Alternative Discourses on Modernization and Development: East Asian Perspectives

288 Pages·2017·2.474 MB·English

by  Kim Kyong-Dong (auth.)

Alternative
Discourses on
Modernization &
Development
East Asian Perspectives
Kim Kyong-Dong
Alternative Discourses on Modernization and
Development
Kim Kyong- Dong
Alternative Discourses
on Modernization
and Development
East Asian Perspectives
Kim Kyong- Dong
Seoul National University
Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
ISBN 978-981-10-3466-4 ISBN 978-981-10-3467-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3467-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017932648
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To my beloved family:
Lee On-Jook,
Kim Yojin,
and
Kim Jin,
with affection and gratitude
S C : K a
peCial haraCterS orean lphabetS
C i
and hineSe deogramS
Chapter 1
I Ching (the Book of Change, 易經)
yin-yang (음양 in Korean alphabet, 陰陽 in Chinese characters)
ki (or chi; in Chinese, 기 in Korean , 氣 in Chinese)
han (reads hahn or haan; 한 in Korean and 恨 in Chinese)
Chapter 2
Tao (道)
self-transformation (tu hua; 獨化)
the Principle (li; 理)
to produce and reproduce (or creative creativity; sheng sheng; 生生)
I (易)
destiny (ming, fate; 命).
nature (tzu jan; 自然)
non-being (wu; 無)
original non-being or pure being (pen-wu; 本無)
t’ai-chi (the Great Ultimate or the Supreme Ultimate; 太極)
wu-chi (the Ultimateless, Without Ultimate, or Non-Polar; 無極)
movement or activity (tung; 動)
quiescence (ching; 靜),
Two Forms (liang yi; 兩儀)
ch’ien (Heaven, the first hexagram of the I Ching; 乾)
k’un (Earth, the second hexagram; 坤)
the Great Harmony (t’ai-ho, 太和)
vii
viii SPECIAL CHARACTERS: KOREAN ALPHABETS AND CHINESE IDEOGRAMS
the Great Void or Vacuity (t’ai-hsu; 太虛)
the Five Elements or Agents (wu-hsing; 五行)
mutual generation (hsiang sheng; 相生)
mutual destruction (hsiang k’e; 相剋)
reversion (fan; 反)
return (fu; 復)
founding or establishment (ch’angŏp; 創業)
preservation of accomplishments (susŏng; 守成)
relaxation and alteration (kyŏngchang; 更張)
adapt to the changing situation (pyŏnt’ong, 變通)
Moderation or Mean (chung; 中)
Chung Yung (中庸)
the right or correct chung (cheng chung; 正中)
the timely equilibrium chung (shih chung; 時中)
ch’eng (or sǒng in Korean; 誠),
the soft and weak (yu in Korean, róu in Chinese; 柔)
ki (vital energy; 氣)
li (the principle, or the Way; 理)
Human Nature (sŏng; 性)
Emotions (chǒng; 情).
Mind/Heart of the Way (tosimin Korean or tao hsinin Chinese; 도심,
道心)
the humanly Mind/Heart of man, insim(인심, 人心)
the Superior Man or the Noble Man, (kunja in Korean, chŭn tzŭ in
Chinese; 군자, 君子)
rectify names (chŏngmyŏng in Korean, cheng ming in Chinese; 正名)
cautious even in solitude (sinkidŏk in Korean, shen ch’i tu in Chinese;
愼其獨)
the Great Learning (Ta Hsŭeh; 대학, 大學)
ego or self (ah in Korean, wo in Chinese; 我)
thing,” “entity” or law (pǒp in Korean, fa in Chinese; 法)
learning for the management of the world (kyŏngsejihak in Korean,
ching shih chih hsueh in Chinese; 經世之學)
Chapter 3
Chinese Principles with Western Application (zhongtixiyong or
chungt’ihsiyung 中體西用),
Eastern Ways with Western Means or Vessels (tongdosŏgi, 東道西器)
SPECIAL CHARACTERS: KOREAN ALPHABETS AND CHINESE IDEOGRAMS ix
Preserving Japanese Spirits while adopting pragmatic Western Matters
(wakonyōsai, 和魂洋才).
Chapter 4
culture (munhua in pure Korean, when hua in Chinese; 문화 文化 in
Chinese)
education (kyoyuk(교육; 敎育)
refinement (kyoyang (교양; 敎養)
enlightenment (kyohua; 교화; 敎化).
cultivate self, regulated family, govern state, and peace in the world (수
신제가치국평천하, 修身齊家治國平天下),
the Early Learning (Sohak or Shiao Hsüeh; 소학, 小學)
benevolence (in or jen; 인, 仁)
righteousness (ŭi or i; 의, 義)
propriety in demeanor (ye or li; 예, 禮),
music (ak ory üeh; 악, 樂)
wisdom (chi or chih; 지, 智)
trust (sin or hsin; 신, 信)
the unity of Heaven and Man (ch’ŏninhabil or t’ien jen ho i; 천인합일,
天人合一)
the essence of human relationships (inlyun or jen lun; 인륜, 人倫)
human being (sounds also in or jen; 인, 人)
two (i or erh; 이, 二)
the Book of Rites (Ye Ki or Li Chi; 예기, 禮記)
profitable (li; 이, 利)
basic stuff (chil, chih; 질, 質)
the Spring and Autumn Annals (Ch’un-ch’u Chwajŏn or Ch’un-ch’iu
Tso chuan; 춘추좌전, 春秋左傳),
the Record of Music (Ak Ki or Yüeh Chi; 악기, 樂記)
Knowledge (chi in Korean and chih in Chinese; 지, 知)
wisdom (chi in Korean and chih in Chinese, again; 지, 智)
investigation of things (kyŏkmul or ko wu; 격물, 格物)
extension of knowledge (ch’iji or chih chih; 치지; 致知)
loyalty or conscientiousness (ch’ung or chung; 충, 忠),
ch’ung-sin (faithful and loyal subject; 충신, chung-hsin, 忠臣).
the Great Oneness (t’aeil or t’ai-i; 태일, 太一)
the True Man (chinin or chen jen; 진인, 眞人)
non-action (wu-wei; 無爲)
x SPECIAL CHARACTERS: KOREAN ALPHABETS AND CHINESE IDEOGRAMS
the Book of Filial Piety (효경; 孝經)
altruism (reciprocity, sŏ or shu; 서, 恕)
a society of Great Unity (taedongsahoe or ta t’ung shih hui; 대동사회,
大同社會)
the Village Compact (Hyang Yak; 향약, 鄕約)
Dure (두레)
P’umasi (품앗이)
Kye (계)
n K C W
oteS on orean and hineSe ordS and
n
ameS
Korean words and names are romanized according to the McCune -
Reischauer system, except for those already customarily used. While full
names are listed in the references, in the main text and endnotes, fam-
ily names appear with first name initials usually separated two capital let-
ters either connected with or without a hyphen or only one capital letter,
depending on the customary usages, for example. Chang Y.-S., Baek S. W.
or Baek O. For Korean and Chinese words, English translations are pre-
sented with first romanized versions followed by Korean alphabets and
Chinese ideograms in parentheses, for example, the Superior Man or the
Noble Man, (kunja in Korean, chŭntzŭ in Chinese; 군자, 君子). In the
case of some words, only Korean or Chinese versions are presented. For
the Romanization of Chinese terms, most of the words quoted in the pres-
ent volume use the Wade-Giles system, with a few select cases which use
the Pinyin system in the original text.
xi