Table Of Content

Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide API Version 2016-09-29 Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Amazon CloudFront: Developer Guide Copyright © 2017 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Table of Contents What Is Amazon CloudFront? ............................................................................................................... 1 How CloudFront Delivers Content ................................................................................................ 4 How CloudFront Works with Regional Edge Caches ........................................................................ 6 Locations and IP Address Ranges of CloudFront Edge Servers .......................................................... 7 CloudFront Compliance............................................................................................................... 8 PCI DSS............................................................................................................................ 8 HIPAA............................................................................................................................... 8 Logging CloudFront Usage Data for Auditing ......................................................................... 8 AWS Billing and Usage Reports for CloudFront ...................................................................................... 9 AWS Billing Report for CloudFront ............................................................................................. 11 AWS Usage Report for CloudFront .............................................................................................. 12 Interpreting Your AWS Bill and the AWS Usage Report for CloudFront ............................................. 13 CloudFront Reports.......................................................................................................................... 16 CloudFront Cache Statistics Reports ............................................................................................ 17 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 18 How Cache Statistics Charts Are Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs ........................ 20 CloudFront Popular Objects Report ............................................................................................ 21 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 22 How Data in the Popular Objects Report Is Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs .......... 24 CloudFront Top Referrers Report................................................................................................ 25 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 25 How Data in the Top Referrers Report Is Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs .............. 26 CloudFront Usage Reports......................................................................................................... 27 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 28 How the Usage Charts Are Related to Data in the CloudFront Usage Report ............................. 30 CloudFront Viewers Reports....................................................................................................... 31 Displaying Viewers Charts and Reports ............................................................................... 32 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 33 How Data in the Locations Report Is Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs ................... 38 Getting Started ................................................................................................................................ 40 Step 1: Sign up for Amazon Web Services ................................................................................... 40 Step 2: Upload your content to Amazon S3 and grant object permissions ........................................ 40 Step 3: Create a CloudFront Web Distribution .............................................................................. 42 Step 4: Test your links .............................................................................................................. 47 Working with Distributions................................................................................................................ 48 Overview of Web and RTMP Distributions ................................................................................... 49 Web Distributions............................................................................................................. 49 RTMP Distributions........................................................................................................... 50 Creating Web and RTMP Distributions......................................................................................... 50 Listing, Viewing, and Updating CloudFront Distributions ................................................................ 50 Deleting a Distribution.............................................................................................................. 51 Using Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs)................................................................................... 52 Using the * Wildcard in Alternate Domain Names ................................................................. 52 Restrictions on Using Alternate Domain Names .................................................................... 53 Adding an Alternate Domain Name .................................................................................... 54 Choosing the Price Class for a CloudFront Distribution .................................................................. 56 Using CloudFront with Amazon S3 ............................................................................................. 57 Adding CloudFront When You're Distributing Content from Amazon S3 ................................... 57 Moving an Amazon S3 Bucket to a Different Region ............................................................. 58 Changes to the CloudFront API .................................................................................................. 59 Working with Web Distributions ......................................................................................................... 60 Task List for Creating a Web Distribution .................................................................................... 60 Creating or Updating a Web Distribution Using the CloudFront Console ........................................... 61 Testing Your Web Distribution .................................................................................................... 62 API Version 2016-09-29 iii Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Using Amazon S3 Origins and Custom Origins for Web Distributions ............................................... 63 Using Amazon S3 Buckets for Your Origin ........................................................................... 63 Using Amazon EC2 or Other Custom Origins ........................................................................ 64 Values That You Specify When You Create or Update a Web Distribution ......................................... 64 Delivery Method ............................................................................................................... 66 Origin Settings................................................................................................................. 66 Cache Behavior Settings .................................................................................................... 71 Distribution Details........................................................................................................... 78 Custom Error Pages and Error Caching ................................................................................ 83 Restrictions...................................................................................................................... 84 Values that CloudFront Displays in the Console When You Create or Update a Web Distribution ........... 85 Distribution ID (General Tab) .............................................................................................. 85 Distribution Status (General Tab) ........................................................................................ 85 Last Modified (General Tab) ............................................................................................... 85 Domain Name (General Tab) .............................................................................................. 85 Requirements and Recommendations for Using Amazon EC2 and Other Custom Origins .................... 86 Using AWS WAF to Control Access to Your Content ...................................................................... 86 Restricting the Geographic Distribution of Your Content ................................................................ 87 Using CloudFront Geo Restriction ....................................................................................... 87 Using a Third-Party Geolocation Service .............................................................................. 89 Configuring On-Demand Smooth Streaming ................................................................................ 90 Configuring On-Demand Progressive Downloads.......................................................................... 91 Configuring On-Demand Apple HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) ........................................................... 91 Using CloudFront with Lambda@Edge................................................................................................ 92 CloudFront Events That Can Trigger a Lambda Function ................................................................ 93 How You Decide Which CloudFront Event to Use to Trigger a Lambda Function ................................ 94 Requirements and Restrictions on Lambda Functions.................................................................... 95 Creating Lambda Functions and Adding Triggers .......................................................................... 96 Creating Lambda Functions (Console) ................................................................................. 96 Adding Triggers for CloudFront Events to a Lambda Function ................................................. 97 Event Structure........................................................................................................................ 98 Request Event.................................................................................................................. 98 Response Event................................................................................................................ 99 Header Restrictions................................................................................................................. 100 Blacklisted Headers......................................................................................................... 100 Read-only Headers.......................................................................................................... 101 Restricted Headers for CloudFront Origin Request Events .................................................... 102 Generating HTTP Responses .................................................................................................... 103 Programming Model ....................................................................................................... 103 CloudWatch Metrics and CloudWatch Logs for Lambda Functions ................................................. 104 CloudWatch Metrics........................................................................................................ 104 CloudWatch Logs............................................................................................................ 104 Example Functions.................................................................................................................. 104 Example: A/B Testing ...................................................................................................... 105 Example: Overriding a Response Header ............................................................................ 106 Example: Serving Static Content (Generated Response) ....................................................... 106 Example: Generating an HTTP Redirect (Generated Response) .............................................. 107 Working with RTMP Distributions ..................................................................................................... 108 How RTMP Distributions Work ................................................................................................. 108 Task List for Streaming Media Files Using RTMP ......................................................................... 110 Creating an RTMP Distribution Using the CloudFront Console ....................................................... 111 Values that You Specify When You Create or Update an RTMP Distribution ..................................... 111 Origin Domain Name (Amazon S3 Bucket) ......................................................................... 112 Restrict Bucket Access (Amazon S3 Only) ........................................................................... 112 Origin Access Identity (Amazon S3 Only) ........................................................................... 113 Comment for New Identity(Amazon S3 Only) ..................................................................... 113 Your Identities (Amazon S3 Only) ..................................................................................... 113 API Version 2016-09-29 iv Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Grant Read Permissions on Bucket (Amazon S3 Only) .......................................................... 113 Price Class..................................................................................................................... 113 Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs) .................................................................................. 113 Logging......................................................................................................................... 114 Bucket for Logs .............................................................................................................. 114 Log Prefix...................................................................................................................... 114 Comment...................................................................................................................... 114 Distribution State........................................................................................................... 114 Restrict Viewer Access (Use Signed URLs) .......................................................................... 115 Trusted Signers.............................................................................................................. 115 AWS Account Numbers .................................................................................................... 115 Values that CloudFront Displays in the Console When You Create or Update an RTMP Distribution ..... 115 Distribution ID................................................................................................................ 116 Status........................................................................................................................... 116 Last Modified................................................................................................................. 116 Domain Name................................................................................................................ 116 Configuring the Media Player ................................................................................................... 116 MPEG Files..................................................................................................................... 117 Using an Amazon S3 Bucket as the Origin for an RTMP Distribution .............................................. 117 Creating Multiple RTMP Distributions for an Origin Server ........................................................... 118 Restricting Access Using Crossdomain.xml .................................................................................. 118 Error Codes for RTMP Distributions ........................................................................................... 118 Troubleshooting RTMP Distributions ......................................................................................... 119 Working with Objects ...................................................................................................................... 120 Format of URLs for CloudFront Objects ..................................................................................... 120 Format of Public URLs for Objects in Amazon S3 ................................................................ 121 Format of Public URLs for Objects in a Custom Origin ......................................................... 121 How Public URLs Affect the Invalidation of Directories ........................................................ 122 Format of Signed URLs ................................................................................................... 122 How CloudFront Processes HTTP and HTTPS Requests ................................................................ 122 Increasing the Proportion of Requests that Are Served from CloudFront Edge Caches...................... 123 Specifying How Long CloudFront Caches Your Objects ........................................................ 123 Caching Based on Query String Parameters ....................................................................... 123 Caching Based on Cookie Values ...................................................................................... 124 Caching Based on Request Headers .................................................................................. 124 Serving Media Content by Using HTTP .............................................................................. 125 Configuring CloudFront to Cache Based on Query String Parameters ............................................. 125 Console and API Settings for Query String Forwarding and Caching ...................................... 127 Optimizing Caching........................................................................................................ 127 Query String Parameters and CloudFront Access Logs ......................................................... 128 Configuring CloudFront to Cache Objects Based on Cookies ......................................................... 128 Configuring CloudFront to Cache Objects Based on Request Headers ............................................. 130 Headers and Web Distributions ........................................................................................ 130 Headers and RTMP Distributions....................................................................................... 134 Forwarding Custom Headers to Your Origin (Web Distributions Only) ............................................ 134 Configuring CloudFront to Forward Custom Headers to Your Origin ...................................... 134 Custom Headers that CloudFront Can't Forward to Your Origin ............................................. 135 Using Custom Headers for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) .......................................... 135 Using Custom Headers to Restrict Access to Your Content on a Custom Origin ........................ 136 Adding, Removing, or Replacing Objects in a Distribution ............................................................ 136 Adding Objects that You Want CloudFront to Distribute ...................................................... 137 Updating Existing Objects Using Versioned Object Names .................................................... 137 Updating Existing Objects Using the Same Object Names .................................................... 137 Specifying How Long Objects Stay in a CloudFront Edge Cache (Expiration) ............................ 138 Invalidating Objects (Web Distributions Only) ..................................................................... 143 Customizing Error Responses ................................................................................................... 149 Creating or Updating a Cache Behavior for Custom Error Pages ............................................ 151 API Version 2016-09-29 v Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Changing Response Codes ............................................................................................... 151 Controlling How Long CloudFront Caches Errors ................................................................. 152 How CloudFront Responds When a Custom Error Page Is Unavailable .................................... 152 Pricing for Custom Error Pages ......................................................................................... 153 Configuring Error Response Behavior ................................................................................ 153 How CloudFront Processes Partial Requests for an Object (Range GETs) ......................................... 154 Specifying a Default Root Object (Web Distributions Only) .......................................................... 155 Serving Compressed Files ........................................................................................................ 157 Using CloudFront to Compress Your Content ...................................................................... 157 Using a Custom Origin to Compress Your Content .............................................................. 160 Request and Response Behavior ....................................................................................................... 161 Request and Response Behavior for Amazon S3 Origins ............................................................... 161 How CloudFront Processes and Forwards Requests to Your Amazon S3 Origin Server ............... 161 How CloudFront Processes Responses from Your Amazon S3 Origin Server ............................. 166 Request and Response Behavior for Custom Origins .................................................................... 167 How CloudFront Processes and Forwards Requests to Your Custom Origin Server .................... 168 How CloudFront Processes Responses from Your Custom Origin Server .................................. 177 How CloudFront Processes HTTP 3xx Status Codes from Your Origin ............................................. 179 How CloudFront Processes and Caches HTTP 4xx and 5xx Status Codes from Your Origin .................. 180 How CloudFront Processes Errors When You Have Configured Custom Error Pages ................... 180 How CloudFront Processes Errors When You Have Not Configured Custom Error Pages ............. 181 HTTP 4xx and 5xx Status Codes that CloudFront Caches ...................................................... 182 Serving Private Content through CloudFront ...................................................................................... 184 Overview of Private Content .................................................................................................... 184 Restricting Access to Objects in CloudFront Edge Caches ..................................................... 185 Restricting Access to Objects in Amazon S3 Buckets ............................................................ 186 Using an HTTP Server for Private Content ................................................................................. 186 Task List: Serving Private Content ............................................................................................. 187 Using an Origin Access Identity to Restrict Access to Your Amazon S3 Content ................................ 188 Creating a CloudFront Origin Access Identity and Adding it to Your Distribution ...................... 189 Granting the Origin Access Identity Permission to Read Objects in Your Amazon S3 Bucket ....... 190 Using an Origin Access Identity in Amazon S3 Regions that Support Only Signature Version 4 Authentication............................................................................................................... 192 Specifying the AWS Accounts That Can Create Signed URLs and Signed Cookies (Trusted Signers) ...... 193 Creating CloudFront Key Pairs for Your Trusted Signers ....................................................... 194 Reformatting the CloudFront Private Key (.NET and Java Only) ............................................. 195 Adding Trusted Signers to Your Distribution ....................................................................... 196 Verifying that Trusted Signers Are Active (Optional) ............................................................ 198 Rotating CloudFront Key Pairs .......................................................................................... 198 Choosing Between Signed URLs and Signed Cookies ................................................................... 200 Using Both Signed URLs and Signed Cookies..................................................................... 200 Using Signed URLs................................................................................................................. 201 Choosing Between Canned and Custom Policies for Signed URLs .......................................... 201 How Signed URLs Work ................................................................................................... 202 Choosing How Long Signed URLs Are Valid ........................................................................ 202 When Does CloudFront Check the Expiration Date and Time in a Signed URL? ......................... 203 Sample Code and Third-Party Tools .................................................................................. 203 Creating a Signed URL Using a Canned Policy .................................................................... 204 Creating a Signed URL Using a Custom Policy .................................................................... 211 Using Signed Cookies.............................................................................................................. 220 Choosing Between Canned and Custom Policies for Signed Cookies ....................................... 220 How Signed Cookies Work ............................................................................................... 220 Preventing Misuse of Signed Cookies ................................................................................ 221 When Does CloudFront Check the Expiration Date and Time in a Signed Cookie? ..................... 222 Sample Code and Third-Party Tools .................................................................................. 222 Setting Signed Cookies Using a Canned Policy ................................................................... 222 Setting Signed Cookies Using a Custom Policy ................................................................... 227 API Version 2016-09-29 vi Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Using a Linux Command and OpenSSL for Base64-Encoding and Encryption .................................. 235 Code Examples for Creating a Signature for a Signed URL ........................................................... 236 Create a URL Signature Using Perl .................................................................................... 236 Create a URL Signature Using PHP ................................................................................... 237 Create a URL Signature Using C# and the .NET Framework ................................................... 239 Create a URL Signature Using Java ................................................................................... 245 Using HTTPS with CloudFront .......................................................................................................... 247 Requiring HTTPS for Communication Between Viewers and CloudFront ......................................... 248 Requiring HTTPS for Communication Between CloudFront and Your Custom Origin ......................... 249 Changing CloudFront Settings .......................................................................................... 249 Installing an SSL/TLS Certificate on Your Custom Origin Server ............................................ 250 Requiring HTTPS for Communication Between CloudFront and Your Amazon S3 Origin .................... 251 Using Alternate Domain Names and HTTPS ............................................................................... 252 Choosing How CloudFront Serves HTTPS Requests ............................................................. 253 Requirements for Using SSL/TLS Certificates with CloudFront .............................................. 254 Limits on Using SSL/TLS Certificates with CloudFront (HTTPS Between Viewers and CloudFront Only)............................................................................................................................. 256 Configuring Alternate Domain Names and HTTPS ............................................................... 257 Determining the Size of the Public Key in an SSL/TLS Certificate .......................................... 261 Increasing the Limit for SSL/TLS Certificates ...................................................................... 261 Rotating SSL/TLS Certificates ........................................................................................... 262 Reverting from a Custom SSL/TLS Certificate to the Default CloudFront Certificate ................. 263 Switching from a Custom SSL/TLS Certificate with Dedicated IP Addresses to SNI ................... 263 Supported Protocols and Ciphers .............................................................................................. 264 Supported SSL/TLS Protocols and Ciphers for Communication Between Viewers and CloudFront..................................................................................................................... 264 Supported SSL/TLS Protocols and Ciphers for Communication Between CloudFront and Your Origin........................................................................................................................... 266 Charges for HTTPS Connections ............................................................................................... 267 Authentication and Access Control .................................................................................................... 268 Authentication....................................................................................................................... 268 Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 269 Overview of Managing Access .................................................................................................. 270 ARNs for CloudFront Resources ........................................................................................ 270 Understanding Resource Ownership .................................................................................. 270 Managing Access to Resources ......................................................................................... 271 Specifying Policy Elements: Resources, Actions, Effects, and Principals ................................... 272 Specifying Conditions in a Policy ...................................................................................... 272 Using IAM Policies for CloudFront ............................................................................................. 273 Permissions Required to Use the CloudFront Console .......................................................... 273 AWS Managed (Predefined) Policies for CloudFront ............................................................. 275 Customer Managed Policy Examples ................................................................................. 275 CloudFront API Permissions Reference ....................................................................................... 278 Required Permissions for Actions on Web Distributions ........................................................ 278 Required Permissions for Actions on RTMP Distributions ...................................................... 279 Required Permissions for Actions on Invalidations ............................................................... 281 Required Permissions for Actions on Origin Access Identities ................................................ 281 Required Permissions for CloudFront Actions Related to Lambda@Edge ................................. 282 Required Permissions for Actions on Tags .......................................................................... 283 Access Logs.................................................................................................................................... 284 How Logging Works ................................................................................................................ 284 Choosing an Amazon S3 Bucket for Your Access Logs .................................................................. 285 Permissions Required to Configure Logging and to Access Your Log Files ....................................... 286 File Name Format ................................................................................................................... 286 Timing of Log File Delivery ...................................................................................................... 287 Analyzing Access Logs ............................................................................................................. 287 Editing Your Logging Settings .................................................................................................. 287 API Version 2016-09-29 vii Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Deleting Log Files from an Amazon S3 Bucket ........................................................................... 288 Log File Format ...................................................................................................................... 288 Web Distribution Log File Format ..................................................................................... 289 RTMP Distribution Log File Format ................................................................................... 295 Charges for Access Logs .......................................................................................................... 297 Monitoring CloudFront Activity Using CloudWatch .............................................................................. 298 Viewing Metrics for a Distribution............................................................................................. 298 Receiving Notifications............................................................................................................ 299 Downloading Data in CSV Format ............................................................................................. 299 Information About the Report .......................................................................................... 300 Data in the CloudWatch Metrics Report ............................................................................. 300 Amazon CloudFront Metrics ..................................................................................................... 301 Dimensions for CloudFront Metrics ........................................................................................... 302 Capturing API Requests with CloudTrail ............................................................................................. 303 CloudFront Information in CloudTrail Log Files ........................................................................... 303 Understanding CloudFront Log File Entries ................................................................................ 304 Tagging Amazon CloudFront Distributions ......................................................................................... 309 Tag Restrictions...................................................................................................................... 310 Adding, Editing, and Deleting Tags for Distributions .................................................................... 310 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................. 311 Troubleshooting Distribution Issues ........................................................................................... 311 I Can't View the Files in My Web Distribution ..................................................................... 311 I Can't View the Files in My RTMP Distribution................................................................... 312 Error Message: Certificate: <certificate-id> Is Being Used by CloudFront ................................. 313 Troubleshooting Error Responses from Your Origin ..................................................................... 313 HTTP 502 Status Code (Bad Gateway) ............................................................................... 313 HTTP 503 Status Code (Service Unavailable) ...................................................................... 315 Troubleshooting Lambda@Edge............................................................................................... 317 Load Testing CloudFront ................................................................................................................. 319 Streaming Tutorials......................................................................................................................... 320 Live Streaming ....................................................................................................................... 320 On-Demand Streaming ............................................................................................................ 320 RTMP Streaming ..................................................................................................................... 320 Live HTTP Streaming Using CloudFront and Adobe Media Server 5.0 ............................................. 320 Overview....................................................................................................................... 321 Steps to Configure Live Streaming .................................................................................... 322 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 322 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 322 Subscribing to Adobe Media Server .................................................................................. 323 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming .................................................. 323 Verifying that Adobe Media Server Is Running .................................................................... 325 Setting Up Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder to Publish a Live Stream .................................... 325 Embedding Strobe Media Playback for an Amazon CloudFront Live HTTP Stream in a Web Application.................................................................................................................... 329 Deleting an AWS CloudFormation Stack and an Amazon EBS Volume for Live Streaming ........... 330 Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 331 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 337 Live Smooth Streaming Using Amazon CloudFront and IIS Media Services 4.1 ................................. 338 Overview of Live Smooth Streaming with Amazon Web Services ........................................... 338 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 339 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 339 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Smooth Streaming ...................................... 340 Verifying that Your Amazon EC2 Windows Server Instance Is Running .................................... 343 Getting Your Windows Password ...................................................................................... 343 Encoding Your Live Stream .............................................................................................. 344 Viewing Your Live Smooth Stream .................................................................................... 344 Deleting Your AWS CloudFormation Live Smooth Streaming Stack ........................................ 345 API Version 2016-09-29 viii Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 345 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 347 Live Streaming with Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 ...................................................................... 348 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 348 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 349 Getting a License for Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 ............................................................. 349 Subscribing to Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 through AWS Marketplace ................................. 349 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming .................................................. 350 Verifying that Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 Is Running ....................................................... 352 Setting Up an Encoder to Publish a Live Stream ................................................................. 352 Playing the Live Stream in a Web Application .................................................................... 353 Deleting an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming .................................................. 354 Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 355 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 356 Live HTTP Streaming Using CloudFront and Any HTTP Origin ....................................................... 358 Creating a New CloudFront Distribution for Live Streaming .................................................. 358 Configuring Web Players to Play the Live Stream ................................................................ 359 (Optional) Deleting an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming ................................... 359 On-Demand Media Streaming with Unified Streaming ................................................................. 359 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 360 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 361 Subscribing to Unified Streaming ..................................................................................... 361 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for On-Demand Streaming ....................................... 362 Verifying that Unified Streaming Server Is Running ............................................................. 364 Uploading Your Media Files to Amazon S3 ......................................................................... 364 Playing the On-Demand Stream In a Test Web Application ................................................... 365 Deleting the AWS CloudFormation Stack and Amazon S3 Bucket for On-Demand Streaming ..... 367 Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 368 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 371 On-Demand Video Streaming Using CloudFront and Adobe Flash Player ........................................ 372 Creating an Amazon S3 Bucket ........................................................................................ 372 Creating CloudFront Web and RTMP Distributions ............................................................... 372 Creating a Flash Project Using Adobe Flash Builder ............................................................. 374 Uploading Media and Flash Builder Files to an Amazon S3 Bucket ......................................... 375 Playing the Media File ..................................................................................................... 376 On-Demand Video Streaming Using CloudFront and Flowplayer for Adobe Flash ............................. 377 Uploading Media and Flowplayer Files to an Amazon S3 Bucket ............................................ 377 Creating CloudFront Web and RTMP Distributions ............................................................... 378 Embedding Video in an HTML Page .................................................................................. 379 On-Demand Video Streaming Using CloudFront and JW Player ..................................................... 382 Uploading Media and JW Player Files to an Amazon S3 Bucket ............................................. 382 Creating CloudFront Web and RTMP Distributions ............................................................... 383 Embedding Video in a Web Page ...................................................................................... 384 Uploading the HTML File and Playing the Video ................................................................. 386 Limits............................................................................................................................................ 387 Resources...................................................................................................................................... 390 Additional Amazon CloudFront Documentation .......................................................................... 390 Getting Support..................................................................................................................... 390 CloudFront Developer Tools and SDKs ....................................................................................... 391 Using CloudFront Logging ....................................................................................................... 391 Additional Tips from the Amazon Web Services Blog ................................................................... 391 Invalidating Objects................................................................................................................ 392 Distributing Streaming Media ................................................................................................... 392 Tools and Code Examples for Configuring Private Content ........................................................... 392 Using CloudFront with a Content Management System ............................................................... 393 Document History.......................................................................................................................... 394 AWS Glossary................................................................................................................................. 407 API Version 2016-09-29 ix Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide What Is Amazon CloudFront? Amazon CloudFront is a web service that speeds up distribution of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .php, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations. When a user requests content that you're serving with CloudFront, the user is routed to the edge location that provides the lowest latency (time delay), so that content is delivered with the best possible performance. If the content is already in the edge location with the lowest latency, CloudFront delivers it immediately. If the content is not in that edge location, CloudFront retrieves it from an Amazon S3 bucket or an HTTP server (for example, a web server) that you have identified as the source for the definitive version of your content. This concept is best illustrated by an example. Suppose you're serving the following image from a traditional web server, not from CloudFront. API Version 2016-09-29 1

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Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide API Version 2016-09-29 Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Amazon CloudFront: Developer Guide Copyright © 2017 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Table of Contents What Is Amazon CloudFront? ............................................................................................................... 1 How CloudFront Delivers Content ................................................................................................ 4 How CloudFront Works with Regional Edge Caches ........................................................................ 6 Locations and IP Address Ranges of CloudFront Edge Servers .......................................................... 7 CloudFront Compliance............................................................................................................... 8 PCI DSS............................................................................................................................ 8 HIPAA............................................................................................................................... 8 Logging CloudFront Usage Data for Auditing ......................................................................... 8 AWS Billing and Usage Reports for CloudFront ...................................................................................... 9 AWS Billing Report for CloudFront ............................................................................................. 11 AWS Usage Report for CloudFront .............................................................................................. 12 Interpreting Your AWS Bill and the AWS Usage Report for CloudFront ............................................. 13 CloudFront Reports.......................................................................................................................... 16 CloudFront Cache Statistics Reports ............................................................................................ 17 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 18 How Cache Statistics Charts Are Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs ........................ 20 CloudFront Popular Objects Report ............................................................................................ 21 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 22 How Data in the Popular Objects Report Is Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs .......... 24 CloudFront Top Referrers Report................................................................................................ 25 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 25 How Data in the Top Referrers Report Is Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs .............. 26 CloudFront Usage Reports......................................................................................................... 27 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 28 How the Usage Charts Are Related to Data in the CloudFront Usage Report ............................. 30 CloudFront Viewers Reports....................................................................................................... 31 Displaying Viewers Charts and Reports ............................................................................... 32 Downloading Data in CSV Format ...................................................................................... 33 How Data in the Locations Report Is Related to Data in the CloudFront Access Logs ................... 38 Getting Started ................................................................................................................................ 40 Step 1: Sign up for Amazon Web Services ................................................................................... 40 Step 2: Upload your content to Amazon S3 and grant object permissions ........................................ 40 Step 3: Create a CloudFront Web Distribution .............................................................................. 42 Step 4: Test your links .............................................................................................................. 47 Working with Distributions................................................................................................................ 48 Overview of Web and RTMP Distributions ................................................................................... 49 Web Distributions............................................................................................................. 49 RTMP Distributions........................................................................................................... 50 Creating Web and RTMP Distributions......................................................................................... 50 Listing, Viewing, and Updating CloudFront Distributions ................................................................ 50 Deleting a Distribution.............................................................................................................. 51 Using Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs)................................................................................... 52 Using the * Wildcard in Alternate Domain Names ................................................................. 52 Restrictions on Using Alternate Domain Names .................................................................... 53 Adding an Alternate Domain Name .................................................................................... 54 Choosing the Price Class for a CloudFront Distribution .................................................................. 56 Using CloudFront with Amazon S3 ............................................................................................. 57 Adding CloudFront When You're Distributing Content from Amazon S3 ................................... 57 Moving an Amazon S3 Bucket to a Different Region ............................................................. 58 Changes to the CloudFront API .................................................................................................. 59 Working with Web Distributions ......................................................................................................... 60 Task List for Creating a Web Distribution .................................................................................... 60 Creating or Updating a Web Distribution Using the CloudFront Console ........................................... 61 Testing Your Web Distribution .................................................................................................... 62 API Version 2016-09-29 iii Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Using Amazon S3 Origins and Custom Origins for Web Distributions ............................................... 63 Using Amazon S3 Buckets for Your Origin ........................................................................... 63 Using Amazon EC2 or Other Custom Origins ........................................................................ 64 Values That You Specify When You Create or Update a Web Distribution ......................................... 64 Delivery Method ............................................................................................................... 66 Origin Settings................................................................................................................. 66 Cache Behavior Settings .................................................................................................... 71 Distribution Details........................................................................................................... 78 Custom Error Pages and Error Caching ................................................................................ 83 Restrictions...................................................................................................................... 84 Values that CloudFront Displays in the Console When You Create or Update a Web Distribution ........... 85 Distribution ID (General Tab) .............................................................................................. 85 Distribution Status (General Tab) ........................................................................................ 85 Last Modified (General Tab) ............................................................................................... 85 Domain Name (General Tab) .............................................................................................. 85 Requirements and Recommendations for Using Amazon EC2 and Other Custom Origins .................... 86 Using AWS WAF to Control Access to Your Content ...................................................................... 86 Restricting the Geographic Distribution of Your Content ................................................................ 87 Using CloudFront Geo Restriction ....................................................................................... 87 Using a Third-Party Geolocation Service .............................................................................. 89 Configuring On-Demand Smooth Streaming ................................................................................ 90 Configuring On-Demand Progressive Downloads.......................................................................... 91 Configuring On-Demand Apple HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) ........................................................... 91 Using CloudFront with Lambda@Edge................................................................................................ 92 CloudFront Events That Can Trigger a Lambda Function ................................................................ 93 How You Decide Which CloudFront Event to Use to Trigger a Lambda Function ................................ 94 Requirements and Restrictions on Lambda Functions.................................................................... 95 Creating Lambda Functions and Adding Triggers .......................................................................... 96 Creating Lambda Functions (Console) ................................................................................. 96 Adding Triggers for CloudFront Events to a Lambda Function ................................................. 97 Event Structure........................................................................................................................ 98 Request Event.................................................................................................................. 98 Response Event................................................................................................................ 99 Header Restrictions................................................................................................................. 100 Blacklisted Headers......................................................................................................... 100 Read-only Headers.......................................................................................................... 101 Restricted Headers for CloudFront Origin Request Events .................................................... 102 Generating HTTP Responses .................................................................................................... 103 Programming Model ....................................................................................................... 103 CloudWatch Metrics and CloudWatch Logs for Lambda Functions ................................................. 104 CloudWatch Metrics........................................................................................................ 104 CloudWatch Logs............................................................................................................ 104 Example Functions.................................................................................................................. 104 Example: A/B Testing ...................................................................................................... 105 Example: Overriding a Response Header ............................................................................ 106 Example: Serving Static Content (Generated Response) ....................................................... 106 Example: Generating an HTTP Redirect (Generated Response) .............................................. 107 Working with RTMP Distributions ..................................................................................................... 108 How RTMP Distributions Work ................................................................................................. 108 Task List for Streaming Media Files Using RTMP ......................................................................... 110 Creating an RTMP Distribution Using the CloudFront Console ....................................................... 111 Values that You Specify When You Create or Update an RTMP Distribution ..................................... 111 Origin Domain Name (Amazon S3 Bucket) ......................................................................... 112 Restrict Bucket Access (Amazon S3 Only) ........................................................................... 112 Origin Access Identity (Amazon S3 Only) ........................................................................... 113 Comment for New Identity(Amazon S3 Only) ..................................................................... 113 Your Identities (Amazon S3 Only) ..................................................................................... 113 API Version 2016-09-29 iv Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Grant Read Permissions on Bucket (Amazon S3 Only) .......................................................... 113 Price Class..................................................................................................................... 113 Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs) .................................................................................. 113 Logging......................................................................................................................... 114 Bucket for Logs .............................................................................................................. 114 Log Prefix...................................................................................................................... 114 Comment...................................................................................................................... 114 Distribution State........................................................................................................... 114 Restrict Viewer Access (Use Signed URLs) .......................................................................... 115 Trusted Signers.............................................................................................................. 115 AWS Account Numbers .................................................................................................... 115 Values that CloudFront Displays in the Console When You Create or Update an RTMP Distribution ..... 115 Distribution ID................................................................................................................ 116 Status........................................................................................................................... 116 Last Modified................................................................................................................. 116 Domain Name................................................................................................................ 116 Configuring the Media Player ................................................................................................... 116 MPEG Files..................................................................................................................... 117 Using an Amazon S3 Bucket as the Origin for an RTMP Distribution .............................................. 117 Creating Multiple RTMP Distributions for an Origin Server ........................................................... 118 Restricting Access Using Crossdomain.xml .................................................................................. 118 Error Codes for RTMP Distributions ........................................................................................... 118 Troubleshooting RTMP Distributions ......................................................................................... 119 Working with Objects ...................................................................................................................... 120 Format of URLs for CloudFront Objects ..................................................................................... 120 Format of Public URLs for Objects in Amazon S3 ................................................................ 121 Format of Public URLs for Objects in a Custom Origin ......................................................... 121 How Public URLs Affect the Invalidation of Directories ........................................................ 122 Format of Signed URLs ................................................................................................... 122 How CloudFront Processes HTTP and HTTPS Requests ................................................................ 122 Increasing the Proportion of Requests that Are Served from CloudFront Edge Caches...................... 123 Specifying How Long CloudFront Caches Your Objects ........................................................ 123 Caching Based on Query String Parameters ....................................................................... 123 Caching Based on Cookie Values ...................................................................................... 124 Caching Based on Request Headers .................................................................................. 124 Serving Media Content by Using HTTP .............................................................................. 125 Configuring CloudFront to Cache Based on Query String Parameters ............................................. 125 Console and API Settings for Query String Forwarding and Caching ...................................... 127 Optimizing Caching........................................................................................................ 127 Query String Parameters and CloudFront Access Logs ......................................................... 128 Configuring CloudFront to Cache Objects Based on Cookies ......................................................... 128 Configuring CloudFront to Cache Objects Based on Request Headers ............................................. 130 Headers and Web Distributions ........................................................................................ 130 Headers and RTMP Distributions....................................................................................... 134 Forwarding Custom Headers to Your Origin (Web Distributions Only) ............................................ 134 Configuring CloudFront to Forward Custom Headers to Your Origin ...................................... 134 Custom Headers that CloudFront Can't Forward to Your Origin ............................................. 135 Using Custom Headers for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) .......................................... 135 Using Custom Headers to Restrict Access to Your Content on a Custom Origin ........................ 136 Adding, Removing, or Replacing Objects in a Distribution ............................................................ 136 Adding Objects that You Want CloudFront to Distribute ...................................................... 137 Updating Existing Objects Using Versioned Object Names .................................................... 137 Updating Existing Objects Using the Same Object Names .................................................... 137 Specifying How Long Objects Stay in a CloudFront Edge Cache (Expiration) ............................ 138 Invalidating Objects (Web Distributions Only) ..................................................................... 143 Customizing Error Responses ................................................................................................... 149 Creating or Updating a Cache Behavior for Custom Error Pages ............................................ 151 API Version 2016-09-29 v Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Changing Response Codes ............................................................................................... 151 Controlling How Long CloudFront Caches Errors ................................................................. 152 How CloudFront Responds When a Custom Error Page Is Unavailable .................................... 152 Pricing for Custom Error Pages ......................................................................................... 153 Configuring Error Response Behavior ................................................................................ 153 How CloudFront Processes Partial Requests for an Object (Range GETs) ......................................... 154 Specifying a Default Root Object (Web Distributions Only) .......................................................... 155 Serving Compressed Files ........................................................................................................ 157 Using CloudFront to Compress Your Content ...................................................................... 157 Using a Custom Origin to Compress Your Content .............................................................. 160 Request and Response Behavior ....................................................................................................... 161 Request and Response Behavior for Amazon S3 Origins ............................................................... 161 How CloudFront Processes and Forwards Requests to Your Amazon S3 Origin Server ............... 161 How CloudFront Processes Responses from Your Amazon S3 Origin Server ............................. 166 Request and Response Behavior for Custom Origins .................................................................... 167 How CloudFront Processes and Forwards Requests to Your Custom Origin Server .................... 168 How CloudFront Processes Responses from Your Custom Origin Server .................................. 177 How CloudFront Processes HTTP 3xx Status Codes from Your Origin ............................................. 179 How CloudFront Processes and Caches HTTP 4xx and 5xx Status Codes from Your Origin .................. 180 How CloudFront Processes Errors When You Have Configured Custom Error Pages ................... 180 How CloudFront Processes Errors When You Have Not Configured Custom Error Pages ............. 181 HTTP 4xx and 5xx Status Codes that CloudFront Caches ...................................................... 182 Serving Private Content through CloudFront ...................................................................................... 184 Overview of Private Content .................................................................................................... 184 Restricting Access to Objects in CloudFront Edge Caches ..................................................... 185 Restricting Access to Objects in Amazon S3 Buckets ............................................................ 186 Using an HTTP Server for Private Content ................................................................................. 186 Task List: Serving Private Content ............................................................................................. 187 Using an Origin Access Identity to Restrict Access to Your Amazon S3 Content ................................ 188 Creating a CloudFront Origin Access Identity and Adding it to Your Distribution ...................... 189 Granting the Origin Access Identity Permission to Read Objects in Your Amazon S3 Bucket ....... 190 Using an Origin Access Identity in Amazon S3 Regions that Support Only Signature Version 4 Authentication............................................................................................................... 192 Specifying the AWS Accounts That Can Create Signed URLs and Signed Cookies (Trusted Signers) ...... 193 Creating CloudFront Key Pairs for Your Trusted Signers ....................................................... 194 Reformatting the CloudFront Private Key (.NET and Java Only) ............................................. 195 Adding Trusted Signers to Your Distribution ....................................................................... 196 Verifying that Trusted Signers Are Active (Optional) ............................................................ 198 Rotating CloudFront Key Pairs .......................................................................................... 198 Choosing Between Signed URLs and Signed Cookies ................................................................... 200 Using Both Signed URLs and Signed Cookies..................................................................... 200 Using Signed URLs................................................................................................................. 201 Choosing Between Canned and Custom Policies for Signed URLs .......................................... 201 How Signed URLs Work ................................................................................................... 202 Choosing How Long Signed URLs Are Valid ........................................................................ 202 When Does CloudFront Check the Expiration Date and Time in a Signed URL? ......................... 203 Sample Code and Third-Party Tools .................................................................................. 203 Creating a Signed URL Using a Canned Policy .................................................................... 204 Creating a Signed URL Using a Custom Policy .................................................................... 211 Using Signed Cookies.............................................................................................................. 220 Choosing Between Canned and Custom Policies for Signed Cookies ....................................... 220 How Signed Cookies Work ............................................................................................... 220 Preventing Misuse of Signed Cookies ................................................................................ 221 When Does CloudFront Check the Expiration Date and Time in a Signed Cookie? ..................... 222 Sample Code and Third-Party Tools .................................................................................. 222 Setting Signed Cookies Using a Canned Policy ................................................................... 222 Setting Signed Cookies Using a Custom Policy ................................................................... 227 API Version 2016-09-29 vi Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Using a Linux Command and OpenSSL for Base64-Encoding and Encryption .................................. 235 Code Examples for Creating a Signature for a Signed URL ........................................................... 236 Create a URL Signature Using Perl .................................................................................... 236 Create a URL Signature Using PHP ................................................................................... 237 Create a URL Signature Using C# and the .NET Framework ................................................... 239 Create a URL Signature Using Java ................................................................................... 245 Using HTTPS with CloudFront .......................................................................................................... 247 Requiring HTTPS for Communication Between Viewers and CloudFront ......................................... 248 Requiring HTTPS for Communication Between CloudFront and Your Custom Origin ......................... 249 Changing CloudFront Settings .......................................................................................... 249 Installing an SSL/TLS Certificate on Your Custom Origin Server ............................................ 250 Requiring HTTPS for Communication Between CloudFront and Your Amazon S3 Origin .................... 251 Using Alternate Domain Names and HTTPS ............................................................................... 252 Choosing How CloudFront Serves HTTPS Requests ............................................................. 253 Requirements for Using SSL/TLS Certificates with CloudFront .............................................. 254 Limits on Using SSL/TLS Certificates with CloudFront (HTTPS Between Viewers and CloudFront Only)............................................................................................................................. 256 Configuring Alternate Domain Names and HTTPS ............................................................... 257 Determining the Size of the Public Key in an SSL/TLS Certificate .......................................... 261 Increasing the Limit for SSL/TLS Certificates ...................................................................... 261 Rotating SSL/TLS Certificates ........................................................................................... 262 Reverting from a Custom SSL/TLS Certificate to the Default CloudFront Certificate ................. 263 Switching from a Custom SSL/TLS Certificate with Dedicated IP Addresses to SNI ................... 263 Supported Protocols and Ciphers .............................................................................................. 264 Supported SSL/TLS Protocols and Ciphers for Communication Between Viewers and CloudFront..................................................................................................................... 264 Supported SSL/TLS Protocols and Ciphers for Communication Between CloudFront and Your Origin........................................................................................................................... 266 Charges for HTTPS Connections ............................................................................................... 267 Authentication and Access Control .................................................................................................... 268 Authentication....................................................................................................................... 268 Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 269 Overview of Managing Access .................................................................................................. 270 ARNs for CloudFront Resources ........................................................................................ 270 Understanding Resource Ownership .................................................................................. 270 Managing Access to Resources ......................................................................................... 271 Specifying Policy Elements: Resources, Actions, Effects, and Principals ................................... 272 Specifying Conditions in a Policy ...................................................................................... 272 Using IAM Policies for CloudFront ............................................................................................. 273 Permissions Required to Use the CloudFront Console .......................................................... 273 AWS Managed (Predefined) Policies for CloudFront ............................................................. 275 Customer Managed Policy Examples ................................................................................. 275 CloudFront API Permissions Reference ....................................................................................... 278 Required Permissions for Actions on Web Distributions ........................................................ 278 Required Permissions for Actions on RTMP Distributions ...................................................... 279 Required Permissions for Actions on Invalidations ............................................................... 281 Required Permissions for Actions on Origin Access Identities ................................................ 281 Required Permissions for CloudFront Actions Related to Lambda@Edge ................................. 282 Required Permissions for Actions on Tags .......................................................................... 283 Access Logs.................................................................................................................................... 284 How Logging Works ................................................................................................................ 284 Choosing an Amazon S3 Bucket for Your Access Logs .................................................................. 285 Permissions Required to Configure Logging and to Access Your Log Files ....................................... 286 File Name Format ................................................................................................................... 286 Timing of Log File Delivery ...................................................................................................... 287 Analyzing Access Logs ............................................................................................................. 287 Editing Your Logging Settings .................................................................................................. 287 API Version 2016-09-29 vii Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Deleting Log Files from an Amazon S3 Bucket ........................................................................... 288 Log File Format ...................................................................................................................... 288 Web Distribution Log File Format ..................................................................................... 289 RTMP Distribution Log File Format ................................................................................... 295 Charges for Access Logs .......................................................................................................... 297 Monitoring CloudFront Activity Using CloudWatch .............................................................................. 298 Viewing Metrics for a Distribution............................................................................................. 298 Receiving Notifications............................................................................................................ 299 Downloading Data in CSV Format ............................................................................................. 299 Information About the Report .......................................................................................... 300 Data in the CloudWatch Metrics Report ............................................................................. 300 Amazon CloudFront Metrics ..................................................................................................... 301 Dimensions for CloudFront Metrics ........................................................................................... 302 Capturing API Requests with CloudTrail ............................................................................................. 303 CloudFront Information in CloudTrail Log Files ........................................................................... 303 Understanding CloudFront Log File Entries ................................................................................ 304 Tagging Amazon CloudFront Distributions ......................................................................................... 309 Tag Restrictions...................................................................................................................... 310 Adding, Editing, and Deleting Tags for Distributions .................................................................... 310 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................. 311 Troubleshooting Distribution Issues ........................................................................................... 311 I Can't View the Files in My Web Distribution ..................................................................... 311 I Can't View the Files in My RTMP Distribution................................................................... 312 Error Message: Certificate: <certificate-id> Is Being Used by CloudFront ................................. 313 Troubleshooting Error Responses from Your Origin ..................................................................... 313 HTTP 502 Status Code (Bad Gateway) ............................................................................... 313 HTTP 503 Status Code (Service Unavailable) ...................................................................... 315 Troubleshooting Lambda@Edge............................................................................................... 317 Load Testing CloudFront ................................................................................................................. 319 Streaming Tutorials......................................................................................................................... 320 Live Streaming ....................................................................................................................... 320 On-Demand Streaming ............................................................................................................ 320 RTMP Streaming ..................................................................................................................... 320 Live HTTP Streaming Using CloudFront and Adobe Media Server 5.0 ............................................. 320 Overview....................................................................................................................... 321 Steps to Configure Live Streaming .................................................................................... 322 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 322 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 322 Subscribing to Adobe Media Server .................................................................................. 323 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming .................................................. 323 Verifying that Adobe Media Server Is Running .................................................................... 325 Setting Up Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder to Publish a Live Stream .................................... 325 Embedding Strobe Media Playback for an Amazon CloudFront Live HTTP Stream in a Web Application.................................................................................................................... 329 Deleting an AWS CloudFormation Stack and an Amazon EBS Volume for Live Streaming ........... 330 Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 331 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 337 Live Smooth Streaming Using Amazon CloudFront and IIS Media Services 4.1 ................................. 338 Overview of Live Smooth Streaming with Amazon Web Services ........................................... 338 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 339 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 339 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Smooth Streaming ...................................... 340 Verifying that Your Amazon EC2 Windows Server Instance Is Running .................................... 343 Getting Your Windows Password ...................................................................................... 343 Encoding Your Live Stream .............................................................................................. 344 Viewing Your Live Smooth Stream .................................................................................... 344 Deleting Your AWS CloudFormation Live Smooth Streaming Stack ........................................ 345 API Version 2016-09-29 viii Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 345 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 347 Live Streaming with Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 ...................................................................... 348 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 348 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 349 Getting a License for Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 ............................................................. 349 Subscribing to Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 through AWS Marketplace ................................. 349 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming .................................................. 350 Verifying that Wowza Streaming Engine 4.2 Is Running ....................................................... 352 Setting Up an Encoder to Publish a Live Stream ................................................................. 352 Playing the Live Stream in a Web Application .................................................................... 353 Deleting an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming .................................................. 354 Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 355 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 356 Live HTTP Streaming Using CloudFront and Any HTTP Origin ....................................................... 358 Creating a New CloudFront Distribution for Live Streaming .................................................. 358 Configuring Web Players to Play the Live Stream ................................................................ 359 (Optional) Deleting an AWS CloudFormation Stack for Live Streaming ................................... 359 On-Demand Media Streaming with Unified Streaming ................................................................. 359 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account ........................................................................ 360 Creating an Amazon EC2 Key Pair ..................................................................................... 361 Subscribing to Unified Streaming ..................................................................................... 361 Creating an AWS CloudFormation Stack for On-Demand Streaming ....................................... 362 Verifying that Unified Streaming Server Is Running ............................................................. 364 Uploading Your Media Files to Amazon S3 ......................................................................... 364 Playing the On-Demand Stream In a Test Web Application ................................................... 365 Deleting the AWS CloudFormation Stack and Amazon S3 Bucket for On-Demand Streaming ..... 367 Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................. 368 Additional Documentation............................................................................................... 371 On-Demand Video Streaming Using CloudFront and Adobe Flash Player ........................................ 372 Creating an Amazon S3 Bucket ........................................................................................ 372 Creating CloudFront Web and RTMP Distributions ............................................................... 372 Creating a Flash Project Using Adobe Flash Builder ............................................................. 374 Uploading Media and Flash Builder Files to an Amazon S3 Bucket ......................................... 375 Playing the Media File ..................................................................................................... 376 On-Demand Video Streaming Using CloudFront and Flowplayer for Adobe Flash ............................. 377 Uploading Media and Flowplayer Files to an Amazon S3 Bucket ............................................ 377 Creating CloudFront Web and RTMP Distributions ............................................................... 378 Embedding Video in an HTML Page .................................................................................. 379 On-Demand Video Streaming Using CloudFront and JW Player ..................................................... 382 Uploading Media and JW Player Files to an Amazon S3 Bucket ............................................. 382 Creating CloudFront Web and RTMP Distributions ............................................................... 383 Embedding Video in a Web Page ...................................................................................... 384 Uploading the HTML File and Playing the Video ................................................................. 386 Limits............................................................................................................................................ 387 Resources...................................................................................................................................... 390 Additional Amazon CloudFront Documentation .......................................................................... 390 Getting Support..................................................................................................................... 390 CloudFront Developer Tools and SDKs ....................................................................................... 391 Using CloudFront Logging ....................................................................................................... 391 Additional Tips from the Amazon Web Services Blog ................................................................... 391 Invalidating Objects................................................................................................................ 392 Distributing Streaming Media ................................................................................................... 392 Tools and Code Examples for Configuring Private Content ........................................................... 392 Using CloudFront with a Content Management System ............................................................... 393 Document History.......................................................................................................................... 394 AWS Glossary................................................................................................................................. 407 API Version 2016-09-29 ix Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide What Is Amazon CloudFront? Amazon CloudFront is a web service that speeds up distribution of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .php, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations. When a user requests content that you're serving with CloudFront, the user is routed to the edge location that provides the lowest latency (time delay), so that content is delivered with the best possible performance. If the content is already in the edge location with the lowest latency, CloudFront delivers it immediately. If the content is not in that edge location, CloudFront retrieves it from an Amazon S3 bucket or an HTTP server (for example, a web server) that you have identified as the source for the definitive version of your content. This concept is best illustrated by an example. Suppose you're serving the following image from a traditional web server, not from CloudFront. API Version 2016-09-29 1

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