Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: Strategies for Research and Development

687 Pages·1986·42.09 MB·English

by  I. Hertman (auth.)

ALZHEIMER'S AND
PARKINSON'S
DISEASES
Strategies for Research and Development
ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
Jan Bures Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czechoslovakia
Irwin Kopin National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Bruce McEwen Rockefeller University, New York, New York
James McGaugh University of California, Irvine, California
Karl Pribram Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
Jay Rosenblatt Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
Lawrence Weiskrantz University of Oxford, Oxford, England
Recent Volumes in this Series
Volume 1 7 ENVIRONMENTS AS THERAPY FOR BRAIN DYSFUNCTION
Edited by Roger N. Walsh and William T. Greenough
Volume 18 NEURAL CONTROL OF LOCOMOTION
Edited by Richard M. Herman, Sten Grillner, Paul S. G. Stein,
and Douglas G. Stuart
Volume 19 THE BIOLOGY OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC PROCESS
Edited by Stewart Wolf and Beatrice Bishop Berle
Volume 20 THE SEPTAL NUCLEI
Edited by Jon F. DeFrance
Volume 21 COCAINE AND OTHER STIMULANTS
Edited by Everett H. Ellinwood, Jr. and M. Marlyne Kilbey
Volume 22 DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES OF DRUGS
Edited by Harbans Lal
Volume 23 THE AGING BRAIN AND SENILE DEMENTIA
Edited by Kalidas Nandy and Ira Sherwin
Volume 24 CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Edited by Donald J. Jenden
Volume 25 CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS: Phylogenetic Aspects, Central and
Peripheral Synapses, and Clinical Significance
Edited by Giancarlo Pepeu and Herbert Ladinsky
Volume 26 CONDITIONING: Representation of Involved Neural Functions
Edited by Charles D. Woody
Volume 27 THE BASAL GANGLIA: Structure and Function
Edited by John S. McKenzie, Robert E. Kemm,
and Lynette N. Wilcock,
Volume 28 BRAIN PLASTICITY, LEARNING, AND MEMORY
Edited by B. E. Will, P. Schmitt, and
J. C. Dalrymple-Alford
Volume 29 ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASES: Strategies
for Research and Development
Edited by Abraham Fisher, Israel Hanin, and Chaim Lachman
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each
new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For fur
ther information please contact the publisher.
ALZHEIMER'S AND
PARKINSON'S
DISEASES
Strategies for Research and Development
Edited by
Abraham Fisher
/sraellnstitute for Biological Research
Ness-Zlona, Israel
Israel Hanin
Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
and
Chaim Lachman
Israel Institute for Biological Research
Ness-Zlona, Israel
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
OHOlO Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's and Other
Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders (1985: Eila~ Israel)
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
(Advances in behavioral biology; v. 29)
"Proceedings of the thirtieth OHOlO Conference on Basic and .Therapeutic
Strategies in Alzheimer's and Other Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders, held in March
24-27, 1985, in Eilat,lsrael"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Parkinsonism-Congresses. 2. Alzheimer's disease-Congresses; I. Fisher,
Abraham. II. Hanin, Israel. III. Lachman, Chaim. IV. Title. V. Series. [DNlM: 1.
Alzheimer's Disease-congresses. 2. Parkinson Disease-congresses. WM 220 038
1985a)
RC382.047 1985 616.8'3 85-32056
ISBN-13:978-1-4612-9283-8 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4613-2179-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2179-8
First Printing-July 1986
Second Printing-November 1987
Proceedings of the thirtieth OHOlO Conference on Basic and
Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's and Other Related
Neuropsychiatric Disorders, held March 24-27, 1985, in
Eilat, Israel
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
OHOLO BIOLOGICAL CONFERENCES COMMITTEE
Permanent Committee:
S. Cohen, M. Feldman, N. Grossowicz, I. Hertman
A. Keynan, A. Kohn, M. Sela, and G.A. Simon
Scientific organizing Committee (30th Conference):
A. Fisher (Chairman), s. Cohen, I. Hanin, C. Lachman,
A. Levy, M. Segal, and M. Weinstock-Rozin
Technical Management:
R. Pniel and M. Navon
Secretary:
Ilana Turner
PREFACE
This book is the outcome of an international conference, held at the
Aviya Sonesta Hotel in Eilat, Israel, on March 24-27, 1985. This was the
30th in a series of the annual OHOLO Conferences, sponsored by the Israel
Institute for Biological Research.
Participants in this Conference consisted of scientists from four
teen countries; represented a broad spectrum of research interests; and
included a well-balanced representation from academia, clinical institutions
and pharmaceutical industry. The book includes talks, poster sessions,
and a comprehensive general discussion, all from the proceedings of this
conference.
In the interest of assuring a rapid publication of the novel infor
mation reviewed, this book has been prepared in camera-ready format. We
are cognizant of the fact that several typographical errors may exist in
the text, and that there are variations in style and typeface of the var
ious chapters. This, we felt, was a reasonable compromise for the sake of
speed and efficient transmission of valuable scientific information. No
body is perfect .••••
The success of the conference, and hence the quality of this book
are attributable to the extensive efforts of a large number of extremely
capable individuals. These include members of the Scientific Organizing
Committee, and the Technical staff of the OHOLO Organization. Of course,
the conference could not have succeeded without the high quality of the
presentations, and the enthusiastic participation of the contributing
scientists.
This book should serve as a valuable resource of information regarding
current research in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. It spans a broad
spectrum of topics, and bridges preclinical with clinical concepts related
to these desease$ states. It reviews old material, emphasizes new findings,
and poses important questions which have yet to be answered. As such, it
will hopefully be a valuable addition to the libraries of many students of
these two crippling disease entities.
Abraham Fisher
Israel Hanin
Chaim Lachman
~i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Organizing Committee of the 30th OHOLO Conference gratefully ack
nowledges the generous support of the following organizations (in alpha
betical order):
American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, N.Y. U.S.A.
Astra Lakemedel AB, Sodertalje, Sweden
Boehringer Ingelheim KG, Ingelheim/Rhein, Germany
Center of Brain Sciences & Metabolism Charitalbe Trust, U.S.A.
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, DE, U.S.A.
Fidia Research Laboratories, Abano Terme, Italy
Glaxo, London, England
Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc., Somerville, NJ, U.S.A.
Hoffman-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ, U.S.A.
The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Israel
Kopel Tours - Conventions Ltd., Tel-Aviv, Israel
Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, U.S.A.
Ministry of Science and Development, Israel
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
National Council for Research and Development, Israel
Pharmacaps, Elizabeth, NJ, U.S.A.
Research Biochemical Inc., Wayland, MA, U.S.A.
Rhone-Poulenc Sante, Paris, France
Dr. R.H. Rogge, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A.
Sandoz Ltd., Basle, Switzerland
Snow Brand, Tokyo, Japan
Stuart Pharmaceuticals, Division of ICI Americas, Inc.,
Wilmington, DE, U• . s .A.
Technad Inc., Belleville, NJ, U.S.A.
The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI, U.S.A.
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
ix
CONTENTS
Welcoming Address 1
I. Hertman
ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE:
ANATOMICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND
BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS
Cholinergic Systems in the Brain and Spinal Cord:
Anatomic Organization and OVerview of Functions 5
L.L. Butcher and N.J. Woolf
Histopathology of the Basal Forebrain and Its Targets
in Alzheimer Dementia 17
R.W. Jacobs and L.L. Butcher
Clinical, Pathological and Biochemical Aspects of
Alzheimer's Disease •• • • • . • • • • • 25
H.M. Wisniewski
Molecular Properties of Paired Helical Filaments and
Senile Plaque Amyloid Fibers in Alzheimer's Disease 37
D.J. Se1koe, C. Abraham, and C.G. Rasool
Structural and Chemical Aspects of Cortical Pathology
in Alzheimer's Disease 43
J. Edwardson, R. Perry, J. Candy, A. Oakley, and E. Perry
Cholinergic and Non-Cholinergic Neurotransmitter Hypotheses
for Alzheimer's Disease •••.••. 53
D.M. Bowen, P.T. Francis, and A.M. Palmer
Brain Topochemistry of Cholinergic and Monoaminergic
Parameters in Alzheimer's Disease 63
B. Winblad, R. Adolfsson, A. Nordberg, and P. Nyberg
T,he "Autocannibalism" of Choline-Containing Membrane Phospholipids
in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. • • • • . • •• 69
R.J. Wurtman, J.K. Blusztajn, and J.-C. Maire
Trophic Factors and Neurologic Disease • • • 75
S.H. Appel, Y. Tomozawa, and R. Bostwick
Neuronal Loss and Neurotransmitter Receptor Alterations
in Alzheimer's Disease ••••••••••••• 85
P.J. Whitehouse
xi
Brain Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptors in Normal
Aging and Dementia • • • • • • • • • 95
A. Nordberg and B. Winblad
Examination of Cholinergic and Neuropeptide Receptor Alterations
in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (SDAT) 109
K. Gulya, M. Watson, T.W. Vickroy, W.R. Roeske, R. Perry,
E. Perry, S.P. Duckles, and H.I. Yamamura
Quantitative Autoradiography and Histochemistry in the
Human Brain Post Mortem • • ••••••• 117
A. Biegon and M. Wolff
Increased Vasopressin Production in Senescence and
Dementia Due to Kidney Changes • • • • • . • 121
R. Ravid, D.F. Swaab, E. Fliers, and J.E. Hoogendijk
CLINICAL ASPECTS AND NONINVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES
Clinical Heterogeneity in Patients with Dementia
of the Alzheimer Type . • • • • 129
R. Mayeux and Y. Stern
Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Alzheimer's
Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Are They Similar
or Different? • • • • • • • • • 135
B. Mildworf, M. Globus, and E. Melamed
Risk Factors in Alzheimer'S Disease ••• 141
L.L. Barclay, S. Kheyfets, A. Zemcov, J.P. Blass,
and F.H. McDowell
Enhancing Communication for the Demented Patient and His Family • •• 147
A.J. Rosin, L. Abramowitz, J. Diamond, S. Beitz,
S. Hirsch, and S. Rifkin
Reaction Times in Tasks of Varying Degrees of Complexity,
an Indication of the Degree and the Evolution of
Mental Deterioration: A Preliminary Study • • • • 155
T. Waegemans
An Intranosological Classification of Alzheimer's Disease
as a Multi-stage Dementing Process - The Basis for
Individualized Therapeutic Strategies 161
M.S. Tropper and J. Wagner
The Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Type Presenile Dementia in Israel 169
T. Treves, N. Zilber, A.D. Korczyn, E. Kahana, Y. Leibowitz,
M. Alter, and B.S. Schoenberg
Dementia in Parkinson Disease • • • . 177
A.D. Korczyn
possible Dopaminergic Basis for Perceptual Motor Dysfunction 185
Y. Stern and R. Mayeux
Diagnostic Methods in Alzheimer's Disease: Magnetic Resonance
Brain Imaging and CSF Neurotransmitter Markers • • ••• 191
J.H. Growdon, S. Corkin, F. Buonanno, K. Davis,
F.J. Huff, M.F. Beal, and C. Kramer
xii
Neuroimaging studies of Alzheimer's Disease •••••••• 205
M.J. de Leon, A.E. George, S.H. Ferris, G. Budzilovich,
and A.P. Wolf
High Resolution Mapping of cerebral Blood Flow
in Alzheimer's Disease ••••• 211
S.K. Wolfson, Jr., D. Gur, H. Yonas, W. Good, G. Rao,
M. Boehnke, and F. Boller
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Dementing Disorders 225
••••• I •••
E. Melamed, M. Globus, and B. Mildworf
The Early Stages of Presenile and Senile Alzheimer's Disease:
Initial Studies of Disease Severity and Cerebral Blood Flow. 233
I. Prohovnik, G. Smith, H.A. Sackeim, R. Mayeux,
and Y. Stern
ETIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Laser Microprobe Mass Analyzer (LAMMA) - A New Approach to the
Study of the Association of Aluminum and Neurofibrillary
Tangle Formation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 241
D.P. Perl, D. Munoz-Garcia, P. Good, and W.W. Pendlebury
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) as a Cause of Pre-Senile and
Senile Dementia: The Complementary Role of Radionuclide
Cysternography (RNC) and Cranial Computed Tomography (CCT)
in the Early Recognition of the Treatable Patients • • 249
I. Garty, D. Steinmetz, J. Braun, B. Dubnov, and E. Flatau
Measles Virus Infection of Human Neural Cell Lines as a Model for
Persistent Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System • 257
Y.L. Danon, B. Rager-Zisman, B. Garty, and N. Gadoth
Brain Iron and Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Rat • • • 263
D. Ben-Shachar and M.B.H. Youdim
Down's Syndrome and Alzheimer'S Disease: Are Common Genes for
Human Chromosome 21 Involved in Both Disor.ders? 271
Y. Groner, N. Dafni, L. Sherman, D. Levanon, Y. Bernstein,
E. Danciger, o. Elroy-Stein, .and A. Neer
The Natural History of Alzheimer's Families: An Underutilized
Method for Exploring Basic and Therapeutic Strategies in
Age-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders • • • • • • • • • 287
G.A. Thoen
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Biological Markers for Alzheimer's Disease 299
J. Blass, A. Baker, A. Balin, L. Barclay, G. Gibson,
C. Peterson, and N. Sims
Acetylcholine Metabolism in Brain: Is it Reflected by CSF Changes? 309
E. Giacobini, R. Becker, R. Elble, R. Mattio, and M. McIlhany
Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Somatostatin-Like Immunoreactivity
in Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid of Demented Patients. • • • •• 317
S. Gomez~ P. Davous, A. Faivre-Bauman, D. Valade,
C. Jeannin, P. Rondot, and J. puymirat
xiii