Along Came Google: A History Of Library Digitization PDF
Preview Along Came Google: A History Of Library Digitization
ALONG CAME GOOGLE Along Came Google A History of Library Digitization Deanna Marcum and Roger C. Schonfeld PRINCE TON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCET ON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2021 by Prince ton University Press Prince ton University Press is committed to the protection of copyright and the intellectual property our authors entrust to us. Copyright promotes the pro gress and integrity of knowledge. Thank you for supporting free speech and the global exchange of ideas by purchasing an authorized edition of this book. If you wish to reproduce or distribute any part of it in any form, please obtain permission. Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to permissions@press . princeton . edu Published by Prince ton University Press 41 William Street, Prince ton, New Jersey 08540 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR press . princeton . edu All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Control Number 2021940432 ISBN 978-0-691-17271-2 ISBN (e- book) 978-0-691-20803-9 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available Editorial: Peter Dougherty and Alena Chekanov Production Editorial: Jill Harris Jacket Design: Layla Mac Rory Production: Erin Suydam Publicity: James Schneider and Amy Stewart This book has been composed in Adobe Text and Gotham Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of Amer i ca 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Acknowl edgments vii Introduction 1 1 Collaborating for Access 14 2 The Dreamers 37 3 A Stunning Announcement: Libraries Jump On Board 72 4 Unlocking Access 96 5 The Acad emy Protests 105 6 Publishers, Legal Issues, Settlement 128 7 Seeking Complementarities: The Emergence of HathiTrust 160 8 Implications 188 Epilogue 205 Index 211 v ACKNOWL EDGMENTS This book had a long gestation period, and Peter Dougherty and the staff of Prince ton University Press supported us throughout. Instead of complaining about our failure to meet milestones, they offered encouragement. Instead of critiquing what we submitted in early drafts, they offered additional ideas for our consideration. We count ourselves sublimely fortunate to have had an opportunity to work with Peter. We are also grateful for the excellent reviewers he found for our manuscript. They, too, offered g reat ideas for strengthening our arguments, and the result is a greatly improved work. We acknowledge at the outset that we have played a part in many of the events we chronicle in this book and have been friends and colleagues of many of the key figures. Deanna Mar- cum has served in leadership roles at the Council on Library Resources, the Council on Library and Information Resources, the Library of Congress, and Ithaka S+R. Roger Schonfeld has been with the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and ITHAKA for his entire career, currently serves on the board of the Cen- ter for Research Libraries, and wrote the history of JSTOR. Although we have tried to remain impartial tellers of this story, we recognize that our professional histories no doubt color our perspectives. The real strength of this history is that so many key fig- ures in book digitization were willing to talk with us so can- didly. We are forever grateful to our colleagues and friends vii viii ACKNOWL EDGMENTS who made time to tell us how they experienced the early days of digitization and to reflect on the implications for schol- arly communication, broadly considered. This book is the story of those pioneers: Alan Adler, Ivy Anderson, Heather Christenson, Dan Clancy, Dan Cohen, Paul Courant, Robert Darnton, Laine Farley, Dale Flecker, Mike Furlough, Kevin Guthrie, Brewster Kahle, Michael Keller, Paul LeClerc, Tom Leonard, Mark Sandler, Richard Sarnoff, Donald Waters, and John Price Wilkin. We are also grateful to our many colleagues who talked with us about the framework for the book, the positions we have taken, and their thoughts about the implications of book digiti- zation. That list of valued friends is too long to acknowledge all of them properly, but we owe special thanks to Clifford Lynch, Lorcan Dempsey, Jessica Gardner, Kevin Guthrie, and Oya Rieger for taking time to talk again and again about our work. Thousands of individuals, far too many to name, contributed to the initiatives discussed in this study. And many more digi- tization experiments were pursued than we could cover in this proj ect, even though we fully recognize that so many proj ects made impor tant contributions. Each library that launched a digital proj ect helped build the digital future. We owe an apol- ogy to the great number of librarians, technologists, and pub- lishers who made invaluable contributions to book digitization whom we have not discussed in this book. Fi nally, we are grateful to one another. When we first dis- cussed this manuscript with Peter, he reminded us that it is not easier to write a book with a coauthor. In fact, he said, it is prob- ably harder. For us, it has been an invaluable example of how collaboration can work. We remain good friends at the end of this long pro cess, and we are convinced that our joint proje ct is better than what either of us could have produced individually. ALONG CAME GOOGLE
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