API.......................................................................................................................... 279
Working with SQL Server Multi-AZ with Mirroring..................................................................... 280
Determining the Location of the Standby Mirror............................................................... 280
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 280
Importing Data into SQL Server on Amazon RDS.................................................................... 281
Preparing to Import Data into Your SQL Server DB Instance.............................................. 281
Import Logins to Your SQL Server DB Instance............................................................... 283
Import the Data ......................................................................................................... 284
Cleaning Up.............................................................................................................. 286
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for SQL Server....................................................................... 288
Determining a Recovery Model..................................................................................... 288
Collations and Character Sets for SQL Server................................................................. 288
Transitioning a Database from OFFLINE to ONLINE......................................................... 289
Dropping a Database in a Multi-AZ Deployment Using Mirroring......................................... 289
Analyzing Your Database Workload on a DB Instance Using SQL Server Tuning Advisor........ 289
Using SQL Server Agent............................................................................................. 292
Appendix: Options for SQL Server......................................................................................... 295
SQL Server Transparent Data Encryption....................................................................... 295
Multi-AZ Deployment for SQL Server Using the Mirroring Option........................................ 298
PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS....................................................................................................... 300
Amazon RDS PostgreSQL Planning Information...................................................................... 301
Database Engine Features .......................................................................................... 302
PostgreSQL Version 9.3.5............................................................................................ 303
Limits for PostgreSQL DB Instances.............................................................................. 304
Minor Version Upgrades.............................................................................................. 304
Using SSL with a PostgreSQL DB Instance.................................................................... 304
Creating a DB Instance Running PostgreSQL......................................................................... 306
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 306
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 311
API.......................................................................................................................... 311
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 312
API Version 2014-10-31
vii
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Connecting to a DB Instance Running the PostgreSQL Database Engine..................................... 313
Using pgAdmin to Connect to a PostgreSQL DB Instance................................................. 313
Using psql to Connect to a PostgreSQL DB Instance........................................................ 315
Troubleshooting Connection Issues............................................................................... 315
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 316
Modifying a DB Instance Running PostgreSQL........................................................................ 317
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 317
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 319
API.......................................................................................................................... 319
Importing Data into PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS.................................................................... 320
Importing a PostgreSQL Database from an Amazon EC2 Instance..................................... 320
Using the \copy Command to Import Data to a Table on a PostgreSQL DB Instance............. 321
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for PostgreSQL....................................................................... 322
Creating Roles .......................................................................................................... 322
Managing PostgreSQL Database Access....................................................................... 322
Working with PostgreSQL Parameters ........................................................................... 323
Setting up PostGIS..................................................................................................... 331
Using pgBadger for Log Analysis with PostgreSQL.......................................................... 333
Aurora on Amazon RDS.............................................................................................................. 334
Amazon RDS for Aurora Preview.......................................................................................... 335
Aurora Endpoints ............................................................................................................... 335
Amazon Aurora Replication.................................................................................................. 336
Replication with MySQL .............................................................................................. 336
Amazon Aurora Storage...................................................................................................... 338
Amazon Aurora Reliability.................................................................................................... 338
Storage Auto-Repair................................................................................................... 338
"Survivable" Cache Warming........................................................................................ 339
Crash Recovery......................................................................................................... 339
Amazon RDS for Aurora Security.......................................................................................... 339
Securing Aurora Data with SSL.................................................................................... 340
Using the memcached Option with Amazon Aurora.................................................................. 341
Comparison of Amazon RDS for Aurora and Amazon RDS for MySQL........................................ 341
Amazon RDS for Aurora Preview.......................................................................................... 342
Getting Started with Amazon Aurora...................................................................................... 342
Creating an Aurora DB Cluster and Connecting to a Database on an Aurora DB Instance....... 342
Creating an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster................................................................................. 354
DB Cluster Prerequisites ............................................................................................. 354
Using the AWS Management Console to Launch an Aurora DB Cluster and Create an Aurora
Replica .................................................................................................................... 355
Connecting to an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster.......................................................................... 363
Connecting With SSL.................................................................................................. 364
Troubleshooting Aurora Connection Failures................................................................... 365
Migrating Data to an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster..................................................................... 365
Importing an RDS MySQL Snapshot to Aurora................................................................ 365
Monitoring an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster.............................................................................. 369
Aurora Metrics........................................................................................................... 371
Managing an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster............................................................................... 373
Managing Performance and Scaling for Aurora DB Cluster................................................ 373
Fault Tolerance for an Aurora DB Cluster........................................................................ 374
Backing Up and Restoring an Aurora DB Cluster............................................................. 374
DB Instance Lifecycle ................................................................................................................. 376
Upgrading and Amazon RDS Resource Maintenance............................................................... 378
Operating System Upgrades for a DB Instance................................................................ 379
Minor DB Engine Version Upgrades for a DB Instance...................................................... 382
Major DB Engine Version Upgrades for a DB Instance...................................................... 382
Amazon RDS Maintenance Releases............................................................................ 387
Amazon RDS Maintenance Window.............................................................................. 387
Modifying a DB Instance and Using the Apply Immediately Parameter......................................... 391
API Version 2014-10-31
viii
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Renaming a DB Instance..................................................................................................... 393
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 393
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 394
API.......................................................................................................................... 394
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 394
Deleting a DB Instance ....................................................................................................... 395
Deleting a DB Instance with No Final Snapshot............................................................... 395
Deleting a DB Instance with a Final Snapshot................................................................. 396
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 397
Rebooting a DB Instance..................................................................................................... 398
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 398
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 398
API.......................................................................................................................... 399
Working with Storage Types................................................................................................. 400
Modifying a DB Instance to Use a Different Storage Type.................................................. 400
Modifying IOPS and Storage Settings for a DB Instance That Uses Provisioned IOPS............ 402
Creating a DB Instance that Uses Provisioned IOPS Storage............................................. 404
Creating a MySQL Read Replica That Uses Provisioned IOPS Storage............................... 406
Working with PostgreSQL and MySQL Read Replicas.............................................................. 408
Amazon RDS Read Replica Overview........................................................................... 408
PostgreSQL Read Replicas (version 9.3.5 and later)........................................................ 409
MySQL Read Replicas................................................................................................ 411
Creating a Read Replica ............................................................................................. 412
Promoting a Read Replica to Be a DB Instance............................................................... 413
Replicating a Read Replica Across Regions (MySQL only)................................................ 415
Monitoring Read Replication ........................................................................................ 417
Troubleshooting a MySQL Read Replica Problem............................................................ 419
Troubleshooting a PostgreSQL Read Replica Problem...................................................... 420
Tagging Amazon RDS Resources......................................................................................... 422
What You Should Know About Amazon RDS Resource Tags.............................................. 422
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 423
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 427
API.......................................................................................................................... 427
Constructing an Amazon RDS Amazon Resource Name (ARN)......................................... 428
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 430
Backing Up and Restoring................................................................................................... 430
Working With Automated Backups ................................................................................ 431
Creating a DB Snapshot.............................................................................................. 434
Restoring From a DB Snapshot.................................................................................... 436
Copying a DB Snapshot.............................................................................................. 439
Restoring a DB Instance to a Specified Time.................................................................. 442
Working with Option Groups ................................................................................................ 444
Option Groups Overview ............................................................................................. 444
Creating an Option Group............................................................................................ 448
Making a Copy of an Option Group............................................................................... 449
Adding an Option to an Option Group............................................................................ 449
Listing the Options and Option Settings for an Option Group.............................................. 452
Modifying an Option Setting......................................................................................... 453
Removing an Option from an Option Group.................................................................... 455
Working with DB Parameter Groups...................................................................................... 457
Creating a DB Parameter Group................................................................................... 457
Modifying Parameters in a DB Parameter Group.............................................................. 459
Copying a DB Parameter Group ................................................................................... 462
Listing DB Parameter Groups....................................................................................... 463
Viewing Parameter Values for a DB Parameter Group....................................................... 465
DB Parameter Values.................................................................................................. 468
Working with DB Security Groups......................................................................................... 471
Creating a DB Security Group...................................................................................... 471
API Version 2014-10-31
ix
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Listing Available DB Security Groups............................................................................. 474
Viewing a DB security group........................................................................................ 475
Authorizing Network Access to a DB Security Group from an IP Range............................... 477
Authorizing Network Access to a DB Instance from an Amazon EC2 Instance...................... 479
Revoking Network Access to a DB Instance from an IP Range........................................... 481
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 483
Working with Reserved DB Instances.................................................................................... 484
Describing Available Reserved DB Instance Offerings...................................................... 485
Purchasing a Reserved DB Instance............................................................................. 489
Describing Reserved DB Instances............................................................................... 491
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 494
Using Amazon RDS with Amazon VPC.................................................................................. 495
Determining Whether You are Using the EC2-VPC or EC2-Classic Platform......................... 496
Working with a DB Instance in a VPC............................................................................ 497
Working with DB Subnet Groups................................................................................... 498
Hiding a DB Instance in a VPC from the Internet.............................................................. 498
Creating a DB Instance in a VPC.................................................................................. 499
Moving a DB Instance not in a VPC into a VPC............................................................... 501
Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 503
Viewing DB Instance Metrics................................................................................................ 504
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 504
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 505
API.......................................................................................................................... 505
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 506
Using Amazon RDS Event Notification................................................................................... 507
Amazon RDS Event Categories and Event Messages...................................................... 508
Subscribing to Amazon RDS Event Notification............................................................... 512
Listing Your Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscriptions................................................ 516
Modifying an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription................................................ 517
Adding a Source Identifier to an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription...................... 519
Removing a Source identifier from an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription.............. 520
Listing the Amazon RDS Event Notification Categories..................................................... 521
Deleting an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription................................................. 523
Viewing Amazon RDS Events .............................................................................................. 524
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 524
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 524
API.......................................................................................................................... 525
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 525
Database Log Files ............................................................................................................ 526
MySQL Database Log Files......................................................................................... 526
Oracle Database Log Files .......................................................................................... 530
SQL Server Database Log Files................................................................................... 533
PostgreSQL Database Log Files................................................................................... 534
Viewing and Listing Database Log Files......................................................................... 536
Downloading a Database Log File................................................................................. 540
Watching a Database Log File...................................................................................... 542
Logging Amazon RDS API Calls Using AWS CloudTrail............................................................ 546
Configuring CloudTrail Event Logging............................................................................ 546
Amazon RDS Event Entries in CloudTrail Log Files.......................................................... 546
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................... 549
Cannot Connect to DB Instance............................................................................................ 549
Testing the DB Instance Connection.............................................................................. 550
Troubleshooting Connection Authentication..................................................................... 550
Security Issues.................................................................................................................. 550
DB Instance Outage or Reboot............................................................................................. 551
Parameter Changes Not Taking Effect.................................................................................... 551
DB Instance Out of Storage................................................................................................. 552
MySQL Issues................................................................................................................... 553
API Version 2014-10-31
x