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PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 96(2), 1994, pp. 314-317 ALYDVS CALCARATUS IN NORTH AMERICA (HEMIPTERA: ALYDIDAE) Carl W. Schaefer and Joseph C. Schaffner (CWS) Department ofEcology and Evolutionary Biology, University ofConnecticut, A&M U-43, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043; (JCS) Department of Entomology, Texas University, College Station, Texas 77843. Abstract.—ThQ Nearctic Alyduspitito Uhler is synonymized with the Palearctic Alydus calcaratus (L.), and the New World range of the species extended some 1500 miles eastward, into Quebec. A lectotype isdesignated forAlyduspliito. Characterstodistinguish New World A. calcaratus from the similar New World species, A. tomentosus Fracker and A. eurinus Say, are discussed and figured. A. tomentosus is recorded from Arizona, and A. pilosulus Herrich-Schaeffer from New Mexico, both for the first time. Key Vi'ords: Alydus. Nearctic, Palearctic, synonymy, range extension Alydus calcaratus (L.) is a northern Pa- States. He did so because they did not re- learctic species whose range extends as far semble "any of the species recognized by east as Siberia (Vinokurov 1979)and China Fracker[1918] asoccurringin North Amer- (Zheng, pers. commun.). What has been ica." Fracker includedA. plutoin his paper, considered another species, A. pluto Uhler. and clearly Sailer believed his specimens to occurs in the northwestern Nearctic(Alaska differ. One ofus (JCS) examined nearly 350 south into the transmontane American North American specimensunderboth spe- west), east into Saskatchewan (Schaffner cies names, and several European A. cal- 1964, Froeschner 1988) and now into Que- caratus. and determined the two species to bec (see below). Schaflfncr, in an unpub- be the same (Schaffner 1964). CWS has ex- lished dissertation (1964). synonymized the amined the genitalia of Old World speci- twospecies;andSchaeferhasindependently mens and specimens studied by Sailer (at confirmed this synonymy. the U.S. National Museum), with these re- In his dissertation. Schaffner (1964) dis- sults: cussed A. calcaratus and A. pluto in detail. ThemalegenitaliaofanAlyduscalcaratus He noted that the Palearctic A. calcaratus from the Belgorod Region of Russia are variesconsiderablyinsize(male: 9.35-1 1.00 identical (in paramere, surcapsular spine, mm; female: 1 1.00-13.00 mm), color (dark andthecuplikesclerite'sextension)withthe brown to black), and degree ofvestiture. .-1. genitalia of several specimens determined pluto falls within these ranges, and its male by Sailer (1953) to be A. calcaratus. The and female genitalia closely resemble those genitalia are identical also with those of a of^. calcaratus. and are unlike those ofany specimen from Dilley, Oregon, studied by other Alydus species, except .-1. zichyi Hor- Fracker (1918) as .4. pluto. vath, ofChina. Similarly, the female genitalia of an .41- One problem remains: In 1953 Sailer ydus calcaratus from Xin-jiang, China, and identifiedasA. calcaratusseveral specimens another from England, are ver\' similar to oLAlvdusfrom AlaskasouthintotheUnited thoseofseveral North American specimens 1 VOLUME 96. NUMBER 2 315 examined by Sailer (1953) and determined em United States east into Wyoming and by him as A. calcaratus. The genitalia are south (via mountains) into the American very close also to specimens from Dilley, southwest. Northern Europe from Great Oregon, apparently not seen by Fracker but Britain east into Yakutia and south into the of the same series as the male he studied Peoples' Republic ofChina. (same label data and all from the H. G. Until recently, Alydus calcaratus was re- Barber Collection; Fracker comments that corded no further east in the New World he got his Dilley, Oregon specimen "from than Saskatchewan (Schaffner 1964). How- Mr. Barber"). ever, in the University of Minnesota col- We conclude that the Alydus calcaratus lection isa femaleA. calcaratuscollected in ofSailerisconspecific with theAlyduspluto August, 1922 (by William E. Hoffmann) in of Fracker. Perhaps in thinking they were Cook County, Minnesota. More recently, distinct. Sailer was misled by Fracker's fig- fourspecimens(1 male, 3 females)werecol- ures, which are not wholly accurate. lected in Moisie, Quebec, near the mouth Alydus calcaratus (Linnaeus) ofthe St. Lawrence River: arangeextension (from Saskatchewan) of some 1500-1800 Cimex calcaratus Linnaeus, 1758, p. miles. These specimens were collected (by 450 (orig. descr.) ClaudeChantal) two years apart, in August, Lygaeuscalcaratus; Fabricius, 1798, p. 541 (note) 1989,andAugust, 1991,whichsuggeststhat LygaeustibialisFabricius, 1798, p. 45 tplhaents(pse)ciisesnotiskensotwanbl.isIhnedthehePrael.earTchteic,hoAsl-t (orig. descr.) ydus calcaratus feeds on legumes (Vinoku- Alydus calcaratus; Fabricius, 1803, p. rov 1979), like other members ofthe Alyd- 251-252 (descr.) inae (Schaefer 1980). Alydus tibialis Fabricius, 1803, p. 252 Alydus calcaratus is thus recognized as a (descr.) Holarctic species, largely restricted to the Alydus hirsutus Kolenati, 1845, p. 64 north. Itarose perhaps in the Palearctic and Alydu(osriag.trdaetsucsr.M)otschulsky, 1859, p. arrived in the New World via Beringia. It shares this transboreal distribution with 502 (orig. descr.) several mirid species (Wheeler and Henry Alydus tibialis: StSl, 1868, p. 65-66 1992), some rhopalids (Stictopleurus) (syn.) (Schaefer 1993), and certainly other insect Alydus pluto Uhler, 1872, p. 401-402 (orig. descr.) New Svno.nvmv species. Uhler(1872)describedAlydusplutofrom Alydus atratus; Renter, 1888, p. 535 specimenscollected in Colorado; Ross Fork, (syn.) Idaho; Louisiana; and Kansas. Schaffner Alydus hirsutus; Reuter, 1888, p. 535 (syn.) (1964)believedtheLouisianaspecimencer- tainly, and probably the Kansas specimen Diagnosis.—The form of the male and as well, are not A. pluto (he had seen nei- female external genitalia, and the rounded ther), because oftheir localities (see below). posterior pronotai angles, distinguish Aly- SchaffnerdidstudytheIdahospecimen,and dus calcaratus from all other Palearctic Al- Schaefer has seen the Colorado specimen. ydus. The dark color(dark fuscous to black) Both are A. pluto. The Colorado specimen of A. calcaratus, and the characters dis- bears a red type label with "No. 686"; ad- cussed below, will distinguish it from other ditional labels are 1) Col.; 2) Smith; 3) P. Nearctic species. R. UhlerCollection. Wedesignatethis male Distribution.—Western Canada and specimen from Colorado the lectotype of Quebec (see below), Alaska and northwest- .Alyduspluto Uhler. ABC 316 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON 1.0mm Fig. 1. Borderofmale'sgenilal capsule, ventral view. A. Alydiiscalcaratus. B.Alydustonwntosus. C. Alydus eurinus. The closest relatives o{Alydus calcaratus calcaratus {&sA. plutoin Fracker 1918). In- are A. zichyi and .-1. tomentosus Fracker deed, from its locale, the Louisiana speci- (Schaffner 1964). The first species occurs in men referred to by Uhler (1872) is almost China, and differs from both the others in certainly.4. eurinus. Inthe^. eurinuskmalt its angulate posterior pronotal comers. A. the valvulae lack fingerlike processes, nor tomentosus is found in the southwestern are the male's parameres parallel to each United States (but one record from South other in caudal view; both features char- Dakota) south into Guatemala (Schaffner acterize A. calcaratus and .4. tomentosus. 1964), a distribution generally more south- The three species can be easily distin- em than that of.4. calcaratus. The two spe- guishedbyfeaturesofthemale'sgenitalcap- cies overlap in the American southwest. In sule: material from the Cornell Collection, CWS .Alydus calcaratus: In ventral view, the finds two large (13.5 mm) nearly black fe- projectionsofthelateralrimareobtuse;and male A. calcaratus from Socorro Co., New the cuplike sclerite can be seen projecting Mexico, and two dark males from Larimer above the ventral rim and narrowing sud- Co., Colorado. Significantly, both localesare denly to a needlelike extension (Fig. lA). high (7000 ft and 6000 ft. respectively), (Note: we do not find the slight expansion which suggests these bugs live in an "alti- shown by Fracker [1918, Fig. 2] at the base tudinally northem" habitat. of this extension.) The surcapsular spines According to Fracker (1918), the fourth (dorsal surface) bear 2-3 small teeth sub- antennal segment of.4. tomentosusis longer terminally on their lateral surfaces, and the than the second and third combined, but spines' tipsare hooked. (In somespecimens shorter in A. pluto (= A. calcaratus). But there may be another small lateral tooth Schaffner(1964) findsthatthis isnotalways alongthesurcapsularspine; thissmall tooth so: inA. tomentosusthefourthsegmentmay may occuron one spine and not on the oth- be longer or shorter than, or equal to, the er.) second plus the third. A. calcaratus differs .Alydus tomentosus: In ventral view, the fromA. tomentosusinhavingarowofshort, projections ofthe lateral rim are broad and dark, recumbent setae along the apical half low; and the cuplike sclerite is only slightly of the hind tibia's anterior surface. How- visible (Fig. IB). The surcapsular spines ever, because the row is irregular and the (dorsal surface) bear laterally a single large setae often obscure, this character is not so subterminal tooth, and the spines' tips are useful as those ofthe genitalia. simple. Alydus eurinus Say, which occurs Alydus eurinus: In ventral view, the pro- throughout theNearctic, isanotherdarkro- jections ofthe lateral rim are broader than bust species sometimes confused with A. in A. calcaratus, and not so low as in .A. VOLUME NUMBER 96. 2 317 tomentosus; and cuplike sclerite is visible C. Froeschner. eds.. Catalog of the Heteroptera, and not narrowed as in A. calcaratus (Fig. orTrueBugs,ofCanadaandtheContinentalUnit- IC). The surcapsular spines (dorsal surface) ed States. E. J. Bnll. Leiden. Kolenati, F. A. 1845. Insect caucasi cum distribu- bear laterally a large tooth halfway along tionegeographica. Fascicle I. Petropoli,Sumtibus their lengths, and the spines' tips are only Impenalibus Academiae Scientiarum. slightly hooked. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae. 10th edition. Holmiae, Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. New Records for Other Motschulsky, V. 1859. Catalogue des insectes rap- Species of Alydus portes des environs di fl. Amour. Bulletin de la Societe Imperialedes Naturalistesde Moscou 32: The material from Cornell University al- 487-507. lows these new state records: Reuter, O. M. 1888. Revisio synonymica heterop- terorum palaearcticorum quae de descnpserunt Alydus tomentosus Fracker: Arizona, Co- auctores vetustiores. Acta Societatis Scientiarum chise Co. (Froeschner 1988 records from Fennicae 15: 241-315, 443-812. Colorado) Sailer, R. 1. 1953. The New-World distribution of Alydus pilosulus Herrich-SchaefTer: New Alyduscalcaratus(L.) with commentson thedis- posal ofthe name Coriscus Schrank, 1796. Pro- Mexico, Bernalillo Co. (Froeschner 1988 ceedings ofthe Entomological Society ofWash- recordsfrom manyotherstates, including ington 55: 315-318. Texas) Schaefer, C. W. 1980. The host plants ofthe Alydi- nae, with a note on heterotypic feeding aggrega- Acknowledgments tions (Hemiptera: Coreoidea: Alydidae). Journal We are deeply grateful to M. Jean-Fran- Schaeoffert.heCK.anWs.asE1n9t9o3m.olOorgiigcianlsSoocfietthye5N3:ew115W-o1r2l2d. fois Roch, who sent the Quebec specimens Rhopalinae (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae). Annals of to CWS for identification; to M. Claude the Entomological Society of America 86: 127- Chantal, who collected them; to Drs. Zheng 133. Le-yi (Nankai University), E. R. Hoebeke Schaefer,C. W.,J. C.Schaffner.and I. Ahmad. 1989. TheAlydus-group. with notes on thealydinegen- (Cornell University), T. J. Henry (System- ital capsule (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Alydidae). atic Entomology Laboratory, Washington), Annals ofthe Entomological Society ofAmerica and J. E. O'Donnell (University of Con- 82: 500-507. necticut) for the loan ofspecimens from in- Schaffner.J.C. 1964. Ataxonomicrevisionofcertain stitutional collections in their care; to Ms genera ofthe tribe Alydini (Heteroptera: Corei- C. Blow, for typing the manuscript; and to dae). Ph.D. dissertation. Iowa State University. Ms M. J. Spring for inking the figures. We Stai,AC..No1r8s6t8e.dtH.emipteran Fabnciana.Stockholm,P. also thank an anonymous reviewer, whose Uhler. P. R. 1872. Notice ofthe Hemiptera ofthe keen eye and unsparing pen have markedly Western Territones ofthe United States, chiefly improved this paper. from the surveys ofDr. F. V. Hayden. pp. 392- 423. In Hayden. F. V.,ed.. PreliminaryReportof Literature Cited the United StatesGeological SurveyofMontana. Washington, DC. Fabricius, J. C. 1798. Supplementum Entomologiae Vinokurov,N.N. 1979. HeteropteraofYakutia. En- Syslematicae. Hafnia. apud Proft el Storgh. glish Translation. 1988. Amerind Publishing . 1803. Systema Rhyngotoruni. Brunsvigae, Company, New Delhi, xi + 328 pp. Original in apud Carolum Reichard. Russian. Fracker,S.B. 1918. TheAlydinaeoftheUnitedStates. Wheeler,Jr.,A.G.andT.J.Henry. 1992. ASynthesis Annals ofthe Entomological Society ofAmerica of the Holarctic Miridae Heteroptera: Distribu- 11:255-280. tion,Biology,andOrigin,withEmphasisonNorth Froeschner,R.C. 1988. FamilyAlydidae.Amyotand Amenca. Vol. XV. TheThomas Sav Foundation, Serville, 1843, pp. 4-11. //; Henry, T. J., and R. 282 pp.