Almond disease management in the San - Stanislaus County PDF
Preview Almond disease management in the San - Stanislaus County
San Joaquin Almond Seminar Almond disease management in the San Joaquin Valley: Spring- and Summer- time diseases James E. Adaskaveg Professor University of California Riverside Overview of presentation • Overview of leaf and blossom diseases of recent economic importance • Currently registered and new fungicides for almond • Comparative efficacy of registered and new fungicides • Management of spring- and summer-time diseases • Management of resistance Common foliar and fruit diseases of almond in California Green fruit Brown rot rot/Jacket rot Anthracnose blossom blight Shot hole Scab Hull rot Alternaria leaf spot Rust Shifts in Almond Horticulture Less • Low density conducive • High volume, short irrigation environments, susceptible • Low/Moderate fertilization host •High density plantings More…. •Low volume, long irrigation •High fertilization Chemical disease control in almond production • There is an increasing arsenal of fungicides being introduced. • Many of the new developments are pre-mixtures. • Using the proper material is becoming more difficult and requires an increasing knowledge on the modes of action (fungicide classes), spectrum of activity, efficacy, and best usage strategies. • Goal: Use each class only once per season or rotate between pre-mixtures containing different classes. Fungicides for Managing Almond Diseases Single-fungicides - Inorganics and Conventional Synthetics Inorganics Dithiocarbamates Phthalimides Isophthalonitriles Guanidines Copper, Ziram, Bravo, Echo, Syllit Captan Sulfur (Maneb) M1 Equus M6 M2 M3 M4 1960s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1960s Benzimidazoles SDHIs Sterol inhibitors (DMIs) Anilinopyrimidines Endura, Topsin-M, Rally, Laredo, Orbit, Luna Privilege T-Methyl Vangard, 1 Indar, Quash, Inspire Xemium? Scala 1970s Dicarboximides 9 7 1960s 3 Rovral, 1970s – 1980s 1990s Iprodione, QoIs Hydroxyanilides Polyoxins Nevado 2 1980s Abound, Elevate Ph-D New in 2010 and beyond: Gem 19 17 11 Ph-D, Inspire, Quash, SDHIs sold 1990s 1960s 1990s only in combination. Multi-site mode of action Single-site mode of action Reduced risk fungicides New Bayer Fungicides FRAC 3/11 FRAC 7/11 FRAC 7/9 FRAC 3/7 Luna Privilege – Fluopyram FRAC 7 Tebuconazole FRAC 3 Trifloxystrobin FRAC 11 Pyrimethanil FRAC 9 Iprodione FRAC 2 New Syngenta Fungicides FRAC 3/3 FRAC 3/11 FRAC 3/9 FRAC 3/11 New BASF Fungicides Cabrio - Xemium - Pyraclostrobin Fluxapyroxad FRAC 11 FRAC 7 FRAC 7/11 Endura - Boscalid FRAC 7 FRAC 7/11 New Valent Fungicides New Arysta Fungicides Metconazole FRAC 3 Fungicides for Managing Almond Diseases Conventional Synthetic Fungicides – Pre-mixtures Luna Sensation Pristine Inspire XT Inspire Super BAS703? 7+11 7+11 3+3 3+9 2000s 2012s 2012s 2011s Adament Quilt Xcel Quadris Top New 33++1111 3+11 3+11 2007 2011s 2011s 3 DMIs 7 SDHIs 9 Anilinopyrimidines (APs) 11 QoIs Regalia, Natural products from plant extracts that Natural Actinovate, potentially will be OMRI approved were Products Cerebrocide evaluated for organic farming of almonds. 2000s
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