alma mater studiorum universit`a degli studi di bologna towards

109 Pages·2012·1.5 MB·English

ALMA MATER STUDIORUM
`
UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI BOLOGNA
Seconda Facolta` di Ingegneria
Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Informatica
TOWARDS MODEL DRIVEN SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT FOR ARDUINO
PLATFORMS: A DSL AND AUTOMATIC CODE
GENERATION
Elaborata nel corso di: Ingegneria dei Sistemi Software LM
Tesi di Laurea di: Relatore:
MIRCO BORDONI Prof. ANTONIO NATALI
Co-Relatore:
Prof ALESSANDRO RICCI
ANNO ACCADEMICO 2011-2012
SESSIONE I

KEYWORDS
Model Driven Software Development
Arduino
Meta-Modeling
Domain Specific Languages
Software Factory

Contents
Introduction ix
1 Introduction to Model Driven Software Development 1
1.1 Models and Meta-Models in Software Engineering . . . 2
1.2 Model Driven Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Model-Driven Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 From Standard to Domain Specific Modeling Language 8
1.5 Ecore and EMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 Domain Specific Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.7 XText and XTend2 Brief Introduction . . . . . . . . . 12
2 Embedded Systems 15
2.1 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.1 Software Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.2 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.3 Embedded Software Architectures . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.4 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 Introduction to Arduino 23
3.1 Arduino Software Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.4 Arduino Hardware Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4 Arduino DSL and Semantic Mapping 31
4.1 A First Domotic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2 Basic Arduino Meta-Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
v
4.3 DSL Syntactic Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3.1 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.3.2 Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.3.3 Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.4 Semantic Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.4.1 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.4.2 Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.5 Domotic Example Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5 Towards a System perspective 55
5.1 Provided Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.2 Structure of the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.3 Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.4 High Level Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.5 Semantic Mapping of System Perspective Concepts . . 62
5.5.1 TCP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.5.2 Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.5.3 Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.6 UDP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.7 Serial Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.8 Communication Params Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.9 Message Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.10 TCP Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.11 Serial Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.12 Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6 Code Generators Overview 73
6.1 Generators Access Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.2 MainArduinoGenerator Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.2.1 MainStructureGenerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.2.2 BasicLibrariesGenerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.2.3 HandlerGenerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.2.4 TaskGenerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.2.5 CommunicationGenerator . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.3 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
vi
7 A Case Study with Multiple Arduino Platforms 81
7.1 User Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7.2 Brief Requirements Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
7.3 Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
7.4 Domotic1 Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
7.5 Domotic2 Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
8 Conclusions And Future Development 97
8.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.2 Future Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
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viii
Introduction
The aim of this thesis is the production of a Meta-Model to character-
ize the main concepts introduced by a particular family of Embedded
Systems, named Arduino.
The Meta-Model will be defined trying to capture all the concepts
introduced by these kinds of Systems. The reference platform will be
Arduino because it is a widely used platform to easily realize hardware
systems.
Arduino provides a successful combination of good quality, low
complexity and low price. In fact, with an Arduino board and some
sensors or actuators everyone can create its own embedded system.
The production of a Meta-Model will lead to the implementation
of a Software Factory to enhance fast prototyping and fast implemen-
tation of Arduino systems, through automatic code generation. The
Meta-Model will be expressed through an EBNF that formally defines
a Domain Specific Language. The framework used to define the DSL
is XText. Such DSL has then been mapped on the proper Arduino
code through automatic code generation. This aims at providing a
programming language to write models, instance of the defined meta-
model, that will be mapped automatically on an Arduino program.
The thesis goes in this direction because Meta-Modeling and DSLs
areoneofthemaintrendsofSoftwareEngineeringofthelastfewyears
and they are gradually changing the way a Software is conceived and
produced, speeding up its development.
Once a Meta-Model of an Embedded System is defined, the level of
Abstraction has been raised trying to define some of the concepts that
characterizeaSystemofdifferententities,regardlessfromtheirnature.
All the newly introduced concepts will describe the System Structure
and the Interaction with the other components of the System, seen
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from each entity viewpoint.
The thesis is composed by eight chapters describing in order: what
Model Driven Software Development means, an introduction on Em-
bedded Systems, a brief description of Arduino, the defined Meta-
Model for an Arduino platform, the definition of the Meta-Model re-
lated to the System perspective, a brief overview of implemented code
generators, a Use Case and conclusions.
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