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Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest EDITED BY BARBARA J. MILLS The University ifA rizona Press Tucson The University of Arizona Press © 2000 The Arizona Board of Regents First Printing All rights reserved @J This book is printed on acid-free, archival-quality paper. Manufactured in the United States of America 05 04 03 02 01 00 6 5 432 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Alternative leadership strategies in the prehispanic Southwest / edited by Barbara]. Mills p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8r65-2028-3 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Indians of North America-Southwest, New-Antiquities. 2. Indians of North America-Southwest, New-Politics and government. 3. Pueblo Indians-Politics and government. 4. Southwest, New-Antiquities. I. Mills, Barbara]., 1955-. E78.57 .A4757 2000 99-050694 303.3'4'09790902-dc21 err British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Publication of this book is made possible in part by the proceeds of a permanent endowment created with assistance of a Challenge Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, a federal agency. To my parents, Joan A. Mills and William E Mills,Jr. Contents Preface 1X I. Alternative Models, Alternative Strategies: Leadership in the Prehispanic Southwest BARBARA J. MILLS 3 2. Political Leadership and the Construction of Chacoa n Great Houses, A.D. 1020-1140 W. H. WILLS 19 3. Leadership, Long-Distance Exchange, and Feasting in the Proto his to ric Rio Grande WILLIAM M. GRAVES AND KATHERINE A. SPIELMANN 45 4. Ritual as a Power Resource in the American Southwest JAMES M. POTTER AND ELIZABETH M. PERRY 60 5. Ceramic Decoration as Power: Late Prehistoric Design Change in East-Central Arizona SCOTT V AN KEUREN 79 6. Leadership Strategies in Protohistoric Zuni Towns KEITH W. KINTIGH 95 7. Organizational Variability in Platform Mound-Building Groups of the American Southwest MARK D. ELSON AND DAVID R. ABBOTT I 17 8. Leadership Strategies among the Classic Period Hohokam: A Case Study KAREN G. HARRY AND JAMES M. BAYMAN 136 9. The Institutional Contexts ofHohokam Complexity and Inequality SUZANNE K. FISH AND PAUL R. FISH 154 10. Leadership at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico MICHAEL E. WHALEN AND PAUL E. MINNIS 168 I I. Reciprocity and Its Limits: Considerations for a Study of the Prehispanic Pueblo World TIMOTHY A. KOHLER, MATTHEW W. VAN PELT, AND LORENE Y. L. YAP 180 12. Dual-Processual Theory and Social Formations in the Southwest GARY M. FEINMAN 207 References Cited 225 About the Contributors 287 Index 293 V111 Contents Preface THE INITIAL INSPIRATION for this volume was a graduate seminar that I taught at the University of Arizona in the spring of 1997 on the "Roots of Inequality." Like other archaeologists working in small-scale societies, I had been disappointed with political models based solely on hierarchical, highly centralized societies. I was also excited by a burgeoning anthropological literature on inequality and the prospect of reading it with a fme group of graduate students. I thank Dale Breneman, Sarah Herr, Eric Kaldahl, Mat thew Littler, A. Rene Munoz, Elizabeth Perry, Susan Stinson, and Scott Van Keuren for their critical reading and lively discussions. During the seminar, it became evident that the new literature had im portant implications for the interpretation of inequality in Southwestern societies. It seemed time for a pan-Southwestern look at political orga nization and especially its intersection with social, ritual, and economic organization. New questions could be asked of Southwestern data, and Southwestern case studies clearly had potential for interesting worldwide comparisons of trajectories through time. Therefore, I decided to organize a Society for American Archaeology (SAA) symposium to look at case studies ofleadership strategies across the Southwest. The symposium was held at the 1998 SAA annual meetings in Seattle. The symposium was entitled "Network or Corporate?: Alternative Lead ership Strategies in the Greater Southwest." I specifically asked the partici pants to focus on one oft he recent models, dual-processual theory, that was currently being used to address leadership. The papers in this volume were all originally presented at that SAA symposium. However, in making revi sions, I asked the participants to consider the implications ofo ther theoreti cal approaches that could be used to model leadership development in Southwestern societies. It is to all the authors' credit that they not only were up to the task but did so in such varied and interesting ways. I particularly thank the contributors to this volume for their unflagging enthusiasm. With short notice, they quickly responded to my initial queries regarding the original SAA symposium. The authors devoted precious time