Altered Lives, Enduring Community: Japanese Americans Remember Their World War II Incarceration PDF
Preview Altered Lives, Enduring Community: Japanese Americans Remember Their World War II Incarceration
THE SCOTT AND LAURIE OKI SERIES IN ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES THE SCOTT AND LAURIE OKI SERIES IN ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES From a Three·Cornered World: New and Selected Ibems, by James Masao Mitsui Imprisoned Apart: The World Ultrr II Correspondence of an Issei Couple, by Louis Fiset Storied Lives: Japanese American Students and World War II, by Gary Y. Okihiro Phoenix Eyes and Other Stories, by Russell Charles Leong Paper Bullets: A Fictional Autobiography, by Kip Fulbeck Born in Seattle: The Campaign jor Japanese American Redress, by Robert Sadamu Shimabukuro Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War IIJapanese American Relocation Sites, by Jeffery F. Burton et al. Judgment without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment during World War II, by Tetsuden Kashima Shopping at Giant Foods: Chinese American Supermarkets in Northern California, by Alfred Yee Altered Lives, Enduring Community:Japanese Americans Remember Their World Ultrr II Incarceratwn, by Stephen S. Fugita and Marilyn Fernandez Sweet Cakes, LongJourney: The Chinatowns of ,R,rtland, Oregon, by Marie Rose Wong Altered Lives, Enduring Community JAPANESE AMERICANS REMEMBER THEIR WORLD WAR II INCARCERATION Stephen S. Fugita Marilyn Fernandez University of Washington Press Seatde and London This book is published with the assistance of a grant from the Scott and Laurie Oki Endowed Fund for the publication of Asian American Studies. Copyright (') 2004 by the University of Washington Press Printed in the United States of America Designed by joanne Poon 12 II 1009 08 07 06 05 04 5432 I All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. University of Washington Press PO Box 50096, Seattle, WA 98145 www.washington.edu/uwpress LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLlCATION DATA Fugita. Stephen. Altered lives, enduring community : Japanese Americans remember their World War II incarceration I Stephen S. Fugita, Marilyn Fernandez. p. cm.-(The Scott and Laurie Oki series in Asian American studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-.195-98380-9 {alk. paper)-IsBN 0-.195-98381-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Japanese Americans-Evacuation and relocation, 194.1-194,5. 2. japanese Americans-Cultural assimilation. 3. japanese Americans- Ethnic identity. 4. japanese Americans-Social conditions-20th century. ,5. japanese Americans-Economic conditions-20th century. 1. Fernandez, Marilyn. H. Title. HI. Series. D769.8.A61'78 2003 940.,53'Iio89956073-dc22 2003065757 The paper used in this publication is acid-free and recycled from 10 percent post- consumer and at least 50 percent pre-consumer waste. It meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences- Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-I984. This book is dedicated to S. Frank Miyamoto, pioneer, sensei, and friend Contents Acknowledgments ix I Introduction 3 2 The Pre-World War II Community 14 3 The Incarceration 47 4 Military Service and Resistance 85 5 Resettlement 10 5 6 Marriage and Family Formation 134 7 Occupational Patterns 156 8 Religion and Making Sense of the Incarceration 173 9 Looking Back 194 Appendixes 211 Notes 231 Glossary 234 References 235 Index 249 vii Acknowledgments This book is the culmination of the efforts of a team of individuals. Tom Ikeda, the director of Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project, has supported the data collection from the Project's inception. He provided lead- ership and committed resources at numerous critical junctures. Becky Fukuda identified and selected the pool of quotes from Densho visual his- tory narrators and critiqued portions of the manuscript. Erin Kimura and Larry Hashirna contacted, coordinated, and conducted survey interviews. Erin also entered the data into the statistical analysis program. Dana Hoshide made available the photographs. The following individuals served as survey interviewers: Ivy Arai, Dee Goto. Alyssa Grossman, Sheri Nakashima, and Tomoyo Yamada. Others who provided valuable comments on portions of the manuscript were Art Hansen, Lance Laird, Tim Lukes, Setsuko Matsunaga Nishi. Stephen Warner, Joe Yasutake. and especially Frank Miyamoto. Frank spent countless hours drawing upon his unique knowledge to strengthen the manuscript. This manuscript was smoothly shepherded through the Uni. . versity of Washington Press by Naomi Pascal and Marilyn Trueblood. Mary Ribesky skillfully copyedited the text. Santa Clara University provided both the computing facilities for data analysis and a supportive environment in which to write. The survey respondents and visual history narrators who generously shared their rich experiences and perspectives, of course, made this effort possible. Finally, on a personal note, we would like to express our appreciation to our spouses, Karen Fugita and Peter D'Souza, for their con. . tinuous support. Any errors or faulty interpretations, of course, remain ours. ix
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