Alleviating malnutrition through agriculture in Bangladesh

150 Pages·2005·0.69 MB·English

ALLEVIATING MALNUTRITION
THROUGH AGRICULTURE IN
BANGLADESH: BIOFORTIFICATION
AND DIVERSIFICATION AS
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON
ALLEVIATING MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION
THROUGH AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH:
BIOFORTIFICATION AND DIVERSIFICATION
AS LONG-TERM, SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS,
GAZIPUR AND DHAKA, BANGLADESH
APRIL 22–24, 2002
EDITORS
NANNA ROOS
Department of Human Nutrition
The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
Copenhagen,Denmark
HOWARTH E.BOUIS
International Food Policy Research Institute
Washington,D.C.,U.S.A.
NAZMUL HASSAN
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science
University of Dhaka
Dhaka,Bangladesh
KHANDAKER AMINUL KABIR
Grain Quality and Nutrition Division
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute
Gazipur,Bangladesh
Organized by
the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, D.C.;
the Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka;
and the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur
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Published 2004
Cover photo:Helen Keller International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Workshop on Alleviating Malnutrition through Agriculture in Bangladesh
(2002 : Dhaka, Bangladesh)
Alleviating malnutrition through agriculture in Bangladesh : biofortification and
diversification as sustainable solutions : [Dhaka and Gazipur, Bangladesh, April
22–24, 2002] / editors Nanna Roos, Howarth E. Bouis, Nazmul Hassan, and
Khandaker Aminul Kabir.
p. cm.
“Proceedings of the Workshop on Alleviating Malnutrition through Agriculture
in Bangladesh.”
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-89629-730-6 (alk. paper)
1. Malnutrition—Bangladesh—Congresses. 2. Nutrition policy—Bangladesh—
Congresses. 3. Agriculture and state—Bangladesh—Congresses. I. Roos, Nanna.
II. Bouis, Howarth E. III. Hassan, N. (Nazmul) IV. Kabir, Khandaker A. V. Title.
RA645.N87W663 2002
362.196′39′0095492—dc22
2004017464
CONTENTS
Abbreviations ix
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
PART I
OPENING SESSION
1. Introduction 3
2. Workshop Goals,Structure,and Recommendations 14
PART II
PRESENTATIONS
Summary of Presentations 23
Biofortification
3. Global Efforts to Breed for More Nutritious Crops 29
H.E.Bouis
4. Breeding for Iron-Dense Rice in Bangladesh 35
K A.Kabir,M.Haque,M.A.Hossain,S.S.Dipti,and I.Tetens
5. Rice in the Bangladeshi Context:Consumption,Preferences,
and Contribution to Energy Intake and Satiety 40
I.Tetens and S.H.Thilsted
6. Dietary Diversity in Bangladesh:Evidence from the Nutritional Surveillance Project 44
H.Torlesse,H.Moestue,A.Hall,S.de Pee,L.Kiess,and M.W.Bloem
7. Relating the Bangladeshi Diet to Iron Deficiency 50
H.E.Bouis
v
vi CONTENTS
Fruits and Vegetables
8. Addressing Nutritional Problems with Homestead Gardening:
CARE’s Experience in Bangladesh 61
M.I.Khan and S.Begum
9. Homestead Gardening for Combating Vitamin A Deficiency:
The Helen Keller International,Bangladesh,Experience 68
A.Taher,A.Talukder,N.R.Sarkar,V.N.Bushamuka,A.Hall,S.de Pee,
R.Moench-Pfanner,L.Kiess,and M.W.Bloem
10. Alleviating Malnutrition through Horticulture 75
S.M.Monowar Hossain
11. Pulses in Bangladesh:Production,Problems,Prospects,and Future Plans 81
M.Shahjahan
Fish
12. Nutritional Impact of For-Profit Vegetable and Fishpond Production 87
H.E.Bouis
13. Lessons and Experience in Inland Fisheries Management and
the Impact on Consumption of Fish 94
G.Md.N.Islam,P.M.Thompson,and P.Sultana
14. Small Indigenous Fish Species in Aquaculture in Bangladesh:
Contribution to Vitamin A,Calcium,and Iron Intakes 101
N.Roos,S.H.Thilsted,and Md.M.Islam
15. Culture Potentials of Small Indigenous Fish Species in Semi-Intensive
Polyculture with Carp 108
A.H.M.Kohinoor and M.A.Wahab
Poultry and Dairy
16. Semiscavenging Poultry Production Model:
Role in Egg and Meat Production in Rural Bangladesh 117
P.E.Schmidt
17. Promotion of Smallholder Dairy Production in Bangladesh 121
M.A.Samad Khan and M.H.Rashid
PART III
THE CLOSING SESSION
18. Welcome and Introduction:The Challenge to Link Agriculture Production
to Human Nutrition and Health Needs 127
Nazmul Hassan
19. Better Dietary Quality for the Future Generations in Bangladesh 130
Motiur Rahman Nizami
20. Food-Based Solutions to Malnutrition to Ensure Good Health and
Improved Productivity 133
Ayub Quadri
CONTENTS vii
21. The Contribution of Plant Breeding to a Sustainable Reduction in
Micronutrient Deficiency 136
S.B.Siddique
List of Contributors 139
Appendix 1: Program, April 22–24 141
Appendix 2: List of Participants 145
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank
BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Bangladesh
BARI Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh
BFRI Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Bangladesh
BIRDEM Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes,
Endocrine, and Metabolic Disorders, Bangladesh
BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, Bangladesh
BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh
CBFM Community-Based Fisheries Management
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance, Denmark
DLS Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
GOB Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
HKI Helen Keller International
HRC Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh
ICDDR,B International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
ICLARM International Center for Living Aquatic Resource Management
IDD iodine deficiency disorder
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IHE Department of Human Nutrition, KVL, Denmark
INFS Institute of Nutrition and Food Science
IPHN Institute of Public Health Nutrition
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
KVL The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark
NGO nongovernmental organization
ix
x ABBREVIATIONS
NSP Nutrition Surveillance Project
SIS small indigenous fish species
UDDIPAN United Development Initiatives for Programmed Actions
USAID U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S.A.
FOREWORD
This volume presents the proceedings of a workshop titled “Alleviating Micronutrient Malnutri-
tion through Agriculture in Bangladesh: Biofortification and Diversification as Long-Term, Sus-
tainable Solutions.” The premise of the presentations and discussions was the urgent need to
create a new paradigm for agriculture—where agriculture’s vital role in providing nutrients for
human populations is assimilated into research, investment, and policy decisions by the agricul-
ture sector as well as the health and nutrition sectors.
The workshop comprised two sessions. The first, held at the BRAC Centre for Development
Management, Rajendrapur, Gazipur, on April 22–23, 2002, was attended by an interdisciplinary
group of approximately 40 participants involved in research and applied activities to improve
agricultural production and human health and nutrition in Bangladesh. The group discussed
various topics linking agriculture with nutrition and health and developed recommendations for
policies and follow-up actions. These discussions were summarized and the recommendations
presented at a one-day closing session held at the Sasakawa Auditorium at ICDDR,B in Dhaka
on April 24.
At the closing session, Mr. Motiur Rahman Nizami, minister for Agriculture and chief guest
of the workshop, and special guest Mr. Ayub Quadri, secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, deliv-
ered speeches1 confirming the steadfast commitment of the GOB to solving the widespread
problem of malnutrition. Mr. Nizami emphasized the important connection between the nutri-
tional status of the population and economic development for Bangladesh. Better dietary quality
means healthier children with improved cognitive abilities. Future generations of mothers will be
better nourished, giving birth to even healthier and smarter children with the potential to make
important contributions to economic growth. Mr. Quadri explained that solutions for a range of
nutritional deficiencies rely on interdisciplinary communication between plant scientists and
1These speeches are included in the Closing Session section.
xi
xii FOREWORD
human nutritionists. He emphasized that the GOB must provide the necessary resources to
reduce the unacceptably high level of malnutrition. Another special guest at the closing session,
Dr. S.B. Siddique, director general, BRRI, pointed out the unexplored potential of plant breeding
to make a significant, low-cost, sustainable contribution to reducing micronutrient deficiencies
in the Bangladeshi population.
Nanna Roos
Department of Human Nutrition
The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
Copenhagen, Denmark
Howarth Bouis
International Food Policy Research Institute
Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Nazmul Hassan
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science
University of Dhaka
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Khandaker Aminul Kabir
Grain Quality and Nutrition Division
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute
Gazipur, Bangladesh