ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Targets for New Clinical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE Series Editors Sidney A. Simon, Ph.D. Miguel A.L. Nicolelis, M.D., Ph.D. Published Titles Apoptosis in Neurobiology Yusuf A. Hannun, M.D., Professor of Biomedical Research and Chairman, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Rose-Mary Boustany, M.D., tenured Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Sensory and Motor Function John K. Chapin, Ph.D., Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, New York Karen A. Moxon, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Computational Neuroscience: Realistic Modeling for Experimentalists Eric DeSchutter, M.D., Ph.D., Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Methods in Pain Research Lawrence Kruger, Ph.D., Professor of Neurobiology (Emeritus), UCLA School of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, California Motor Neurobiology of the Spinal Cord Timothy C. Cope, Ph.D., Professor of Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio Nicotinic Receptors in the Nervous System Edward D. Levin, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Molecular Cancer Biology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Methods in Genomic Neuroscience Helmin R. Chin, Ph.D., Genetics Research Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland Steven O. Moldin, Ph.D., University of Southern California, Washington, D.C. Methods in Chemosensory Research Sidney A. Simon, Ph.D., Professor of Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Miguel A.L. Nicolelis, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina The Somatosensory System: Deciphering the Brain’s Own Body Image Randall J. Nelson, Ph.D., Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee The Superior Colliculus: New Approaches for Studying Sensorimotor Integration William C. Hall, Ph.D., Department of Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Adonis Moschovakis, Ph.D., Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece New Concepts in Cerebral Ischemia Rick C.S. Lin, Ph.D., Professor of Anatomy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi DNA Arrays: Technologies and Experimental Strategies Elena Grigorenko, Ph.D., Technology Development Group, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts Methods for Alcohol-Related Neuroscience Research Yuan Liu, Ph.D., National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland David M. Lovinger, Ph.D., Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, NIAAA, Nashville, Tennessee Primate Audition: Behavior and Neurobiology Asif A. Ghazanfar, Ph.D., Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Methods in Drug Abuse Research: Cellular and Circuit Level Analyses Barry D. Waterhouse, Ph.D., MCP-Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Functional and Neural Mechanisms of Interval Timing Warren H. Meck, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Biomedical Imaging in Experimental Neuroscience Nick Van Bruggen, Ph.D., Department of Neuroscience Genentech, Inc. Timothy P.L. Roberts, Ph.D., Associate Professor, University of Toronto, Canada The Primate Visual System John H. Kaas, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Christine Collins, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Neurosteroid Effects in the Central Nervous System Sheryl S. Smith, Ph.D., Department of Physiology, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn, New York Modern Neurosurgery: Clinical Translation of Neuroscience Advances Dennis A. Turner, Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Sleep: Circuits and Functions Pierre-Hervé Luppi, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France Methods in Insect Sensory Neuroscience Thomas A. Christensen, Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona Motor Cortex in Voluntary Movements Alexa Riehle, INCM-CNRS, Marseille, France Eilon Vaadia, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Neural Plasticity in Adult Somatic Sensory-Motor Systems Ford F. Ebner, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Advances in Vagal Afferent Neurobiology Bradley J. Undem, Johns Hopkins Asthma Center, Baltimore, Maryland Daniel Weinreich, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland The Dynamic Synapse: Molecular Methods in Ionotropic Receptor Biology Josef T. Kittler, University College, London, England Stephen J. Moss, University College, London, England Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment Edward D. Levin, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Jerry J. Buccafusco, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia The Role of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Gustatory Processing Robert M. Bradley, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms David R. Riddle, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging Frederico Bermudez-Rattoni, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Serotonin Receptors in Neurobiology Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades Wolfgang B. Liedtke, M.D., Ph.D., Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Stefan Heller, Ph.D., Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Methods for Neural Ensemble Recordings, Second Edition Miguel A.L. Nicolelis, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Biology of the NMDA Receptor Antonius M. VanDongen, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Methods of Behavioral Analysis in Neuroscience Jerry J. Buccafusco, Ph.D., Alzheimer’s Research Center, Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Professor of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function, Second Edition Ron Frostig, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects Jean-Pierre Montmayeur, Ph.D., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Dijon, France Johannes le Coutre, Ph.D., Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland The Neurobiology of Olfaction Anna Menini, Ph.D., Neurobiology Sector International School for Advanced Studies, (S.I.S.S.A.), Trieste, Italy Neuroproteomics Oscar Alzate, Ph.D., Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Translational Pain Research: From Mouse to Man Lawrence Kruger, Ph.D., Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California Alan R. Light, Ph.D., Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Advances in the Neuroscience of Addiction Cynthia M. Kuhn, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina George F. Koob, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California Neurobiology of Huntington’s Disease: Applications to Drug Discovery Donald C. Lo, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Robert E. Hughes, Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, California Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward Jay A. Gottfried, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes Micah M. Murray, CIBM, Lausanne, Switzerland Mark T. Wallace, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee Neurobiology of Depression Francisco López-Muñoz, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain Cecilio Álamo, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain Astrocytes: Wiring the Brain Eliana Scemes, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York David C. Spray, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Dopamine–Glutamate Interactions in the Basal Ganglia Susan Jones, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Alzheimer’s Disease: Targets for New Clinical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies Renee D. Wegrzyn, Booz Allen Hamilton, Arlington, Virginia Alan S. Rudolph, Duke Center for Neuroengineering, Potomac, Maryland TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Targets for New Clinical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies Edited by Renee D. Wegrzyn, PhD Adlyfe, Inc. Rockville, Maryland, USA Alan S. Rudolph, PhD, MBA Center for Neuroengineering Duke University Durham, North Carolina, USA Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120301 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-2709-3 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com The editors would like to dedicate this work to all of the patients and caregivers around the world who are suffering under the burden of Alzheimer’s disease. Renee D. Wegrzyn would like to thank her parents, Jerry and Jessie, and her ever supportive and loving husband, Brandon. Alan S. Rudolph also honors his grandmother, Pauline Schwartz, the first person in his life that he knew with Alzheimer’s disease.