AM Envelope / The potential of Additive Manufacturing for façade construction

278 Pages·2012·7.34 MB·English

by  Holger Strauß

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AM Envelope
The potential of Additive Manufacturing for façade construction
Holger Strauß
01
Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, 2013
Architectural Engineering + Technology department
TUD-XXX-Proefschrift#7-HolgerStrauss-OS-LosseRug.indd 1-3 12-12-12 15:24

AM Envelope
The potential of Additive Manufacturing for façade construction
Holger Strauß
Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture,
Architectural Engineering + Technology department
i
i
AM Envelope
The potential of Additive Manufacturing for façade construction
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aan de Technische Universiteit Delft,
op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben,
voorzitter van het College voor Promoties,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 14 januari 2013 om 12:30 uur
door HOLGER STRAUSS
Diplomingenieur für Architektur (FH), Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Detmold
geboren te Wuppertal, Duitsland
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Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Knaack
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Techen
Samenstelling promotiecommissie:
Rector Magnificus, Voorzitter
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Knaack, Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Techen, Fachhochschule Frankfurt, promotor
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Pottgiesser, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Detmold
Prof. dr.-ir. A.C.J.M. Eekhout, Technische Universiteit Delft
Prof. dr.ir. N. Hopkinson, University of Sheffield
Prof. dr.ir. J.C. Paul, Technische Universiteit Delft
Prof. ir. R. Nijse, Technische Universiteit Delft, Reservelid
abe.tudelft.nl
Design: Sirene Ontwerpers, Rotterdam
ISBN 978-1481214339
ISSN 2212-3202
© 2013 Holger Strauß
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Contents (concise)
Abstract 7
1 Introduction 17
2 AM technologies for façade construction 29
3 Toward AM Envelopes 95
4 Use and application of AM in façade technology 137
5 Conclusion 179
6 Summary 193
55 Contents (concise) i
6 AM Envelope i
Abstract
The continuous development of the building envelope over the past hundred years can
be exemplified by a few ground-breaking inventions. Firstly, the separation of primary
and secondary structure during the beginning of the 20th century; by implementing
a curtain wall façade to physically separate the façade from the building. This was
followed by the development of double façades and a growing technologisation and
use of the building envelope for building services and climate devices. Hereby the
development of the ‘Polyvalent Wall’ by Mike Davies at the beginning of the 1980ies
was a notable vision that formulated part of the building envelope as an active skin.
The realisation of such a concept of a compact building envelope that encompasses all
necessary supply units and building services in a very slender and integrated way has
still not been accomplished.
This vision has been followed by many technical developments; the latest being based
on decentralised building services that are inseparably connected to the façade. But
in spite of all these efforts, even forty years after Mike Davies‘ vision we are far from
their realisation. Therefore, realising a ‘dynamic building envelope’ is a goal yet to be
achieved.
One technology to materialise this desire is Additive Manufacturing (AM): Layered
production of parts from a 3D file. Over the past twenty years this technology has
evolved from a support tool for product development into an independent production
method.
The term ‘AM Envelope’ (Additive Manufacturing Envelope) describes the transfer of
this technology to the building envelope. Additive Fabrication is a building block that
aids in developing the building envelope from a mere space enclosure to a dynamic
building envelope. AM Envelope is an approach to this evolutionary step with the AM
technology. This is exemplarily concretised and illustrated with building components
for a post-beam façade, and then transferred to façade development over the next
thirty years.
This dissertation shows the potential of the additive methods for the development of
façade construction: Additive methods change the way we design, build and produce
building envelopes.
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