All My Friends Live in My Computer All My Friends Live in My Computer Trauma, Tactical Media, and Meaning SAMIRA RAJABI Rutgers University Press New Brunswick, Camden, and Newark, New Jersey, and London Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Rajabi, Samira, author. Title: All my friends live in my computer: trauma, tactical media, and meaning / Samira Rajabi. Description: New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020031053 | ISBN 9781978818958 (paperback) | ISBN 9781978818965 (cloth) | ISBN 9781978818972 (epub) | ISBN 9781978818989 (mobi) | ISBN 9781978818996 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Psychic trauma and mass media— United States. | Digital media— United States. Classification: LCC BF175.5.P75 R36 2021 | DDC 155.9/3— dc23 LC rec ord available at https:// lccn. loc .g ov / 2020031053 A British Cataloging- in- Publication rec ord for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2021 by Samira Rajabi All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 106 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. The only exception to this prohibition is “fair use” as defined by U.S. copyright law. The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. www .r utgersuniversitypress . org Manufactured in the United States of Amer i ca For my big, beautiful, messy, wonderful family, My partner in life, & My pups. You are all my heroes. Contents Prologue ix Part I Trauma and Media Theory 1 Introduction: Seeing through Suffering: Digital Mediation and the Suffering Subject 3 2 There Are Many Ways to Suffer 15 3 Putting It Out There: Tactics of Meaning Making in Digital Media 32 Part II Meaning Making Online 4 The B attle We D idn’t Choose: Angelo Merendino and Mediations of Grief, Disease, and the Trauma of Bearing Witness 59 5 Nothing Can Stop You: CrossFit, Trauma, and the Digital Remaking of Ability 72 6 Bullied by the Nation: The Symbolic Trauma of Ira ni ans Living in the United States 90 7 Conclusion 124 Acknowle dgments 135 Notes 139 References 143 Index 151 vii Prologue Songs of dead laughter, songs of love once hot, Songs of a cup once flushed rose- red with wine, Songs of a r ose whose beauty is forgot, A nightingale that pipe hushed lays divine: And still a graver music runs beneath The tender love notes of t hose songs of thine, Oh, Seeker of the keys of Life and Death! — Hafez When difficult t hings happened in my f amily, my f ather, an immigrant from Iran, often had a poem from his cata logue of favorites at the ready. He called on the wisdom of the poets he had grown up with to try to help us make sense of what was happening, and to give meaning to and make meaning from the challenges we faced. When my heart was broken, he would read me poems in Persian about the fragility and importance of love. When I was met with chal- lenges at work, he offered me poems on the importance of commitment to a goal or ideal. When I was diagnosed with a brain tumor and sick for many years, he would read to me of the nature of life and death. He taught me to make meaning from the challenges I faced, and in so doing he taught me to see the way others do the same. It was in d oing the research for this book, and the doctoral degree that inspired it, that I learned that my family was not unique in working tirelessly to make meaning from the difficult things that happened in life. In fact, I learned that meaning is at the heart of so much of what p eople do in their day- to- day lives— meanings that are constructed for us and that we construct using our social groups, alongside our thought leaders, and in our interactions ix