Table Of Content

ALIENATION A l ie n a t io n by Richard Schacht WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY BY WALTER KAUFMANN DOUBLEDAY & COMPANY, INC. GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK 1970 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 7O-I16252 COPYRIGHT © 1970 BY RICHARD LAWRENCE SCHACHT INTRODUCTORY ESSAY COPYRIGHT © 1970 BY WALTER KAUFMANN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Designed by Wilma Robin To my father and mother, Robert H. and Alice M. Schacht CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi introductory essay by Walter Kaufmann xiii INTRODUCTION lix 1. THE LINGUISTIC AND INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND i T radition al uses of “Alienation” and Entfremdung 1 i. The Term “Alienation” 1 ii. The Term Entfremdung $ H egel’s predecessors and contemporaries 7 1. Alienation in Earlier Theology 7 n. Alienation in Social Contract Theory 8 hi. Hegel's Contemporaries: Fichte and Schiller 13 Hegel’s early views 17 1. The “Early Theological Writings” 18 n. The Essay on Fichte and Schelling 22 in. Early Political Essays 25 2. HEGEL’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF SPIRIT 30 I. Introduction 30 II. First Sense of “Alienation” (as Separation) 37 hi. Second Sense of “Alienation” (as Surrender) 46 iv. Alienation, Objectification, and Otherness 54 v. The Overcoming of Alienationi 56 vi. Evaluation 60 • • Vll ALIENATION 3. MARX’S EARLY WRITINGS 65 1. Introduction 65 n. Man and Labor 73 in. The Alienation of One’s Product 84 iv. The Alienation of Labor 88 v. Alienation from Other Men 94 vi. Self-alienation 100 vn. The Origin and Overcoming of Alienation 106 viii. Concluding Remarks 111 4. ERICH FROMM AND KAREN HORNEY 115 E rich F romm 116 1. Introduction 116 n. Man’s Relation to Nature 118 hi. Man’s Relation to Others 122 iv. Man’s Relation to Society 127 v. Man’s Relation to Himself 130 vi. “Alienation” in Other Contexts 136 vn. Concluding Remarks 139 Karen Horney 140 I. New Ways in Psychoanalysis 141 II. Our Inner Conflicts 143 in. Neurosis and Human Growth 145 5. THE SOCIOLOGICAL LITERATURE 153 I. Introduction 153 II. Alienation and Others 156 hi. Alienation and Work 160 iv. Alienation, Events, and Structures 165 v. Alienation, Culture, and Society 175 vi. Conclusion 192 Contents 6. EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY 197 I. Introduction 197 II. Entfremdung in Heidegger’s Being and Time 200 in. Estrangement in Tillich’s Systematic Theology 206 . Alienation in Sartre’s Major Works 218 tv addendum. Philosophical Anthropology: Arnold Gehlen and Helmuth Plessner 232 7. ALIENATION: A GENERAL CONSIDERATION 237 1. Introduction 237 n. A Systematic Attempt atG eneralization 241 ni. Proposed Restrictions 248 iv. Basic Issues 259 277 INDEX