Alloy Steels PDF
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,/ .(1 REFERENC~ COPY. Elements of Heat Treatment GEORGE M. ENOS Late Professor of Metallurgical Engineering WILLIAM E. FONTAINE Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University " Bill Billett Drawings by FRANK ZOZZORA University of Delaware NEW YORK . JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. LONDON Ipyright, 1953, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. I rights reserved. This book or any part ereof must not be reproduced in any form thout the written permission of the publisher. :>rary of Congress Catalog Card Number: 53-8222 'inted in the United States of America IURTH PRINTING, SEPTEMBER, 1962 This book is the outgrowth...of notes used in the first course in Metal Processing given to freshman engineering students at Purdue University. It is an attempt to set down in simple straightforward language the basic fundamental theory involved in the heat treatment of metals. Today more than ever before, all engineers, not only the metallurgical engineer, become interested in the properties and the behavior of metals in the course of their design work. It is hoped that this book will fill a certain need felt by the engineer who is not specifically trained in metal lurgy, but who requires a knowledge of the basic principles in this spe- cialized area of knowledge. " Men who work with metals in industry need to know the "why" as well as the "how" in order that they may best discharge their duties. The authors hope that this book will prove of value to the many people who are eager to increase their knowledge. This is not the sort of book that requires documentation and ex tended reference to the literature. The authors have frequently con sulted the Metals Handbook, 1948 edition, published by the American Society for Metals, and Steel and Its Heat Treatment, 3 volumes, fifth edition, by Bullens, as edited by the Staff of Battelle Memorial Institute, published by John Wiley & Sons. Numerous other references were also consulted, but it would be an impractical task to try to acknowledge all sources of information and reference. Much of the elementary ma terial must of necessity now be considered as being in the field of com mon knowledge. Lafayette, Indiana April, 1953 Acknowledg ments The authors are particularly indebted to Professor R. W. Lindley, Chairman of Manufacturing Processes at Purdue University, who used the material in this book in lithoprint form in the freshman course in Metal Processing. He critically reviewed the complete manuscript and made many suggestions which the authors feel greatly strengthened the text. Special thanks are due to the late Professor John L. Bray, formerly Head of the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, and to Professor T. J. Hughel of the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at Purdue University, for their help in critically reviewing parts of the manuscript. Finally, the authors wish to acknowledge with cordial thanks, the many suggestions made by their colleagues and by their friends in indus try, who have been kind enough to review all or portions of the manu script. It is believed that due credit has been given in the captions of the illustrations or tables that have been reproduced without essential change. All other illustrations have been prepared by the authors. The authors take this opportunity to gratefully acknowledge the work of Professor Frank Zozzora of the University of Delaware in pre paring the descriptive illustrations generally seen at the beginning of chapters. It is felt that this type of illustration lends interest to the elementary text and depicts graphically some of the important basic concepts. Purdue University April, 1953 Contents 1 . The Nature of Metals and Alloys. 2 . The Mechanical Properties of Metals I I 3 . Steel 42 4 . The Mechanical Working of Metals 72 5 . Annealing and Normalizing 89 6 . Hardening by Quenching 116 7 . Tempering 140 8 . The Hardenability of Steels 156 9 . Alloy Steels . 193 10 . The Surface Hardening of Steel 223 11 . Cast Irons and Their Heat Treatment 238 12 . Heat Treatment of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys 250 13 . Equipment and Methods Used in Heat-Treating Practice 263 Index . i 277
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