Allergic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment

480 Pages·2007·4.167 MB·English

by  Gloria E. Akan MD, Robert F. Lemanske Jr. MD (auth.), Phil Lieberman MD, John A. Anderson MD (eds.)

Allergic Diseases
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C (cid:1) C (cid:1) P
U R R E N T L I N I C A L R A C T I C E
NEIL S. SKOLNIK, MD • SERIES EDITOR
Practical Evaluation and Management Coding: A Four-Step Guide
for Physicians and Coders, by Christopher L. Taylor, 2007
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and S. R. Pandi-Perumal, 2008
Essential Practice Guidelines in Primary Care, edited byNeil S. Skolnik,
2007
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Practical Guide for Primary Care,
edited by Anita Nelson and JoAnn Woodward, 2007
Allergic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment, Third Edition, edited
by Phil Lieberman and John A. Anderson, 2007
Headache and Chronic Pain Syndromes: The Case-Based Guide
to Targeted Assessment and Treatment, Dawn A. Marcus, 2007
Bone Densitometry in Growing Patients: Guidelines for Clinical Practice,
edited by Aenor J. Sawyer, Laura K. Bachrach, and Ellen B. Fung, 2007
The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management,
edited by Donna Shoupe and Siri L. Kjos, 2006
Obstetrics in Family Medicine: A Practical Guide, Paul Lyons, 2006
Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnancy and the Postpartum: Principles and
Treatment, edited by Victoria Hendrick, 2006
Disorders of the Respiratory Tract: Common Challenges in Primary Care,
edited by Matthew L. Mintz, 2006
Cardiology in Family Practice: A Practical Guide, Steven M. Hollenberg
and Tracy Walker, 2006
Bronchial Asthma: A Guide for Practical Understanding and Treatment,
Fifth Edition, edited by M. Eric Gershwin and Timothy E. Albertson,
2006
Dermatology Skills for Primary Care: An Illustrated Guide, Daniel J.
Trozak, Dan J. Tennenhouse, and John J. Russell, 2006
Thyroid Disease:A Case-Based and Practical Guide for Primary Care, Emanuel
O. Brams, 2005
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A D
LLERGIC ISEASES
D T
IAGNOSIS AND REATMENT
T E
HIRD DITION
Edited by
P L ,
HIL IEBERMAN MD
Allergy Associates, Cordova, TN
and
J A. A ,
OHN NDERSON MD
Aspen Medical Center, Fort Collins, CO
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© 2007 Humana Press Inc.
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necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
Due diligence has been taken by the publishers, editors, and authors of this book to assure the accuracy of
the information published and to describe generally accepted practices. The contributors herein have
carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in
accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as new research, changes
in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug
reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manu-
facturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications. This is
of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug. It is the
responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual pa-
tients. Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug
Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice. The publisher, editors, and
authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from the application of the
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To Barbara
P. L.
and
To Nicole
J. A. A.
v
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Preface
Allergic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd Edition is intended for the “front-
line” physician who cares for the allergic patient. We have tried, once again, to
make it as “user friendly” and clinically oriented as possible.
Our approach to the principles of pathophysiology is intended to allow them
to be easily applied to the rationale for therapy. The major intent therefore is still
to help the primary care physician deal with the day-to-day management of the
allergic patient.
The arrangement of this text is similar to that of the first edition, with the major
emphasis being on common allergic diseases and the pharmacologic tools we use
to control them. To this end two new chapters have been added, one on
antihistamines and the other on antileukotrienes. In addition, a new chapter has
been added to help the physician deal with the child who experiences recurrent
respiratory tract infections.
Many of the authors, because of the superb job they did with their first
contributions, have been asked for an encore. However, to keep our approach
fresh, some of these authors have been asked to write different chapters, and new
contributors have been solicited.
Regardless of these changes, the thrust of the text remains the same—to
disseminate the practical knowledge that we have accumulated in almost 70
years of practice and teaching in the field of allergy and immunology. As with
the first and second editions of Allergic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment, our
greatest hope is that the message has been delivered clearly, effectively, and in
a manner that allows its easy application by the physician caring for those who
suffer with allergic disease.
Phil Lieberman, MD
John A. Anderson, MD
vii
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Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................... vii
Contributors................................................................................................. xi
1 Allergic Disease: Pathophysiology and Immunopathology......................... 1
Gloria E. Akan, MD and Robert F. Lemanske, Jr., MD
2 Approach to the Allergic Patient............................................................. 15
Bruce L. Wolf, MD
3 Diagnostic Tests in Allergy....................................................................... 27
Dennis R. Ownby, MD
4 Environmental Allergens .......................................................................... 39
Scott H. Sicherer, MD and Peyton A. Eggleston, MD
5 Anaphylaxis................................................................................................. 51
Lori Kagy, MD and Michael S. Blaiss, MD
6 Insect Sting Allergy .................................................................................... 71
Robert E. Reisman, MD
7 The Child With Asthma............................................................................. 83
Mary V. Lasley, MD
8 Asthma in Adults: Diagnosis and Management..................................... 107
Huamin Henry Li, MD, PhD and Michael A. Kaliner, MD
9 Allergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis and Treatment............................................ 143
Dennis K. Ledford, MD
10 Sinusitis and Otitis Media....................................................................... 167
Jonathan Corren, MD and Gary S. Rachelefsky, MD
11 Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Allergy ....................................... 181
Leonard Bielory, MD
12 Urticaria and Angioedema...................................................................... 199
Albert F. Finn, Jr., MD
13 Atopic Dermatitis...................................................................................... 217
Stacie M. Jones, MD, Ariana Buchanan, MD,
and A. Wesley Burks, MD
14 Contact Dermatitis and Other Contact Reactions .............................. 249
Jere D. Guin, MD
15 Food Allergy and Intolerance................................................................. 271
John A. Anderson, MD
ix
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x Contents
16 Allergic and Allergic-Like Reactions to Drugs
and Other Therapeutic Agents .......................................................... 295
John A. Anderson, MD
17 Antihistamines .......................................................................................... 319
Vivian P. Hernandez-Trujillo, MD and Phil Lieberman, MD
18 (cid:71)-Adrenergic Agonists............................................................................. 335
Clifton T. Furukawa, MD and Matthew J. Lodewick, MD
19 Theophylline.............................................................................................. 343
Elliot F. Ellis, MD
20 Antileukotriene Agents in the Management of Asthma................... 361
Sheldon L. Spector, MD
21 Cromolyn and Nedocromil:
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
for Asthma and Other Allergic Diseases ............................................... 367
Stephen F. Kemp, MD
22 Anticholinergic Agents in Respiratory Diseases ................................ 379
Juan L. Rodriguez, MD
23 Glucocorticoid Therapy in Asthma....................................................... 385
Joseph D. Spahn, MD and Ronina Covar, MD
24 Anti-IgE Therapy...................................................................................... 403
Robert Q. Lanier, MD
25 Environmental Control of Respiratory Indoor Allergens................. 417
Steven Morman, MD and Edward M. Zoratti, MD
26 Allergen Immunotherapy ....................................................................... 429
Roger W. Fox, MD and Richard F. Lockey, MD
27 Controversies in Allergy and Allergy-Like Diseases......................... 445
Abba I. Terr, MD
28 The Patient With ‘Too Many Infections’............................................... 453
J. Morgan Knight, Mary E. Paul, MD,
and William T. Shearer, MD, PhD
Index............................................................................................................ 475
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Contributors
Gloria E. Akan, MD • Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Departments
of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Hospital and
Clinics, Madison, WI
John A. Anderson, MD • Aspen Medical Center, Fort Collins, CO
Leonard Bielory, MD • Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Ophthalmology;
Director, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, UMDNJ–New
Jersey Medical School, University Heights, Newark, NJ
Michael S. Blaiss, MD • Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical
Immunology, University of Tennessee School of Medicine, Memphis, TN
Ariana Buchanan, MD• Peachtree Allergy and Asthma Clinic, Atlanta, GA
A. Wesley Burks, MD • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Duke University
Medical Center, Durham, NC
Jonathan Corren, MD • Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, UCLA School
of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
Ronina Covar, MD • Ira J. and Jacqueline Neimark Laboratory of Clinical
Pharmacology in Pediatrics, Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Allergy
and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical
and Research Center, Denver, CO
Peyton A. Eggleston, MD • Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department
of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Elliot F. Ellis, MD • St. Petersburg, FL
Albert F. Finn, Jr., MD • Clinical Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Internal
Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina;
National Allergy, Asthma, and Urticaria Centers of Charleston, Charleston, SC
Roger W. Fox, MD • Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of South Flordia College of Medicine; James A. Haley
Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL
Clifton T. Furukawa, MD • Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, Department
of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
Jere D. Guin, MD • Professor Emeritus of Dermatology, University of Arkansas
for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
Vivian P. Hernandez-Trujillo, MD• Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,
Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL
Stacie M. Jones, MD • Arkansas Children’s Hospital; Department of Pediatrics,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
Lori Kagy, MD • Arkansas Allergy and Asthma Clinic, Little Rock, AR
Michael A. Kaliner, MD • Institute for Asthma/Allergy at Washington Hospital
Center, Washington, DC
Stephen F. Kemp, MD • Division of Allergy and Immunology, Departments
of Medicine and Pediatrics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center
School of Medicine, Jackson, MS
xi
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xii Contributors
J. Morgan Knight • Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX
Robert Q. Lanier, MD • Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of North Texas
Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
Mary V. Lasley, MD• Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, Department of
Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
Dennis K. Ledford, MD• Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department
of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida; James A. Haley Veterans
Hospital, Tampa, FL
Robert F. Lemanske, Jr., MD • Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and
Rheumatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University
of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
Huamin Henry Li, MD,PhD • Institute for Asthma and Allergy and Johns Hopkins
Asthma and Allergy Center, Chevy Chase, MD
Phil Lieberman, MD• Allergy and Asthma Care, Cordova, TN
Richard F. Lockey, MD • Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Public Health,
Joy McCann Culverhouse Chair in Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Director,
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Internal
Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine; James A. Haley
Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL
Matthew J. Lodewick, MD • Clinical Practice, San Ramon and Berkeley, CA
Steven Morman, MD • Clinical Practice, Allergy and Dermatology Associates,
Canton, OH
Dennis R. Ownby, MD • Department of Pediatrics (Allergy and Immunology),
Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
Mary E. Paul, MD • Department of Pediatrics (Allergy and Immunology), Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Gary S. Rachelefsky, MD • Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine,
Los Angeles, CA
Robert E. Reisman, MD• Buffalo Medical Group, Williamsville, NY
Juan L. Rodriguez, MD• Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,
Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
William T. Shearer, MD, PhD • Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department
of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
Scott H. Sicherer, MD • Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
Joseph D. Spahn, MD • Ira J. and Jacqueline Neimark Laboratory of Clinical
Pharmacology in Pediatrics, Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Allergy
and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical
and Research Center, Denver, CO
Sheldon L. Spector, MD • California Allergy and Asthma, Los Angeles, CA
Abba I. Terr, MD • San Francisco, CA
Bruce L. Wolf, MD • Nashville, TN
Edward M. Zoratti,MD• Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,
Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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