Also: Standards Converters & Buyers Guide Update

110 Pages·2013·8.06 MB·English

An INTERTEC Publicad
November /$5.0
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Testing fiber systems
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Contents
November 1994 Volume 36 Number 11
BRoaDcasT
enaneeRinG
m
1-2
LUMINANCE
Iï0i1
MOD
DEMO
.
I.' R -Y
INTERPOLATOR
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INTERPOLLAATTOORR
Page 32 Pggr !i6 Page 82
TEST AND MEASUREMENT: THIS MONTH...
Digital technology forces the engineer to re-
evaluate the approach to maintenance
keeping two things in mind. First, digital 24 Measuring Serial Digital Signals
systems are more reliable and stable than
were their analog counterpart. Second, when By Steve Epstein
they fail, they often do so completely and Quality test equipment is a must.
without warning. Nowadays, troubleshooting
is more an issue of failure prevention, rather
32 Testing Fiber Systems
than quality adjustment.
By Jim Hayes
DEPARTMENTS: The basics of maintaining and testing fiber.
8 FCC Update
New Agreements With Mexico 48 Monitoring Digital Audio/Video Signals
10 Strictly TV
By Curtis Chan
HDTV Field Tests With digital systems, the details are critical.
12 Management
Employee Training
14 Production 58 Maintaining Power Tubes
Production Management Roles
By Heinz Bohlen and Don Peters
16 Troubleshooting Keeping transmitters healthy starts with a carefully planned maintenance
Component Analog Video program.
20 SBE Update
Building A Stronger Chapter
18 Technology News 66 Standards Converters
Microsharp: Im proving The Screen By Phil Hejtmanek
88 Applied Technology One critical element is motion compensation.
Tektronix Diamond Display
92 Applied Technology
EMCEE7TU1000E 82 Getting The Most From Your Battery
95 New Products
By Isidor Buchmann
New battery chemistries and smart chargers can solve portable powering
COLUMNS:
problems.
4 News
6 Editorial
94 Industry Briefs
105 Classifieds
108 Advertisers' Index ON THE COVER:
Photography courtesy of Tektronix.
2 Broadcast Engineering November 1994
www.americanradiohistory.com
The S310 Digital Video Analyser is the only
patented, all -in -one analyzer designed to take
Digital Video Testing the frustration out of digital video testing.
The S310 performs real time, on -line tests of key
Just Got Easier signal parameters for both composite and component,
, serial or parallel digital video, without complex
and time consuming interpretation.
'a
:
-',
-o--
,. T,, WI. ..°.o o- - a u _
ICI
DIGITAL IIO ti r. ,..S w , ir s. 1 . rs 1; bc w..: : : .,'ANAYSE;R
v10 Q ESCAPE I 1 I l ,.. ,.m;. . es : ;.`u :::
, .....
-
:
.a, e- -i: C3- _ O 9
With over 18 different , easy -to -use tests and
measurements, the S310 provides you with critical
With The 5310
performance data such as:
Serial jitter Signal levels
Parallel clock jitter DC offset
Di ital Video
Common mode voltage TRS analysis
Clock to data skew Presence of
Correct luminance & reserve codes in
chrominance levels active video
Individual luminance Analog signal
& chrominance sample output
AT ENT analysis And many more
In addition, the S310 is equipped zvith:
User -selectable alarm thresholds that provide
out -of -limit parameter warnings.
Remote control software with an RS232C/
RS422 port for remote control monitoring and
data logging.
A comprehensive CCIR 601 component pattern
generator with 34 test patterns, and exclusive
error introduction.
Take the frustration out of your digital video testing
Circle (5) on Reply Card by calling VTA11I to schedule a
demonstration, reserve an evaluation unit, or to order
A-
a FREE video tape.
SBy Sencore
The Name To Know In Digital Video Testing
www.americanradiohistory.com
BROâDCâST
enGltteeRltlG
News EDITORIAL
Brad Dick. Editor
Skip Pizzi, Technical Editor
Steve Epstein, Technical Editor
Dawn Hightower, Senior Associate Editor
Deanna Rood, Associate Editor
Tom Cook, Senior Managing Editor
Carl Bentz. Directory Editor
By Dawn Hightower, ART
senior associate editor Ruth Knotts. Associate Art Director
BUSINESS
Raymond E. Maloney, President
Advanced TV summit AVS- Tekniche, Laser Pacific Corporation Cameron Bishop, Group Vice President
Dennis Triola. Publisher
draws industry execs and Snell and Wilcox, Ltd. for the develop- Tom Brick, Marketing Director
ment and implementation of technology Stephanie Hanaway, Group Director, Special Projec n
Kathryn Buckley, Promotions Manager
On Sept. 26-27, broadcasters, TV net- for the removal of temporal artifacts from Sandra Tomczak. Promotions Coordinator
work executives, transmission special- film-originated 525 material to 625. Dee Unger, Director Advertising Services
Nancy Hupp, Advertising Production Manager
ists and others gathered on Hilton Head Susan Jones. Advertising Coordinator
Island, SC, for the first "Advanced Televi- Time - Warner Cable for the development Chris Coughlin. List Rental Sales Representative
sion Summit." It was sponsored by Broad- and implementation of technology for Doug Coonrod. Corporate Art Director
Barbara Kummer. Circulation Director
cast Engineering and World Broadcast the development of AM fiber -optic tech- Eunice Longanecker. Circulation Manager
News magazines, together with Ad- nology for distribution. Customer Service: 913 -967 -1711 or 800-441 -0294
vanced Television Publishing and its TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS
HDTV Newsletter. Eastman Kodak Company for the devel- Jerry Whitaker, Contributing Editor
The summit brought together these opment and implementation of machine - Eric Neil Angevine. Broadcast Acoustics
John H. Battison, Antennas/ Radiation
executives to sort through the pressing readable key type numbers on motion Dennis Ciapura, Radio Technology
challenges brought upon the broadcast picture Film. Dane E. Ericksen. P.E.. Systems Design
John Kean..Subcarrier Technology
industry by high -definition television, Donald L. Markley. Transmission Facilities
interactive television and other advanced Sony Corporation and Matsushita Elec- Harry C. Martin. Legal
Curtis Chan. Audio /Video Technology
TV services. tronic Company, Ltd. for the design and
Represented at the ATV Summit were implementation of Microlens technolo- MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
Sustaining Members of
Dr. Joe Flaherty, senior vice president of gy used in broadcast CCD cameras. Acoustical Society of America
technology at CBS; Preston Padden, pres- Society of Broadcast Engineers
ident of network distribution at Fox Pinnacle Systems for pioneering the Society of Motion Picture and TV Engineer.
ARP
Broadcasting Company; and Dr. John development of address compression
Member. American Business Press
Abel, vice president of the National Asso- technology. VBPA
ciation of Broadcasters. Participants also Member. Bl'A International
included executives from TV stations SBE elects officers BROADCAST ENGINEERING is edited for
around the United States, PBS, The De- and directors corporate management, engineers /technicians and
other station management personnel at
fense Intelligence Agency, NASA, and Asia commercial and educational radio and TV stations,
Television Limited (Hong Kong), among The Society of Broadcast Engineers teleproduction studios. recording studios. CATV
others. (SBE) elected its officers and directors at and CCTV facilities and government agencies.
Qualified persons include consulting engineers and
More information on key discussions its national election at its annual meeting dealer /distributors of broadcast equipment.
occurring at the ATV Summit will be pro- in Los Angeles in October at the World
BROADCAST ENGINEERING (ISSN 0007 -1994) is
vided in future issues of Broadcast Engi- Media Expo. published monthly (except semi -monthly in
neering magazine. Charles W Kelly, Jr., of Quincy, IL, has November) and mailed free to qualified persons
been elected president for a second term. wdeitshcinrib tehde Uabnoitveed. SSetactoensd a-cnlads Cs apnoasdtaa gine opcacidu paat tions
NATAS awards Terrence Baun has been elected to a sec- Shawnee Mission, KS. and additional mailing
ond term as vice president. He also will offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to
Technical Emmys Broadcast Engineering, P.O. Box 12902. Overland
chair the Industry Relations Committee. Park. KS 66282 -2902.
Once again, the National Academy of Keith Kintner was elected to a second
SUBSCRIPTIONS: Non -qualified persons may
Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS) has term as secretary. Robert Goza was elect- subscribe at the following rates: United States and
awarded its 1993 -1994 Technological ed to a fifth term as treasurer. Elected to Canada: one year. $50.00. Qualified and non -
Achievement and Scientific Development first terms as board members include: q$6u0a.l0if0ie (ds uprfearcseo nms ainil )a: ll$ 1o1th5.e0r0 c(aoiurn mtraieils).; one year.
Emmy Awards. The awards were present- Leonard Charles, Michael G. McCarthy, Subscription information: P.O. Box 12937, Overland
ed at a ceremony in New York on Oct. 4. Thomas Weber and John F. Schneider. Park. KS 66282 -2937.
The academy bestowed the Lifetime Elected to second terms were Michael Authorization to photocopy items for internal or
Achievement Emmy Awards in Technolo- Fast and Troy Pennington. James Bernier personal use, or the internal or personal use of
specific clients. is granted by Intertec Publishing,
gy to: Julius Barnathan, former senior was appointed to fill the unexpired board provided that the base fee of U.S. $2.00 per copy,
vice president, technology and strategic term of Philip Aaland. Continuing their plus U.S. $00.00 per page is paid directly to
planning, Capital Cities /ABC, Inc.; Joseph terms are Dane Ericksen, David Carr, Ed- CDaonpvyerirgsh. tM CAl e0a1r9a2n3c.e T Chee nlteeer. c2o2d2e Rfoors euwsoeorsd oDf rtihvee.
A. Flaherty, senior vice president, tech- ward J. Miller, Robert Reymont and Mar- Transactional Reporting Service is ISSN 0361-0942/
nology, CBS, Inc.; and Michael J. Sher- tin Sandberg. b1e9e94n $g2ra.0n0t.e0d0 .0a 0p. hFootor cthoopsye licoergnasnei zbayti oCnCsC .t haa t have
lock, executive vice president, technolo- Also, this year at the SBE's annual separate system of payment has been arranged.
gy, NBC, Inc. awards banquet, Albin Hillstrom, retired Pclraiosrs rotoo mph uostoe.c oppleyainseg citoenmtas ctf oCr CeCd uact a5ti0o8n-7a5l 0-8400.
This year the Emmy Awards were pre- TV engineer with KSAZ -TV, Phoenix, was
sented to the following 10 companies: awarded SBE's Engineer of the Year CORRESPONDENCE
Award. Wallace Johnson and Charles Sa- Editorial and Advertising: 9800 Metcalf, Overland
Park. KS 66212- 2215. Telephone: [phone]:
Ikegarni Electronics (USA, Inc.) and BTS koski also were named Fellows of the Editorial fax: [phone]. Advt. fax: [phone].
(Broadcast Television Systems) for the society. All 19ri9g4h tbsy rIensteerrvteecd .P uibljisihirngT ilarruc,
implementation of controlled edge en- PU BLISHINO
hancement using hue keying.
4 Broadcast Engineering November 1994
www.americanradiohistory.com
IKON'S
NEW
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Nikon's two new ENG lenses, the 515x8.5B1 -lII and versatile lenses available
the S9x5.5B1 -II are lighter, smaller and incorporate anywhere, at any price.
an internal focus system for greater flexibility and The S9x5.5B1 -II also features
ease of operation. Both boast aspheric lens internal focus, adjustable zoom
technology for high performance with minimal speed and zoom torque. And the
chromatic aberration. body and servo have been ergonomically redesigned
The S15x8.5B1 -111 Standard ENG lens is the for maximum comfort. With the highest zoom ratio
smallest, lightest and most compact in its class, and (9x) and wide angle of 5.5mm (77.3 °) this super wide
has a built -in 2.2x extender which gives you angle lens meets today's new digital demands.
280.5mm, the longest focal length in its class and a To learn more about the value of owning TV
Nikon exclusive. Add to that a convenient zoom Nikkor lenses and our overnight loaner lens service,
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WRIPIIMMIRE
Editorial
An "E" for effort
After attending the first World Media Expo last month in Los Angeles, I'm reminded
that this magazine was the first to publicly call for an alliance between the associa-
tions that founded the event. In September 1993, I wrote an editorial called "When
-
Pigs Can Fly," which acclaimed the associations' cooperative arrangement. The
October L.A. event marked the first of the group's attempts. Well did it work?
There was little agreement among the exhibitors as to the
show's overall success. Depending upon who you asked,
the responses ranged from:
"The show's a success."
"Too many radio attendees."
-
"Too many TV attendees."
"Attendance sucks but the quality is high."
There was little middle ground when it came to evaluating
the show's performance and location.
Some of the traditional big name companies were con-
spicuous by their absence. These companies announced
that after last year's poor showing at SMPTE in L.A., they
would adopt a "wait- and -see" position on this year's
exhibition.
There was not a major influx of new players either. Al-
though the exhibition's title includes "World," there was
little evidence of any international presence. Likewise, the
"Media" in World Media Expo turned out to mean only radio
and television. If the intent was to draw the multimedia
crowd to the show, it didn't work.
The lack of East Coast attendees was another concern to
the video exhibitors. While it was easy for those west of the
Rocky Mountains to get there, L.A. is a long way from
Manhattan and other East Coast pockets of video produc-
tion. Despite the positive spin put on by show organizers,
convention attendance was not spectacular. Marginal might be a better description.
In addition to the serious concern about the relatively low turnout, there was one
other common complaint. Exhibitors complained loudly about the convention's
location. "I hate coming to L.A," was a recurring statement. Although attendees
didn't seem to mind so much, those that pay the tab (the exhibitors) don't want to
repeat the L.A. venue every other year as is the current plan.
Was the show a success? The answer is yes and no. It wasn't a flop, but it certainly
wasn't the raging success we all hoped it would be. Even so, NAB did a good job for
a first try and should be given credit for helping to bring together the groups for a
combined effort. Overall, I'd give the show an "E" for effort.
Most exhibitors are looking forward to next year's New Orleans location. One
reason is the hoped -for higher attendance. Another often -mentioned reason is the
good food New Orleans is known for.
Next year's second -round effort should be better. Hopefully, everyone will come
away from next year's show saying it was the next best thing to the spring NAB
convention. See you in New Orleans.
Brad Dick, editor
6 Broadcast Engineering November 1994
www.americanradiohistory.com
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ar
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sLaancgkilneg Oref ysolnurccye 4lo8c kkendt A I SOUND GENERATOR
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t5
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Update
FCC
New agreements with
Mexico
By Harry C. Martin and
Andrew S. Kersting
The United States and Mexico have be- The MDS agreement establishes a pro-
gun implementation of three broadcast- cedure for the assignment of frequencies FCC celebrates 60th anniversary
ing agreements: an expanded AM band agree- and use of the 2,500- 2,686MHz frequency President Franklin D. Roosevelt ap-
ment, a new FM agreement, and a multipoint band for point- to-multipoint distribution pinr o1v9e3d4. leAgcicsolartdioinng elys, taobnl isOhcitn.4g -t7h, e1 9F9C4C,
distribution services (MDS) agreement. services within 80km on each side of the the FCC observed its 60th anniversary.
The agreements are effective immediately. common border. A station will not re- In 1934, the FCC employed 233 per-
The expanded AM band agreement es- quire coordination with the other admin- sons, including seven commissioners,
tablishes a procedure for the assignment istration if: 1) the power flux density of its and had a budget of $1.14 million. At
of AM broadcasting stations on the 10 signal does not exceed -70dBW/ square that time, the FCC regulated a broad-
channels in the 1,605- 1,705kHz frequen- miles at the border, and 2) the proper cast business consisting of 623 radio
cy band within a distance of 450km from polarization and frequency offset is ob- stations, and a telephone industry with
the common border. These frequencies served. Notification of the operating pa- 14 million phones and total revenues
had not been previously designated for rameters of such a station is still required. of N$o9w40, 6m0 iyllieoanr.s later, the FCC has five
broadcasting. Stations that are derived commissioners, 1,964 employees, and
from the allotments will be permitted Local duopoly rule a budget of $160.3 million. The broad-
maximum powers of 10kW during the Section 73.3555(a) states that no license for cast industry has grown to 21,640 sta-
day and 1kW at night. Other operations an AM or FM broadcasting station shall be tions (radio, TV and LPTV), and this
will be limited to a maximum power of granted if it will result in an overlap of the year the total revenues of the telephone
1kW day and night. principal community contour of that station industry will approach $200 billion.
and the principal community contour of
BROADCAST STATION TOTALS any broadcasting station directly or indirect- ferent service (AM or FM), the number o
ly owned, operated or controlled by the stations in the market includes stations
AM Radio 4,923 same party, except in these circumstances: whose principal community contour over-
FM Radio 5,070 In radio markets with 14 or fewer com- lap the principal community contours of
FM Educational 1,708 mercial radio stations, a party may own commonly owned station or stations in a
Total 11,701 up to three commercial radio stations, different service.
provided that the commonly owned stations, Audience share A station's audience
UHF Commercial TV 590 if other than a single AM /FM combination, share is the average number of persons
VHF Commercial TV 559 represent less than 50% of the stations in age 12 and up on an average quarter -
UHF Educational TV 240
VHF Educational TV 123 the market. No more than two can be in the hour basis, Monday- Sunday, 6 a.m.-mid-
same service (AM or FM). night, who listen to the station. It is ex-
Total 1,520 In radio markets with 15 or more com- pressed as a percentage of the average
mercial radio stations, a party may own number of persons listening to AM and
UVHHFF LLooww --PPoowweerr TTVV 152,072 3 up to two AM and two FM commercial FM stations in that radio metro market or
stations so long as the proposed acquisi- a recognized equivalent, in which a ma-
Total 1,550 tion will not result in a combined audi- jority of the overlap between the stations
ence share exceeding 25% . in question takes place. The combined
Broadcast stations licensed as of Aug. 31, 1994. Principal community contour: The prin- audience share is the total audience share
The FM agreement replaces the U.S: cipal community contour for AM stations of all AM or FM stations that would be
Mexico FM agreement of 1972. It affects is either the predicted or measured 5mV/ m under common ownership or control fol-
all FM stations and proposals within groundwave contour computed in accor- lowing a proposed acquisition. Where no
320km of the U.S.-Mexican border. The dance with §73.183 or §73.186. For FM metro market or recognized equivalent
technical criteria adopted under this stations, the principal community contour is exists, the relevant audience share data
agreement offer flexibility over those the predicted 3.16mV/ m contour computed is the data for counties that are within the
specified in the existing 1972 agreement. in accordance with §73.313. principal community contours of the sta-
Because of the added intermediate sta- Radio market: The number of stations in tions in question, in whole or in part.
tion classifications, the FM agreement a radio market is the number of commer-
will afford many U.S. FM stations in the cial stations whose principal community Dateline
border area, including those short - contours overlap with the principal com- owDneec.r s1h, ip1 9re94p,o irst st hfoer dcouem mdaetrec ifaolr s atantniounasl
spaced to Mexican FM stations, the op- munity contours of the stations in ques- in Alabama, Georgia, Connecticut, Massa-
portunity to upgrade. tion. Also, if the area of overlap between chusetts, Maine, Minnesota, New Hamp-
the stations in question is overlapped by shire, Rhode Island, Vermont, North Dako-
Manin and Kersting are attorneys with Reddy. Begley, Martin & the principal community contour of a com- ta, Montana and Colorado.
McCormick. Washington, DC. monly owned station or stations in a dif-
8 Broadcast Engineering November 1994
www.americanradiohistory.com