Allegory and Nietzschean Values in Kafka, Camus, and Kazantzakis

98 Pages·2017·7.26 MB·English

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All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies
5-1981
AAlllleeggoorryy aanndd NNiieettzzsscchheeaann VVaalluueess iinn KKaaffkkaa,, CCaammuuss,, aanndd
KKaazzaannttzzaakkiiss
Paul Kenneth Naylor
Utah State University
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ALLEGOARNYD N IETZSCHVEAALNU ES
INK AFKAC,A MUSA,N DK AZANTZAKIS
by
PaulK enneNtahy lor
A thesissu bmittiendp artiaflu lfillment
oft her equiremefnotrts h ed egree
of
MASTEORF A RTS
in
English
Approved:
UTAHS TATUEN IVERSITY
LoganU,t ah
1981
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In1 97I5m ,e ttw moe wnh ion itdia antndeu rtumreie ndm ys tudies
oft heolaongdpy h ilos-o-RpehvyE. u geHnieg naenyDd r J.a mBeosy ack.
Iw oullidk teot hatnhke m fboogrti hv imnetg h etiirm aen tdh eir
insight.
Iw oullidk teot haGnekn Wea shinfgotsrou ng gesats itnugod ny
allegaonrfdyo ern courmaegw iinthghi ssa gaed vitco"e j ussitdt o wn
ansdt awrrti tinRgo.Sn"m itihn'csi sive ocnrt ihtiwisoc rihksa ms
helmpeg reat(lIwy o.u allds loi kteot hahnikfm o rpr ovtihnagat
generaclaisnst ti slulc ceed).
Duritnhgle a sfto uyre arAsd,eR no sasn Bd ilSlm ihtahv bee en
myg uidtehsr otuhgleha byroifnA tcha de-m-icIaa hno nesstaltyyh at
Iw ounlodbt e w heIra em o rw hIoa mw ithtohuetai drv iacnecd o ncern.
Bumto stIlt yh,a mnykp are-n-tmsyd ebttot heamn mdy l ovfeo r
·theimsb eyotnhdre e aocfhw or.ds
-·(A lstoo,t hfei elodfPs r ovidfeoncrca el,m miene gn ough
tow rit.e . · )
iii
TABLOEF C ONTENTS
Page
. . . . . .
ACKNOWLEDGE.ME.NT S ii
. . .. . ... . . .
ABSTRA.CT. . iv
.. . . . . . . . . . . .
INTRODUCT.I ON 1
Chapter
I. A DEFINITOIFOA NL LEGO.RY• 4
EtymoloagnydH istoorfyt heT erm 5
TheC ontenotfA llego.ry•. 9
TheI ntentioofnA llego.r.y• •. 14
II.ALLEGOARNYD V ALUIEN S PENSEARN DN IETZSCHE 18
AllegoirnyT heF c1�rQluee ene. . • • •. • . 19
Spensearn dt heC hristian SVyasltueem 21
AllegoirnyT husS pokZea rathus.t ra• •. • . 27
Nietzscahnedt heE xistentViaallu e System2 9
NietzschOev'esr manK:a fkaC,a musa,n d
Kazantza.k is. . . . • . . 3.8 . • . . . .
III.ALLEGOIRNYK AFKAC,A MUSA,N DK AZANTZAKIS 40
Allegorical InitneK natfikoaCn,a musa,n d
Kazantza.k is• . .. •. .• . . 41
TheD aemonic iAgnKe anftk a, Camus, and
Kazantza•k is. . • . . . . 44. . . . . . .
TheC osmiIcm agien K afkaC,a musa,n d
Kazantza•ki.s . . . •. •.. 49
IV.NIETZSCHVEAALNU EISN K AFKAC,A MUSA,N D
KAZANTZ.AK.I,S . . . ... 54
Kafkaan dt heC ame.l. 55
Camuasn dt heL ion. .• .• 63
Kazantzaaknidst heC hil.d .. • 71
. . . . . . . .
CONCLUSION 78
. .. ... .
NOTE.S . • . . 81
. . . . . . . . . .
BIBLIOGRA.P HY 89
iv
ABSTRACT
Allegoarnyd N ietzschVeaalnu es
inK afkaC,a muasn dK azantzakis
by
PaulK enneNtahy lor
Masteorf A rts
UtahS tatUen iversi1t9y8,1
MajoPrr ofessoEru:g enWea shington
DepartmenEtn:g lish
Thep uropseo ft hist hesiiss t oe xplorNiee tzschean
valueass t heya ppeairn t hremeo deranl legorieFsr:a nz
KafkaT'hse C astlAel,b erCta musT'h eP laguea,nd N ikos
KazantzakZiosr'bt ah eG reekT.h ei ntenits t oi llustrate
FriedriNcihe tzschteh'rse set ageosf t heo vermaanst hey
appltyo K afkaC,a musa,n dK azantzakis.
(91p ages)
INTRODUCTION
Whyd oesm anv aluweh ath ev aluesI?n o nef ormo r
anothetrh,i sa pparenstilmyp lqeu estihoans h aunteadn d
provokmeydt hinkifnogr t hel asts ixy ears--leamdeit nog
wandeirn tot hel abyrinotfht sh eologpyh,i losopahnyd,
literatiunrh eo peo ff indinag c ogents,a tisfyainnsgw er.
I soonl earnetdh atl abyrinftrhuss tramteet dh em ostw hen
I feltI hads omewhetroeg o,s omewhebreey ontdh el aby­
rinth--l"ihkeea veonr"" truth.I" a lsol eardn ieti sa ll
tooe asyt oo verlotohke b eautoyf t hel abyrinitths elwfh en
I focusemdye nergayn dv aluoen s omethionugt sitdhee m aze.
UnlikTeh.e seus--wwahsgo i veonn lyo net hreabdyA riadne
tol eadh imt hrouMgihn osl'a byrinthh-a-vIet wot hreads
guidinagn df ocusimnego na patht hrougthh ist hesism,y
preselnta byrtihn: AnguFsl etchetrh'eso royf a llegoarnyd
FriedriNcihe tzschpeh'isl osoopfhv ya lue.F letchtearu ght
met hata llegofruys etso gethaerrt a ndp hilosoipnhtyoa
modeo fe xrpessiwohni cohf tetnr anscebnodtsh d isciplines.
Nietzscthaeu ghmte ,a bovael l,t hatw es houlsde ekt o
understtahnids l abyrinth-wloirklefd o rw hati tr eally
is--laa byrinth--tahnedne,,m braceev erpya rto fi t. My
intentiiosnt ow indt hestew ot hreadasl,l egoarnyd v alue,
intoo neb ye xaminitnhgev alusey steimnsa llegorilciatl­
eraturceo,n centraotnim nogd erwno rkdsi rectilnyf luenbcye d
Nietzschael'lse gorTyh,u sS pokZea rathustra.
2
ChapteOrn eo ft hist hesiiss a definitoifom ny f irst
threada,l legorBya.s eodn F letchesre'msi nwaol rko nt he
genreA,l legorTyh:e T heoroyf a SymbolMiocd ei,t s etsu p
thec riterfioar d eterminiifna g w orko fl iteratiusra en
allegoorryn ot.B ye mphasiztihnegd oublien tentioofn
allegortyh,ed aemoniacl,l egoriacgaeln ta,n dt hec osmic,
allegoriicmaalg ew,e c ant hena ppltyh esteh resep ecific
aspecttsot hea llegortireesa teidnC hapteTrwso t hrough
Four.
ChapteTrw o--smey contdh read-a- icso mparatsitvued y
oft wod istinvcite wosf v aluet,h eC hristiaanndt heE xis­
tentiavla lusey stemsI.n T heF aeriQeu eenQE,d munSdp enser
straptsh ev alueosf r enaissaCnhcrei stianointh yi sc harac­
tersf ort hes amer easoInc arusst raposn h isw axewni ngs:
theyb othc oncentrtahteei ern ergoyn g ettinogu to ft he
labyrinth--wtohrilsd --bectahuesievr a luerse maionu tside
thew allosf t hem aze.N ietzschZea'rsa thusitsrI ac arus
falletno e arth:h ec oncentrahtieses n ergoyn e xploring,
fightinagn,d ,f inalleym,b racitnhgel abyrintShp.e nser's
Christivaanl usey stepmr ovidtehse n ecessafroyi lw,h ile
NietzschEex'iss tentviaallu sey stepmr ovidtehse e ssential
patterfno rt hes tudoyf m oderanl legorilciatle ratiunr e
thef inatlw oc hapteorfst hist hesis.
ChapteTrhsr eaen dF ourw eavteh et wot hreadtsh rough
threeex amploefsm oderanl legorilciatle raturFer:a nz
Kafka'Tsh eC astleA,l berCta musT'h eP laguea,n dN ikos
KazantzakZiosr'bT ah eG reekT.h ef irstth reada,l legory,
3
supplitehsec riterfioard eterminiifnt gh et hreneo velasr e
allegoriwcoarlk sN.i etzschpeh'isl osoopfhv ya luem,y s econd
threasdu,p pliaensi nterpreptaitvtee rn-t-htrheese t ageosf
developmheinsot v ermmauns pta stsh rough--wIh aipcphlt yo
then ovelisn t hef ourtahn,d f inalc,h aptoefrt hist hesis.
Toc laitmh atth ep rimamroyt ivoef K afkaC,a musa,n d
Kazantaikniw sr ititnhge irre spectailvlee gorwiaesst h eir
desirteo p ortraa yd efinisttea goef N ietzschoev'esr man
woulgdr eatolvye r-simptlhirferyei chldyi vernsoev els.
I contenhdo,w evetrh,a ta llt hrewer itewresr eg reatly
affectbeydN ietzschpeh'isl osopahnydt, h att heayl lh ad
Nietzschcee'nst rqaule stiionnt heimri ndw hent heyw rote
theiarl legoriwehsa:ti sm ant od ow henh er ealiztehsa t
thel abyrinitsah l lt heries ?
4
CHAPTIE R
A DEFINITOIFOA NL LEGORY
--Allego�a�keen-0 a �l e-0o/2n tetnh ed ull
-0y-0tetmh-0a tth eayk ek eputteodb et han
theayk e-0 ymbolp�ocw e-0�t �uggl-e--0.
AnguFsl etcher
Allegorays,A nguFsl etchseori ncisivpeultyi t,i sa
1
"protedaenv ice,a"blet oc hangiet ss hapaen df ormw ithout
losintgh ee ssentiaaslp ectwshi ccho nstitaultlee gorical
literaturAel.l egoirsys ucha ne clectmiocd eo fe xpression
thatd efiniintgi sa bouats e asya sc atchian fgl yw itha
pairo ff orceps--tbhuetra er ec ertaicno nventiwohnisc ahl low
ther eadetro d etermiinfea worki sa llegoriocran lo t.T he
centrarle asofno ra llegoreyc'lse ctniact uries t hatf ormi s
noto neo ft hec onventioanlsl:e goarpyp earisna llg enreosf
literatufrreo,me pict ol yritco r omancteod ramaW.i thouat
formaclr iterfioar a llegortyh,ec ritiics f orcetdo r elyo n
thec ontenatnd i ntentioofnt hew orki fh ei st od etermiinfe
iti sa ne xamplofea llegorifciaclt ionA.l thoutghhe d efini­
tiono fa llegoirnyt hisc haptemra inlcyo ncertnhse c ontent
andi ntentioofnt hem odea, discussoifot nh ee tymoloagnyd
historoyft het ermi sn ecessatroyu nderstfaunldl tyh e
naturoef a llegoarsyi ta ppearisnl iterature.
EtymoloagnydH istoorfyt heT erm
Thet erma llegocroym pountdwsoG reewko rds:al los,
whicmhe anost hera,n da goreuiwnh,i cmhe antso s peaokp enly
int hea ssembolrym arketplaBcyep .r efixianggo reuwiint h
allost,h es ensoef t hew ordi si nvertetdh;e refoarlel,e gory
meantso s peaokt hetrh ano penloyr "speakiontgh erwitshea t
2
ones eemtso s peak."T hec onnotatuisveeo ft hew ordi st o