Allelopathic Effects of Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on the Root Development of Four Cultivar Plants in Their Early Growth Stages

2012·0.58 MB·

by  Zhang Qiu-Ju-

植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 ,34 ( ):
摇 2012 4 391~396
Plant Diversity and Resources :
摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 DOI 10.3724/SP.J.1143.2012.11172
人参皂苷对 4 种栽培作物早期根系发育的化感效应*
张秋菊1,2, 张爱华1, 杨 鹤1, 张连学1**
摇
吉林农业大学中药材学院 吉林长春 通化师范学院生物系 吉林通化
(1 , 摇 130118; 2 , 摇 134001)
摘要: 人参 西洋参能通过根系分泌三萜皂苷等化感物质 严重影响后茬人参的生长 但对人参以外的植
、 , ,
物是否具有化感效应尚不清楚 本实验研究了不同质量浓度的人参皂苷对小麦 白菜 黄瓜及绿豆 种常
。 、 、 4
见栽培作物早期根系发育的影响 结果发现人参皂苷处理液 和 -1 对 种作物主根及
, (25、 50 100mg·L ) 4
不定根的发育影响不尽相同 随着处理质量浓度的升高 小麦 白菜 黄瓜根系活力分别比同组 明显
。 , 、 、 CK
降低 根长 根鲜重也呈降低趋势 各浓度人参皂苷处理对黄瓜和绿豆下胚轴不定根的数量 根长 根鲜
, 、 。 、 、
重及根系活力的影响均未达到显著水平 但二者抗氧化酶的活性都微有升高 总之 人参皂苷对 种栽培
, 。 , 4
作物的主根发育均有抑制作用 尤其对小麦 黄瓜主根生长的抑制作用较强 但对黄瓜和绿豆不定根发育
, 、 ;
的影响不明显
。
关键词: 人参皂苷 根系 发育 下胚轴 不定根 化感效应
; ; ; ; ;
中图分类号: 文献标识码: 文章编号:
Q945摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 A摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 2095-0845(2012)04-391-06
Allelopathic Effects of Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng
on the Root Development of Four Cultivar Plants
in Their Early Growth Stages
1,2 1 1 1**
ZHANG Qiu鄄Ju , ZHANG Ai鄄Hua , YANG He , ZHANG Lian鄄Xue
CollegeofChineseMedicinalMaterials JilinAgriculturalUniversity
(1 , ,Changchun130118,China;
DepartmentofBiology TonghuaNormalUniversity
2 , ,Tonghua134001,China)
Abstract
: Some allelochemicals, including ginsenosides secreted from the roots of ginseng and American ginseng,
have beenconsideredtoplayaregulatoryroleinpopulationregeneration. Thisstudywasconductedtoinvestigatethe
allelopathic effects of ginsenosides on the root development of several cultivar plants at the early growth stage. The
different inhibitions in wheat, cabbage, and cucumber roots resulting from ginsenosides treatment at different con鄄
centrations were observed. Therootvigorofthethreereceptorplantsconstantlydecreasedcomparedwiththecontrol
when the treatment concentrationincreased;therootlengthandrootfreshweightexhibitedsimilartrends. However,
ginsenoside treatment showed negligible effect on the hypocotyl adventitious roots of cucumber and mung bean. The
root number, root length, root fresh weight, androotvigorshowednosignificantchanges;however,theantioxidant
enzyme activities were slightly enhanced compared with that of the control. These results indicate that the ginsen鄄
osides inhibited the root growth of all indicator plants, and these inhibitory effects were stronger on wheat and cu鄄
cumber thanoncabbage. However,noevidenceindicatesthatginsenosidesinhibitedthegrowthofhypocotylcuttings
of cucumber and mung bean.
Key words
: Ginsenosides; Root; Development; Hypocotyls; Adventitious roots; Allelopathic effect
*Foundationitems:TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(31070316) andNationalScience&TechnologyPillarProgramduring
theEleventhFive鄄yearPlanPeriod(2007BAI38B01)
**Authorforcorrespondence;E鄄mail:[email protected]
Receiveddate:2012-04-05, Accepteddate: 2012-05-16
作者简介 张秋菊 女 博士 副教授 主要从事植物生理生态学研究
: (1968-) , , , 。 E鄄mail:[email protected]
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Panax ginseng
摇 C.A. Mey. is an important tra鄄 mined. Furthermore, no studies on the effects of al鄄
ditional herb that belongs to the Araliaceae family lelochemicals on adventitious root development have
and is widely cultivated in the Changbai mountain been reported to date. The present study aims to (i)
area of Jilin Province (Liu and Xiao, 1992). Gin鄄 demonstrate the allelopathic effects of ginsenosides
seng cannot be cultivated consecutively on the same on the root growth and development of wheat, cab鄄
plot of land within 30 years, or its yield and quality bage, and cucumber, and (ii) determine the allelo鄄
et al
would be greatly reduced (Jin ., 2006). pathic activity of ginsenosides on the adventitious
Plants can diffuse organic compounds into the roots of cucumber and mung bean.
environment, which then accumulate in the rhizo鄄
Materials and methods
sphere zone and affect the growth and development of
Plant materials
neighboring plants both positively and negatively, a
phenomenon called allelopathy (Inderjit and Duke, The dried roots of four鄄year鄄old ginseng were
2003). The allelochemicals are mainly plant second鄄 obtained from Fusong town, Jilin Province, China.
Triticum aestivum Brassica
ary metabolites that can be released via volatilization, Wheat ( L.), cabbage (
chinensis Cucumis sativus
root exudation,leaching,and plant residue decompo鄄 L.), cucumber ( L.), and
Vigna radiate
sition in soil. Researchers believe that the irregular mung bean ( R. Wilozak) were chosen
cultivation of ginseng is caused by soil deterioration, as indicator plants in the allelopathy bioassay and hy鄄
pathogenic fungal accumulation, and allelochemicals pocotyl adventitious root development experiments.
et al et al
in soil (Chen ., 2006; Zhang ., 2008; Lei All tested seeds were purchased at the seed鄄market.
et al Ginsenosides extraction and identification
., 2010a). Hence, a rational rotation is one of
the workable solutionsto the limitationsin ginseng re鄄 Total ginsenoside (TGS) was prepared from
et al
planting. However, some allelochemicals found in ginseng roots according to Zhang . (2011).
ginseng soil not only inhibits ginseng growth,but also Distilled water was added to the root powder (v 颐w
disrupts the growth of other plants, such as wheat, =10 颐 1), and the mixture was soaked overnight,
cabbage, maize, burdock, and rhubarb, among oth鄄 extracted three times in an ultrasonicator for 30 mi鄄
et al
ers (Liu and Wang,2010; Lei .,2010b). nutes, and vacuum鄄filtered. The combined filtrate
Ginsenosides are major pharmaceutically active was loaded onto D101 extraction columns. Eluents
compounds found in the different tissues of ginseng, with 80% ethanol were evaporated to dryness and
et al
especially in the roots (Zhang ., 2005). Yang purified using anhydrous ethanol, and the TGS con鄄
et al
. (1982) first detected ginsenosides in the tent was determined via high鄄performance liquid
root exudates of ginseng. Ginsenosides collected from chromatography (HPLC >80%). The TGS was dis鄄
American ginseng is present at levels approximating solved and diluted in distilled water to three concen鄄
et al -1 -1
0.06% of the soil dry weight (Nicol .,2003). trations namely, 25 mg·L , 50 mg·L , and 100
-1
Reports have confirmed that ginsenosides in ginseng mg·L and the solutions were stored at 4 益 in the
and American ginseng can affect the growth of soil鄄 dark for use in the subsequent experiments.
Bioassay
borne pathogens, as well as seed germination, an鄄
tioxidant enzyme activities, and root vigor through Twenty grains of wheat and cucumber seeds (or
the action of active allelochemicals (Yousef and Ber鄄 50 grains for cabbage) were surface鄄sterilized and
et al et al
nards, 2006; Zhang ., 2009; Zhang ., individually sown in 20 cm伊20 cm伊10 cm culture
et al
2011; Lei ., 2011). box containing clean glass sand. Approximately 10
However, the effect of ginsenosides in old gin鄄 mL each of the previously prepared solutions (25,
-1
seng soil on other cultivar plants remains to be deter鄄 50, and100mg·L ) of TGS was added to contain鄄
期 et al Panax ginseng
4 摇 摇 摇 摇 ZHANG Qiu鄄Ju .: Allelopathic Effects of Ginsenosides from on the Root …摇 摇 摇 摇 3摇93
ers following a previously described procedure (Nic鄄 All treatments were arranged in a completely
et al et al
ol ., 2003; Zhang ., 2011). The controls randomized design, with four replications each. The
RI
received only deionized water. All boxes were sealed response index ( ) was calculated following the
RI
with plastic films and incubated in the dark at25 益 method of Williamson (1998) using the equation,
C/T T C RI T/C T C C
followed by a12h/12h light/dark cycle until germi鄄 =1鄄 ( 逸 ) or = 鄄1 ( < ), is the
T
nation. The glass sands were kept moist with the control, and means treatment value. The data were
same volume of half鄄strength Hoagland爷s solution analyzed via one鄄way ANOVA using the SPSS 17.0
(pH 5.6) throughout the entire experiment period. statistical software (SPSS Inc., USA), followed by
The root length (RL) and root fresh weight (RFW) multiple comparisons via the least significant differ鄄
were measured after six days incubation. The root ence (LSD) tests at the 0.05 or 0.01 level.
length/seedling height value (R/S) was calculated.
Results and discussion
Root vigor (RV) was measured according to the
Allelopathic activities of TGS on wheat cabbage
method prescribed by Gao (2006). , ,
Hypocotyls adventitious root incubation and cucumber roots
Presoaked cucumber and mung bean seeds were The allelopathic potential of TGS from ginseng
placed on two layers of moistened filter paper on a on wheat, cabbage, and cucumber root growth and
10 cm鄄diameter Petri鄄dish and incubated for 48 h in development during an early growth stage was deter鄄
the dark at25益. The uniform radicals were collect鄄 mined. The inhibitory rate increased with the in鄄
ed, and their root tips were cut off. The hypocotyls crease in treatment concentration (Table 1). The
were cut into 1.5 cm segments and placed in a con鄄 changes in the RL and RFW of the three receptor
tainer filled with glass sand at 20 cuttings per box. plants showed similar trends with low to high TGS
The treated groups were irrigated with or without 10 concentrations. However, significant differences in
-1 -1
mL of 25 mg·L to 100 mg·L TGS. All treat鄄 the RV values of wheat, cabbage, and cucumber
ments and controls were kept in 1/2 half鄄strength were found. The strongest inhibition of RV was ob鄄
-1
Hoagland爷s solution to maintain the appropriate served in cucumber after treatment with 100 mg·L
moisture. After six days of incubation in the dark at TGS, whereas the minimum RV was detected in cab鄄
25益, the roots were harvested,and their growth pa鄄 bage at a lower concentration. These results suggest
rameters were measured. Antioxidant enzyme activi鄄 that TGS exhibited similar allelopathic effects on di鄄
ties were measured after treated 48 h of treatment. cotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), Moreover, TGS may play the same role during the
and catalas (CAT) activities were determined fol鄄 early growth of cultivar plants other than ginseng and
lowing the method prescribed by Gao (2006). American ginseng. However, the cause of the differ鄄
Statistical analysis
ent allelopathy on cabbage RV cannot be determined.
RI
Table1摇 Responseindex( ) ofTGSonrootdevelopmentinwheat,cabbageandcucumber
TGS RL RFW RV
concentration
/mg·L-1 wheat cabbage cucumber wheat cabbage cucumber wheat cabbage cucumber
25 -0.031* -0.144摇 -0.252* -0.124 -0.152 -0.355** -0.238 +0.034 -0.262*
50 -0.027* -0.428* -0.188摇 -0.085 -0.186 -0.307*摇 -0.480** -0.019 -0.038摇
100 -0.105** -0.509* -0.282* -0.238* -0.225* -0.426** -0.268 -0.080 -0.908**
RI RI * **
+indicatesgrowthpromotion; -indicatesgrowthinhibition. and indicatesignificantdifferencesbetweenthetreatmentsatthe0.05and
0.01 levelsrespectively. RL:rootlength,RFW:rootfreshweight,RV:rootvigor
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摇 The R/S is typically used to describe the corre鄄 creased. Nevertheless, no evidence to indicates that
lation between aboveground and underground seed鄄 the effect of TGS on the adventitious roots of hypo鄄
ling growth. In this study, the R/S values (seed鄄 cotyls is greater more than that on the roots.
Allelopathic activities of TGS on the antioxidant
lings data not shown) of wheat and cucumber all de鄄
enzyme of cucumber and mung bean adventi鄄
clined compared with that of the control, except that
tious roots
of cabbage. In particular, the R/S value of cucum鄄
ber showed the most significant decline at 24.2%, In response to environmental stress, plants can
14.7%, and 25.3% comparing with the control. produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which
Therefore, the roots may be more sensitive to cause oxidative damage to the cell membrane. How鄄
TGS than the seedlings. This finding is consistent ever, ROS scavengers such as SOD, POD, and CAT
et
with a previous report on allelopathic mechanism protect against the damaging effects of ROS (Qian
et al et al al
(Weir ., 2004; Zhang ., 2011). ., 2009; Duke, 2010). SOD is primarily respon鄄
Allelopathic activities of TGS on cucumber and
sible for ROS scavenging, whereas POD and CAT
mung bean adventitious root
are primarily responsible for the decomposition of
The changes in the root number, RL, RFW, peroxidant. Exposure to allelochemicals, significant鄄
and RV of adventitious roots of cucumber and mung ly stimulates the SOD and POD activities of some
et al et al
bean hypocotyl cuttings after TGS treatment were de鄄 plant species. (Weir ., 2004; Huang .,
termined respectively (Table 2). TGS showed no 2010). Table 3 clearly indicates the different chan鄄
significant effect on the number of adventitious roots ges in the antioxidant enzyme activities of the adven鄄
of the two plants. The number of adventitious roots titious roots of two plants in response to different
of mung bean slightly increased with increased TGS TGS concentrations. The SOD activities in the cu鄄
concentration, whereas that of cucumber decreased cumber adventitious root were drastically enhanced,
only at higher concentrations. Higher TGS concen鄄 but the POD activities of the adventitious root of cu鄄
trations slightly inhibited the adventitious root devel鄄 cumber increased compared with that of the control.
-1
opment in cucumber, whereas lower concentrations The maximum POD appeared after 100 mg·L TGS
promoted the process. The maximum RV index was treatment. Meanwhile, the CAT activities also
-1
observed after 100 mg·L TGS treatment. This slightly increased compared with the SOD and POD
dose鄄dependent response, which is a common allelo鄄 activities, but no significant difference was found
chemical phenomenon, has been documented in va鄄 between the values. However, all enzyme activities
et al
rious plants (Zhang ., 2008; Duke, 2010; Bi in the mung bean adventitious root showed no signifi鄄
et al
., 2010). By contrast, both the RL and RFW cant change at the three concentrations, although
were stimulated after TGS application at different they showed increasing trends.
concentrations, whereas the RV of mung bean de鄄
RI
Table2摇 ofTGSontheadventitiousrootdevelopmentincucumberandmungbean
TGS RL RFW RV
concentration
/mg·L-1 cucumber mugbean cucumber mugbean cucumber mugbean
25 +0.070 +0.054 +0.051 +0.022 +0.085 -0.147
50 -0.075 +0.102 -0.003 +0.077 -0.019 -0.206
100 -0.038 +0.028 +0.013 +0.008 -0.148* -0.294
*P **P
<0.05; <0.01. Forothernotes,seeTable1.
期 et al Panax ginseng
4 摇 摇 摇 摇 ZHANG Qiu鄄Ju .: Allelopathic Effects of Ginsenosides from on the Root …摇 摇 摇 摇 3摇95
RI
Table3摇 ofTGSontheantioxidantenzymeactivitiesofthecucumberandmungbeanadventitiousroots
TGS -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
SOD/U·g FW·min POD/U·g FW·min CAT/U·g FW·min
concentration
/mg·L-1 cucumber mungbean cucumber mungbean cucumber mungbean
0 (CK) 39.11依0.25 35.13依0.08 115.61依3.87 122.43依2.05 30.16依0.56 28.32依0.21
25 46.42依0.39 31.87依0.45 123.82依0.65 127.45依0.94 34.23依0.18 26.28依0.55
50 57.73依0.48* 39.08依0.27 138.77依1.41 129.72依1.56 36.87依0.47 35.13依0.34
100 59.32依0.16* 49.54依0.95 152.11依5.01* 138.17依3.75 41.13依2.08 40.76依0.58
*P **P
<0.05; <0.01. Forothernotes,seeTable1
Manihot esculenta Raphanus sativus
摇 Underground plants are highly susceptible to sava ( Crantz) on radish (
Lolium perenne Allelopathy Jour鄄
L.) andryegrass ( L.) [J].
soil allelochemicals during the different seedling sta鄄 nal 25
, (1):155—162
ges, possibly due to their high metabolic speed (In鄄
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World Sci鄄
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growth stage of several cultivar species in the present
enceandTechnology鄄ModernizationofTraditionalChineseMedicine
study. These findings suggest that TGS accumulated andMateriaMedica 世界科学技术 中医药现代化 8
( - ), (1):
in old ginseng soil not only disrupted the reseeding
84—86
雷锋杰 张爱华 方斯文 etal
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), (9):557—582 (1):40—45
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中国科技核心期刊、 中国农业核心期刊、
全国中文核心期刊、 全国优秀农业期刊
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植物遗传资源学报 是中国农业科学院作物科学研究所和中国农学会主办的学术期刊 为中国
《 》 ,
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、 , 《 》
据库 中文科技期刊数据库收录 据中国期刊引证研究报告统计 年度 植物遗传资源学报
、 。 , 2011 《 》
影响因子 影响因子在自然科学与工程技术类学科排序第 名
1.396。 9 。
报道内容为大田 园艺作物 观赏 药用植物 林用植物 草类植物及其一切经济植物的有关植
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学 基因发掘 鉴定 克隆 基因文库建立 遗传多样性研究
; 、 、 、 、 。
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