Alliance in Anxiety: Detente and the Sino-American-Japanese Triangle PDF
Preview Alliance in Anxiety: Detente and the Sino-American-Japanese Triangle
Detente and the Sino-American-Japanese Triangle Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. Editor THIRDDE LIGHT ~APAK'SF OREIGPKO LICYL M ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ The I~zter~zatio~zalizatoiof ~Hzi ghel A Qzrest for Normalcy Edzrcation in China Kevm J. Cooney Rui Yang ENGI~EERTIHNE CST; ATE RETHINKIJN,AGP ANI'DS ENTITIY\ ~ D The Hztai River and Reco~zstrztctioni n INTER~\AT~OR~OALLE Nationalist China, 1927-1 93 7 An Intercztltztral Perspective David A. Pietz Susanne IClein J,APA~\ESED IRECIT~ VEST~I\ ICEH~IITU Locatio~zalD etermi~zantsa nd Characteristics John F. Cassidy STATIIPSO \YER SHOIZO-KEK /apanese Foreign Policy Making A Late Medieval Daime Sukiya Style toward Korea Japanese Tea-hoz~se Isa Ducke Robin Noel Walker WORDSK ILL FROMT RAUSITIOTUO PO\ ER Destrztctio~zo f "Class Enemies" in ALTERUATIOU China, 1949-1 953 Democracy zn Soztth Korea, Cheng-Chi11 Wang 1987-1997 Carl 1. Saxer THET RIFIIiRTICU G AIIR~CLE Corporatmns, Workers, Bz~reaztzrats, and the Eroston of Japan's Nat~onal HISTOROYF JAPANESPEO LICIEINS Economy EDUCATIOANID TO DEVELOPING COIINTRIE19S5,0 s-1990s Satos111 Ikeda The Role of the Sztbgover~zmental STITE FORMITIOP~R, OPERTI Processes RELI TIO~SIU,D THE DE\ ELOPMEVT OF Takao Ihnibeppu THE TOKLJGi ~EVC OUO(~16I0~0 -1868) Grace H. Kwon A POLITICILE coho~kA UALYSOISF CH1U~'SC I\I L A\ 1iTIOU IUDIISTR~ OPE~INTHCE; DOOR hlark Dougan Immigration, Ethnicit): and Globalization in Japan THEB IBLEA KD THE GUY Betsy Brody Christianit)] in South China, 1860-1 900 THEP OLITICOFS L OCALITY Joseph Tse-Hei Lee Making a Nation of Communities i~zT aiwan Hsin-Yi Lu Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. Published in 2003 by Routledge 29 VC7est 35th Street New York, NY 10001 ~\~~v~v.routledge-ny.com Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE \x-\x-\x-.routledge.co.~~k Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor 8: Francis Group. Copyright O 2003 by Taylor 8: Francis Books, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Libvay of Congvess Cataloging-itz-PublicationD ata Ito, Go, 1966- Alliance in anxiety : dttente and the Sino-American-Japallese triangle1 by Go Ito. p. cm. (East Asia) Includes bibliographical references ISBN 0-41.5-93435-4 1. United States-Foreign relations-China. 2. United States-Foreign relation- Japan. 3. China-Foreign relations-United States. 4. Japa11-Foreign relation-United States. 5. China-Foreign relations-Japan. 6. Japa11-Foreign relations-China. 7. United States-Foreign relation-1969-1974. 8. Detente-History-20th century. 9. Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913- 10. Kissinger, Hens!; 1923- I. Title. 11. East Asia (New York, N.Y.) Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. To my parents Atsuo Ito and Kyoko Ito And my most patient wife Ayako Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. EDITEDB Y EDWARD BEAUCHAMP Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. CONTENTS Figures Chronology of Events Preface 1 Introduction: Detente and the Sino-American-Japanese Triangle 2 The Alliance Dilemma and the Structural Dynamics of Triangles 3 The Emergence of the Sino-American-Japanese "Romantic Triangle" 4 Japanese Economic Submission to the United States: A Response to the "Alliance Dilemma" 5 Sino-Japanese Normalization and the End of the American "Romantic Triangle" 6 Japan's Pursuit of Independence in Foreign Policy: A New Response to the "Alliance Dilemma" 7 Conclusion: An Analogy of the Triangle between the Detente Period and Today Bibliography Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. FIGURES Figure 1-1: Security Institutions in Western Europe and East Asia Figure 2-1 : Four Types of Triangles Figure 2-2: Three Phases in the Sino-American-Japanese Triangle Figure 2-3: Sino-Japanese Relations and the U.S.-Japan Relationship Figure 7-1: Commonalties between the Early 1970's and the Post-Cold War Era Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS 1969 Jan. 21 Nixon's inauguration Mar. 2 The Soviet-Chinese clash on DamanskyIZhenbao May 10-1 8 Secretary of Commerce Maurice H. Stans visits Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong IZong for textile negotiations. May 28 National Security Decision Memorandum 13 Jul. 25 The Guam Doctrine Nov. 10-12 Wakaizumi agrees with IZissinger on the secret agreement, which (1)a dmits of U.S. reentry of nuclear weapons after the U.S. return of Okinawa, and (2) exchanges Japan's export restraints over textiles for the U.S. reversion of Okinawa. The Nixon-Sato Meeting in Washington -They agree to the return of Okinawa in 1972. -They agree to the U.S. return of Okinawa and the Japanese concessions over textiles. 1970 Jan. 16 IZiichi Miyazawa became MITI minister for textile negotiations. Feb. 11 John B. Connally, former Governor of Texas, became Secretary of the Treasury in the Nixon administration. Mar. 9 The Japanese government presents the U.S. with nide-memoire indicating willingness to undertake selective export restraints if injury is proven. Jun. 22-24 The Stans-Miyazawa Meeting on Textiles Oct. 24 The Second Nixon-Sato Meeting in Washington Nov. 9- The Flanigan-Ushiba Talks on Textiles (until Dec. 13) Nov. 20 The U.N. General Assembly takes up the Important Question Resolution for the entry of the PRC. Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. xii Chronology of Events 1971 Mat 8 The Japanese textile industry announces its voluntary export restraint plan. Mat 11 Nixon rejects the Japanese industry's plan. Apr. 20- Ambassador I<ennedy visits Tokyo and other Far Eastern countries in pursuit of textile negotiations (until May 31). May 31- Kennedy's second round of negotiations (until Jul. 15) ~ ~ 141 . Japan announces an eight-point program to reduce its balance of payments surplus, including increased import liberalization, accelerated cuts in tariffs, promotion of capital investment, reduction of nontariff barriers, and so forth. Jun. 15- Takeiri's First Visit to Beijing (until Jul. 6) Jun. 17 The U.S. and Japan signs the reversion of Okinawa. Jul. 5 Sato reorganizes the cabinet, with Takeo Fukuda as Foreign Minister and Kakuei Tanaka as MITI Minister. Jul. 15 Nixon announces his incoming visit to China ("The First Nixon Shock"). Ju~2.0 - Third Kennedy textile mission (until Aug. 8) Aug. 13- President Nixon holds a secret meeting of senior economic and White House officials at Camp David (until Aug. 15). Aug. 15 Nixon announces the New Economic Policy ("The Second Nixon Shock"). Japan does not suspend foreign exchange trading, and the Bank of Japan continues to buy dollars at the 1 dollar = 360 yen rate until August 28. Aug. 28 The Japanese government closes the foreign exchange market. Sep. 15 Group of Ten finance ministers meet in London, but the meeting fails to resolve the dispute. Sep. 22 Sato decides to co-sponsor Taiwan's U.N. seat with the United States. Sep. 25 The G-10 meeting for the IMF and World Bank annual meeting. Oct. 15 Tanaka and Kennedy initial "Memorandum of Understanding" limiting Japanese exports of textiles to the United States. Oct. 25 The U.N. General Assembly negates the Important Question Resolution, and votes to accept the PRC as China representative. Nov. 9- Treasury Secretary Connally's visit to Japan (until Nov. 11) Nov. 10 Tokyo Governor Minobe passes the "Hori letter" to Zhou Enlai. Copyright 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
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