alloy steel

270 Pages·2011·30.63 MB·English

ALLOY STEEL –
PROPERTIES AND USE

Edited by Eduardo Valencia Morales
Alloy Steel – Properties and Use
Edited by Eduardo Valencia Morales

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Publishing Process Manager Romana Vukelic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team
Image Copyright bluecrayola, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

First published December, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Alloy Steel – Properties and Use, Edited by Eduardo Valencia Morales
p. cm.
ISBN: 978-953-307-484-9
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Stainless Steels: New Approaches and Usages 1
Chapter 1 Alloy Steel: Properties and Use First-Principles
Quantum Mechanical Approach to Stainless Steel Alloys 3
L. Vitos, H.L. Zhang, S. Lu, N. Al-Zoubi, B. Johansson, E. Nurmi,
M. Ropo, M. P. J. Punkkinen and K. Kokko
Chapter 2 Review – Metallic Bipolar Plates and
Their Usage in Energy Conversion Systems 29
J. Richards and K. Schmidt
Part 2 New Insight in Microalloyed and Low-Alloy Steels 51
Chapter 3 Comments About the Strengthening Mechanisms
in Commercial Microalloyed Steels and Reaction
Kinetics on Tempering in Low-Alloy Steels 53
Eduardo Valencia Morales
Chapter 4 Effect of Niobium on HAZ Toughness of HSLA Steels 87
E. El-Kashif and T. Koseki
Part 3 Behaviour of Steels: Influence of the Enviroments 109
Chapter 5 Environmentally Assisted Cracking Behavior of Low
Alloy Steels in Simulated BWR Coolant Conditions 111
J. Y. Huang, J. J. Yeh, J. S. Huang and R. C. Kuo
Chapter 6 Influence of Dissolved Hydrogen on Stress Corrosion
Cracking Susceptibility of Nickel Based Weld Alloy 182 131
Luciana Iglésias Lourenço Lima, Mônica Maria de Abreu
Mendonça Schvartzman, Marco Antônio Dutra Quinan,
Célia de Araújo Figueiredo and Wagner Reis da Costa Campos
VI Contents

Chapter 7 SMAW Process in Terms of the Amount of Oxygen 155
Węgrzyn Tomasz
Chapter 8 Advanced Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels for
Ultra-Super-Critical (USC) Fossil Power Plants 171
Chengyu Chi, Hongyao Yu and Xishan Xie
Part 4 Fatigue in Steels: From the Basic to New Concepts 201
Chapter 9 Metal Fatigue and Basic Theoretical Models: A Review 203
S. Bhat and R. Patibandla
Chapter 10 A New Systemic Study Regarding the Behaviour
of Some Alloy Steels During Low Cycles Fatigue Process 237
Macuta Silviu

Preface

The main objective of this book is to show, in a logical sequence, a set of papers
presenting new ideas that have been the result of the great advance in the knowledge
of steel within the last few decades. Amongst the fundamental topics dealt with is the
relationship between steel's properties in terms of its structure and composition and
how this is affected by its surrounding environment (i.e. stresses, temperature, strains,
etc.).
It is not possible to affirm that one knows all the links of this chain with details. But
today, thanks to significant technological and theoretical advances, we know the
enough to understand the most important phenomena that take place in these
according to its uses. In this sense, a number of well-known specialists have consented
to write on the various principal branches in this subject and the editor has been
responsible for preserving a basic unit among the expert contributions.
Each section is devoted to new approaches and usages of the stainless steels, the
influence of the environments on the behavior of some class of steels, new structural
concepts to understand some fatigue processes and new insight on strengthening
mechanisms and toughness in micro-alloyed steels. The kinetics during tempering in
low-alloy steels is also discussed through a new set-up that uses a modified Avrami
formalism. And each section contains an updated list of references which will allow to
the readers to delve further into a particular subject.
I am grateful to the authors for their courtesy and patience, and hope that through
their efforts this book earns its place alongside the more cited books about alloy steels.
Finally, I should like here to acknowledge the sustained helpfulness and dedication of
the publisher's staff, in particular of Ms. Romana Vukelic by its insistence for
concluding this interesting project.

Dr. E. V. Morales
Department of Physics,
Central University of Las Villas, Villa Clara
Cuba