Allergy and Allergic Diseases, 2 Volume Set PDF
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9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:57 Page i Allergy and Allergic Diseases Allergy and Allergic Diseases, 2nd edition. Edited by A.B. Kay, A.P. Kaplan, J. Bousquet, P.G. Holt. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-405-15720-9. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:57 Page ii To our wives: Rosemary, Lee, Hélène and Barbara Commissioning Editor: Maria Khan Development Editor: Jennifer Seward Production Controller: Debbie Wyer CD produced by: Meg Barton and iBooks Production Services .. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:57 Page iii Allergy and Allergic Diseases Editor-in-Chief A. Barry Kay MD, PhD, FRCP, DSc, FRSE, FMedSci Emeritus Professor of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK Editors Allen P. Kaplan MD The National Allergy, Asthma, and Urticaria Centers of Charleston; Professor, Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Jean Bousquet MD, PhD CHU Montpellier, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Patrick G. Holt DSc, FRCPath, FAA Head, Division of Cell Biology, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia SECOND EDITION FOREWORD BY K. FRANK AUSTEN, MD In two volumes Volume 1 A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication .. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:57 Page iv This edition first published 2008, © 1997, 2008 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Allergy and allergic diseases / edited by A.B. Kay...[et al.]; foreword by K. Frank Austen. – 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-1-4051-5720-9 (alk. paper) 1. Allergy. I. Kay, A.B. [DNLM: 1. Hypersensitivity–immunology. 2. Allergens–immunology. 3. Asthma–immunology. 4. Immunotherapy. WD 300 A4326 2008] RC584.A348 2008 616.97–dc22 2008000958 ISBN: 978-1-4051-5720-9 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 9/12pt Meridien by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed & bound in Singapore by Fabulous Printers Pte Ltd. 1 2008 .. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:58 Page v Contents List of Contributors, ix Part 2 Inflammatory Cells and Mediators Foreword, xvii 11 Mast Cells: Biological Properties and Role in Health and Allergic Diseases, 217 Preface, xviii Peter Bradding and Glenn Cruse 12 Eosinophils: Biological Properties and Role in Health VOLUME 1 and Disease, 258 The Scientific Basis of Allergy Simon P. Hogan, Helene F. Rosenberg, Redwan Moqbel, Simon Phipps, Paul S. Foster, Paige Lacy, A. Barry Kay and Part 1 Immunology of the Allergic Response Marc E. Rothenberg 13 Neutrophils: Biological Properties and Role in Health 1 Allergy and Hypersensitivity: History and and Allergic Diseases, 295 Concepts, 3 Alison M. Condliffe, Andrew S. Cowburn and A. Barry Kay Edwin R. Chilvers 2 Development of Allergy and Atopy, 23 14 Basophils: Biological Properties and Role in Allergic Catherine Thornton and Patrick G. Holt Diseases, 320 3 T Cells and Cytokines in Asthma and Allergic Gianni Marone, Giuseppe Spadaro and Arturo Genovese Inflammation, 48 15 Leukocyte Adhesion in Allergic Inflammation, 337 Chris Corrigan Michelle J. Muessel and Andrew J. Wardlaw 4 Regulatory T Cells and Other Tolerogenic Mechanisms 16 Airway Epithelium, 366 in Allergy and Asthma, 83 Pedro C. Avila and Robert P. Schleimer Catherine Hawrylowicz and Cezmi A. Akdis 17 Airway Vascularity in Asthma, 398 5 IgE and IgE Receptors, 103 John W. Wilson Brian J. Sutton, Andrew J. Beavil, Rebecca L. Beavil and James Hunt 18 Fibroblasts and the Extracellular Matrix, 412 Lynne A. Murray, William G. Glass, Anuk M. Das and 6 Immunoglobulin Gene Organization and Expression Geoffrey J. Laurent and Regulation of IgE, 119 Hannah J. Gould and David J. Fear 19 Immune Complexes and Complement: Their Role in Host Defense and in Disease, 436 7 Environmental Factors in IgE Production, 141 Michael M. Frank and C. Garren Hester Anne Tsicopoulos, Catherine Duez and Andrew Saxon 20 Bradykinin Pathways and Allergic Disease, 451 8 Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells and Macrophages, Allen P. Kaplan 166 Bart N. Lambrecht and Hamida Hammad 21 Chemokines, 471 James E. Pease and Timothy J. Williams 9 Innate Immunity in Allergic Disease, 187 Ian Sabroe 22 Neurotrophins, 494 Wolfgang A. Nockher, Sanchaita Sonar and Harald Renz 10 Signal Transduction in Allergic and Inflammatory Cells, 203 23 Neuropeptides, 511 Rafeul Alam David A. Groneberg and Axel Fischer v .. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:58 Page vi Contents 24 Late-phase Allergic Reactions in Humans, 524 41 Airway Smooth Muscle, 874 Yee-Ean Ong and A. Barry Kay Stuart J. Hirst Part 3 Pharmacology Part 5 Allergens 25 Antihistamines, 551 42 Biochemistry of Allergens and Recombinant Allergens, F. Estelle R. Simons and Keith J. Simons 895 Rudolf Valenta 26 Lipid Mediators: Leukotrienes, Prostanoids, Lipoxins, and Platelet-activating Factor, 566 43 Host Responses to Allergens, 913 Sophie P. Farooque, Jonathan P. Arm and Tak H. Lee Wayne R. Thomas and Belinda J. Hales 27 Theophylline and Isoenzyme-selective 44 Allergen Extracts and Standardization, 928 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, 634 Ronald van Ree Mark A. Giembycz 45 Grass, Tree, and Weed Pollen, 942 28 Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists, 668 Jean Emberlin Tony R. Bai 46 Fungi as Allergens, 963 Cathryn C. Hassett, W. Elliott Horner, Estelle Levetin, 29 Cholinergic Antagonists, 683 Nicholas J. Gross Laurianne G. Wild, W. Edward Davis, Samuel B. Lehrer and John Lacey 30 Antileukotriene Agents, 694 47 Dust Mites and Asthma, 984 Graeme P. Currie and Brian J. Lipworth Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills and Judith A. Woodfolk 31 Glucocorticosteroids, 715 48 Animal Allergens, 997 Peter J. Barnes Adnan Custovic and Angela Simpson 32 Immunomodulating Drugs, 732 49 Airborne Allergens and Irritants in the Workplace, 1017 Iain A.M. MacPhee Xaver Baur 50 Allergens from Stinging Insects: Ants, Bees, and Part 4 Physiology Vespids, 1123 Te Piao King and Rafael I. Monsalve 33 Physiologic Aspects of Asthma, 749 51 Cockroach Allergens, Environmental Exposure, and Philip W. Ind and Neil B. Pride Asthma, 1131 34 Aerosol Delivery Systems, 768 Martin D. Chapman and Anna Pomés Thomas G. O’Riordan and Gerald C. Smaldone 52 Food Allergens, 1146 35 Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, 783 Ricki M. Helm and A. Wesley Burks Guy F. Joos 53 Latex Allergy, 1164 36 Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction: Animal Models, Robyn E. O’Hehir, Michael F. Sutherland, Alexander C. Drew 794 and Jennifer M. Rolland Arthur N. Freed and Sandra D. Anderson 37 Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction: Human Models, 808 Part 6 Animal Models of Asthma Arthur N. Freed and Sandra D. Anderson 54 Primate Models of Allergic Asthma, 1187 38 Sensory and Autonomic Nervous System in Asthma and Charles G. Plopper, Suzette M. Smiley-Jewell, Lisa A. Miller, Rhinitis, 823 Michelle V. Fanucchi, Michael J. Evans, Alan R. Buckpitt, Bradley J. Undem and Kevin Kwong Mark V. Avdalovic, Laurel J. Gershwin, Jesse P. Joad, 39 Mucus and Mucociliary Clearance in Asthma and Radhika Kajekar, Shawnessy D. Larson, Kent E. Pinkerton, Allergic Rhinitis, 840 Laura S. Van Winkle, Edward S. Schelegle, Emily M. Duncan F. Rogers Pieczarka, Reen Wu and Dallas M. Hyde 40 Biology of Vascular Permeability, 857 55 Airway Remodeling in Small Animal Models, 1202 Peter Clark Clare M. Lloyd vi .. .. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:58 Page vii Contents 56 Are Animal Models of Asthma Useful?, 1214 69 Management and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis, 1430 Reinhard Pabst Jean Bousquet and Michael A. Kaliner 70 Nasal Polyps and Rhinosinusitis, 1454 Index Wouter Huvenne, Paul Van Cauwenberge and Claus Bachert 71 Ocular Allergy, 1482 VOLUME 2 Avinash Gurbaxani, Virginia L. Calder and Susan Lightman Allergic Diseases: Etiology, Diagnosis 72 Mechanisms in Allergen Injection Immunotherapy, and Treatment 1510 Stephen J. Till and Stephen R. Durham Part 7 Etiology and Pathology 73 Allergen Injection Immunotherapy: Indications and 57 Genetics of Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis, 1225 Practice, 1522 Saffron A.G. Willis-Owen, Miriam F. Moffatt and Hans-Jørgen Malling William O.C. Cookson 74 Sublingual Immunotherapy, 1543 58 Epidemiology of Asthma, Atopy, and Atopic Disease, 1239 G. Walter Canonica and Giovanni Passalacqua Debbie L. Jarvis, Seif O. Shaheen and Peter Burney 75 Novel Approaches to Allergen Immunotherapy, 1555 59 The Allergy March, 1259 Mark Larché Ulrich Wahn 60 Outdoor Air Pollution and Allergic Airway Disease, 1266 Part 10 Asthma and its Treatment Gennaro D’Amato 61 Indoor Air Pollution, 1279 76 Definition, Clinical Features, Investigations, and Paul Harrison, Rebecca Slack and Sanjeev Bagga Differential Diagnosis of Asthma, 1567 Piero Maestrelli,Gaetano Caramori, Francesca Franco and 62 Molecular Immunopathology of Allergic Disease, 1290 Leonardo M. Fabbri Susan Foley and Qutayba Hamid 77 Asthma in Infancy and Childhood, 1591 John O. Warner Part 8 Diagnosis of Allergic Disease 78 Pathogenesis of Asthma, 1608 Stephen T. Holgate 63 Principles and Practice of Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Disease, 1321 79 Pathology of Asthma, 1632 Anthony J. Frew and A. Barry Kay Peter K. Jeffery, A. Barry Kay and Qutayba Hamid 64 Skin Testing in Diagnosis and Management of 80 Management of Chronic Asthma, 1650 Respiratory Allergic Diseases, 1335 Peter J. Barnes Pascal Demoly, Anaïs Pipet and Jean Bousquet 81 Anti-IgE in Persistent Severe Allergic Asthma, 1661 65 Allergy Testing in the Laboratory, 1346 Marc Humbert, Stephen T. Holgate, Howard Fox and Steven O. Stapel and Jörg Kleine-Tebbe Jean Bousquet 66 Measurement of Markers of Inflammation in Induced 82 Occupational Asthma, 1687 Sputum and Exhaled Air, 1368 Paul Cullinan and Anthony J. Newman Taylor Ian D. Pavord and Dominick E. Shaw 83 New Drugs for the Treatment of Allergy and Asthma, 1712 Trevor T. Hansel, Ed Erin,Onn Min Kon and Peter J. Barnes Part 9 Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Immunotherapy Part 11 Eosinophil-associated Disease and 67 Definition and Classification of Allergic Rhinitis Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Upper Airways Diseases, 1383 Wytske Fokkens and Jean Bousquet 84 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis, 1743 68 Pathophysiology of Allergic Rhinitis, 1402 André-Bernard Tonnel, Stéphanie Pouwels-Frys and Peter H. Howarth Isabelle Tillie-Leblond vii .. .. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 17:58 Page viii Contents 85 Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis/Hypersensitivity 93 Food Allergy and Eosinophilic Gastroenteropathies, 1921 Pneumonitis, 1757 Scott H. Sicherer and Hugh A. Sampson Michael C. Zacharisen and Jordan N. Fink 94 Drug Hypersensitivity, 1943 86 Pulmonary Eosinophilia, 1779 Werner J. Pichler Jean-François Cordier and Vincent Cottin 95 Hypersensitivity to Aspirin and other NSAIDs, 1966 87 Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, 1802 Andrzej Szczeklik, Ewa NiLankowska-Mogilnicka and Hans-Uwe Simon Marek Sanak 96 Insect Sting Allergy, 1980 Ulrich R. Müller Part 12 Allergy and the Skin 88 Atopic Dermatitis, 1813 Part 14 Prevention of Allergic Disease Julia D. Proelss and Thomas Bieber 89 Contact Dermatitis, 1831 97 Prevention of Allergic Disease, 1997 David I. Orton and Carolyn M. Willis Susan L. Prescott and Bengt Björkstén 90 Urticaria and Angioedema, 1853 98 Prevalence of Atopic Disorders in a Developing World: Allen P. Kaplan Pitfalls and Opportunities, 2020 Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Taniawati Supali and 91 Mastocytosis, 1878 Laura C. Rodrigues Nataliya M. Kushnir-Sukhov, Dean D. Metcalfe and Jamie A. Robyn Index Part 13 Anaphylaxis and Allergy to Food and Drugs 92 Anaphylaxis, 1897 M. Rosario Caballero, Stephen J. Lane and Tak H. Lee Companion CD-ROM A companion CD-ROM is included at the end of Volume 2 with: • the complete text of both volumes • a full text search function • over 300 of the text figures in full colour viii .. .. 9781405157209_1_pre1.qxd 4/10/08 18:12 Page ix List of Contributors Cezmi A. Akdis Tony R. Bai Division of Physiology Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Professor of Medicine ABC Karolinska Institutet (SIAF) Head, Respiratory Division Stockholm, Sweden Davos, Switzerland University of British Columbia; James Hogg iCAPTURE Center Jean Bousquet Rafeul Alam St. Paul’s Hospital CHU Montpellier Professor & Head Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Service des Maladies Respiratoires Division of Allergy & Immunology HôpitalArnaud de Villeneuve National Jewish Medical and Research Center; Peter J. Barnes Montpellier, France University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Head of Respiratory Medicine Denver, Colorado, USA Airway Disease Section National Heart and Lung Institute Peter Bradding Sandra D. Anderson Imperial College London Professor of Respiratory Medicine Principal Hospital Scientist London, UK University of Leicester Department of Respiratory Medicine & Sleep Glenfield Hospital Medicine Xaver Baur Leicester, UK Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Head of the Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin Camperdown und Maritime Medizin; Alan R. Buckpitt Melbourne, New South Wales, Australia Chair in Occupational Medicine California National Primate Center and Schools University Medical Center of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine Jonathan P. Arm Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany University of California Harvard Medical School; Davis, California, USA Brigham and Women’s Hospital Andrew J. Beavil Boston, Massachusetts, USA Senior Lecturer in Asthma A. Wesley Burks King’s College London Mark V. Avdalovic MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Professor and Chief California National Primate Center and Schools Mechanisms of Asthma Pediatric Allergy and Immunology of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine The Randall Division of Cells & Molecular Duke University Medical Center University of California Biophysics Durham, North Carolina, USA Davis, California, USA London, UK Peter Burney Pedro C. Avila Rebecca L. Beavil Professor of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Northwestern University Feinberg School Postdoctoral Research Fellow Health of Medicine King’s College London National Heart and Lung Institute Department of Medicine MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Imperial Collegeof Science, Technology and Division of Allergy-Immunology Mechanisms of Asthma Medicine Chicago, Illinois, USA The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular London, UK Biophysics Claus Bachert London, UK M. Rosario Caballero Chief of Clinics Head, Upper Airway Thomas Bieber King’s College London; Guy’s Hospital Research Laboratory Professor and Chair London, UK University Hospital Ghent Department of Dermatology & Allergy Ghent, Belgium University of Bonn Bonn, Germany Virginia L. Calder Sanjeev Bagga Department of Clinical Ophthalmology Institute of Environment and Health Bengt Björkstén Institute of Ophthalmology Cranfield University The National Institute of Environmental University College London Cranfield, UK Medicine/IMM London, UK ix .. ..
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