Ali Ahmad Al-Jarjawi - (Michael F. Laffan) (PDF 4.2MB

30 Pages·2012·4.03 MB·English

East
Asian
History
NUMBER2 2. DECEMBE2R0 01
InstiotfAu dtve ancSetdu dies
AustraNlaitaino Unnailv ersity
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CONTENTS
1 HeddMao rrisJoenh'osl P-hao tograJpohuircn ey
HeddMao rsroini,m gaeasn d text
-translaftreotdmh Gee rmabnyH ertIam howf,i th
itnroducteosrys abyyCs l aiRroebr etasn dG eremRi.Be a rme
129 BridgtihneGg a pA:t temaptt s Constru"cNteiwHn"ig s tao rical-Cultural
Identiintt hyeP eoplRee'psu bolfiC ch ina
AxeSlc nhedier
145 MakinMge iMjuis litmhseT: r aveloogf(u AelA iJ: tmaadl -JarjawI
MichaF. eLla jJan
171 VengefGuodls a ndS hrewMde nR:e spontsoet sh eL ososf S overeignty
onC hejIus land
Michja.ePle ttid
iv
�JU�J��,
Covecra lligraYpahnZy h enqing Tangc alligraanpdsh teart esman
Coveirl lustrPahtoitonono .f5r oHme ddMao rris'oJne'hsao llb u1m' H,e ddMao rrison
CollecHtairovna,r d-YeLnicbhrianHrgay r,v aUrndi verCs©iP trye sident
andF elloowfHs a rvaCrodl leBgeeq,u eosftH eddHaa mmeMro rrison)
MAKINGM EI]MIU SLIMTSH:E T RAVELOGUE
OF( ALAIH MADA L-]AR]A.WI
,J1!.
MichaLealff aF.n
Thiissn o sto m ucha na rtiacbloeuE ta sAts iahni staosar d ye scriopfth ioown, Ia mg ratetoft uhlae n onymroeuvsi eowfe rs
in1 90o7n,e E gyptaitatne mpttoie ndv itthJeea panteos ee mbIrsalcaaenm d EasAts iaHins tfooryrt heaidrv iacned
correcIts ihoonuasll.ds l oi ktoee xprmeys s
theretbofiy tJ apainn thoi cso nceptoift ohnEe a sIts .h ouallds sot aftorem
apprecitaott hRieeo sne aSrcchhoo ofPl a cific
thoeu tstehtat th vei ewtsh ahtew ouleds pouwseer bey nmoe anusn iquea.n dA siaSnt udiAeNsUf,, o prr ovidmien g
Att hbee ginnoiftn hgte w enticeetnht uMreyi Jjaip awna so ftheenl udp i n witthh fea ciltioct oinedsu mcytr esearch.
Muslsiomc ieatsai nee sx amptlobe e f olloweesdp,e ciaasil htla ydd efeatePder mistsoi ousnse el ecitmeadg oefs Meiji
Japhaenl bdyt hNea gasUankiiv erLsiibtryar y
Russtihaae,r cehn emoyft hOet tomEamnp irient, h wea ro f1 904-I0nC5 a.i ro
("Japanese Oldi nBP ahukomtaotgsrua­phs
in1 904t,h nea tiondaelmiasgto gMuue� �afa PKaasmh(ia1l 8 76-1e9v0e8n) M eijpie rio<dh"t:t wpw:.wlodph.oltob.
wrotaem onogracpaht alogJuaipnaghn i'sst aonrdpy r edictthidene gf eoaft nagasa.kaic/-.uujnpivei/s»g ratefully
TsarRiussts Tihai.bs o oka,I h-aSmasl -umshri(TqhaRe i siSnugn )p,r oveda cknowleIdmgaegdoe.fs C airof raorme
thaeu thocro'lSl eocftp ioosnt caDrudes .t o
verpyo pulwahre nr elea1sI endd.e eidta, t trascotm eudc ha ttentthiaoitnt
thoer thogriarprheigcu liantr hiAetr iaebsi c
wasl atterra nsliantteModa labyy a grouopf M uslirme formferrosm rendeorfiJ nagp anese nnoca hmaersa,c ters
Singapwohroeh ads troendgu caticoonnanle ctwiiotnChsa irToh.e2s cenea rper oviidnet dh itse xt.
wast huasl reasdewyth eni,n1 90'8A,An l ).amla-dJ arwjhaoaw tIt,e ntdheed 1 MU�(aKfaam iali, -mSshaa l-smhuriqa
(Caiarlo-:L i1w9a0'p4,). O,5n .t hwiosr ki,t s
190T7o kyCoo ngreosfRs e ligiroenlse,ah sietsdr aveloBguutae l.- JarjawI's
receptiinSo onu theAassiatan dE gyptian
accouwnatsn ojtu sabt o oakb ouJta paansa m oderenx ampfloeMr u slims.
origisneseM, i chaLealf f"aWn,a taann d
Indeehdi sb ooka,l -Rial?lla-abiY niyiya (TheJ apaneJsoeu rn3e iys)a , negeMrui�:at fKaf un'iRli'sssi unnig' nt he
snapsohfok te yc hangaefsf ecMtuisnlgi amtast imweh enc olonipseeodp leMsa lawyo rlId,n"d onCeisri6ca9l( e91 96):
165-75a;n d" Mustaanfdat heM ikadao :
werer esolvtihneag m biguiatnidie nst erseocftI isolnasma incd' oriental'
FrancoEpghyipltei taunrnt' oMs e jiJiapan,"
identiBtoiteshse .e mefdor mulaatgeadi anm sotn oliotphpirce stshoawrta s JapnaesSteu d1i93e( s19 99)2:6 9-86.
botWhe stearnndC hristAinadwn h.e reMaus� �aKfaam ihla dt hritlolt ehde 2 Matahmaermain car(Sianig-apIomraem:,
military vJiacptaoonrv ieRerus s soifa , ahla-dsJ eaotrf jffao twrhI Je a panes1e09 6)
islainn1d 9s0 w6i tthh heo poef e mbractihnavgti ctfooraryl E la sterfnreorms3 PublishCeadi briyoan l -Ir1s9h0a8d.,
MoroctcoCo h inaan,do fm akiinttgh per elutdote h ger eavtiecrt oofIr syl am
oveCrh ristiiantn himeto yd erwno rld.
145
146 MICHAEFL.L AFFAN
4 MU�1Kafufnaiall,-a Smhasl-smhuripq.a5,. TheR il)iltCaso, n teaxndtP rotgaoinsts
5 Thed etaoiflt sh eD inshaiwnacyi dent,
andt hseu bseqruiesonfett hnea tionalists,
Forth ae ffordsaubmol fet epn iastarw eesl,l -rEegaydp twioaunl hda ve
arbee sdte scriinb eAdl HboeurrtaA nraib,i c
thouignh t ltiheab elar ge1 798--193b9e epne rhaipnst ereesntoeudgi hn1 90t8ob uyt hter aveloof'g AuAleQl . mad
(LondCoanm:b ridge,p p1.92f80.3l )f, al-JarIjn1a 9w0Ia4. c ontempotrhaear ryd,e pnatt rMiuo�tt aKffau nhiald,
6 Ono ccasAilo-nJ arrejlaawitln efdo rmatailorne addeyv otaep da negytroti hcpe e op"lmeo sotu tstandirnegl-aittnio o n
identtioct ahlar te porbtyeK dfun ilS.u cht hen atioonfts h eE ast-fporro fitasbtlued yH.o,w,e4v ebry,t het imael ­
inclutdhTeesd a prr'osm itsode e stJraopya n
JarjabwoIo'kcs a meo ute,v enitnst hev icinoifCt ayi rhoa do vertatkheen
"ah undrteidm e(sR"i !?pl.2a0,4 ).
manifao nre wso ft hpee optlhea hta dm anagteods entdh Reu ssifalnet eot
7 BarbAanrdaa "yraFo mR umt oT okytoh:e
thbeo ttoofmt hSet raoifTt ssu shiEmgay.p tiwaenrsie n stoebasde swsietdh
searfcohr anticolotnhireau ll oeafrl sl ies by
Ria1u8,99 -1194I,"n don2e4(s 91i7a71 )3:9 .t hoe ver-zealous poufan n iusmhbmeeornfp t e asafnrtostm h ev illoafg e
8 Ont hAec echo nfalnidcat tt embpytt hse Dinshawwahyo,h adt akejnu stiincteto h eoiwrn h andwsh ena partoyf
Acehnteosg ea isnu ppfoorrmtI stanabnudl B ritoifsfihc cehross teos hootth epiirg eoBnysa .c oincidoeffn actete h,fie r st
Tokysoe,eA nthoRneyi Td,h ceo nJtoers t
sittoiftn hgce o utrhta wto ulsde ntetnhcmeee no fD inshatwoat yhs ec affold
NorStuhm atAratj;et hh,Ne e theralnadn ds
Brita1i8n58 --1(8K9u8a Lluam puOrx:f ordf otrh meu rdeorfa B ritoifsfihc ceorn venaesad l -Jawrajsat waIk itnhgfie r st
UniverPsriets1ys9 ,6 9Af)t.be eri fntege ads steopfsh ijso urnterya,v elflrioCnmag i rtooA lexanodnr3 i0aJ un1e9 06.
celebirniTt oikeytsoh ,ce r eowft hEer trogrilMlu cho ft hseu bsequaegnitt aitnit ohEneg yptparne asgsa itnhsheta rsh
werfeo credi ntqou aranotnit nheMe iura
sentenacnedis n,d etehdBe r itoicschu patwioounlb,de l ebdy K funainld his
Peninsaufltaeo rn eo ft heimre mbers
contracchtoeldeo rnsa h orMeo.s otf t he PatriPoatrit(cya l-Ia;lI-iWzabt) a5Bn uIti fa l-JarsjhaawrwIei dt Khfu nialn
survivooftr hsee nsuienpgi demic iwnertee rienMs eti Jjaip atnh,er e ligrieofuosr mwiisttwhsh omh ew asa ligned
drownwehde n tyap hosoann tkh e vesssceolr nKefudn ialn dh ifso llowAenrdws h.i lteh earrese o mhei nitnts h Rei lJla
on1 6S eptemberFo ar1n 8a 9c0c.o oufnt th e
thaatl -Jawrajsaf waIm ilwiiatarhI h-aSmasl -umshiqras,uc ahl iniksn ever
Ertrriloalgn di ts ternadgs,ie ceM ichael
Penn",T hlea smto nthosft heE rtgrroule:x plimcaidtleny,o ri sK funilm entionFeidn6a lwlhye,r eKafusn ihla db een
YokohaTmoak,y aon,td h Mei uPrean siunla,e"a getroa nnountcheaJ ta panm'ast ereilaelv atrieosnto endi tesx emplary
BullSehtoiwPnah: a rmatciecUuanilv eyr sit
patrio(twiastmia ynyuar)g,i Enggy ptitaoin msb ilboev feo trh heo meland,
34( 20010-)1:2 .
al-Jahrajdat waIk einut p ohni msteoluf s et heex ampolfJe a patnoa dvance
theca usoefI slampriocp agation.
Al-Jarwjaaswn Io ta rticulaa nteiwni gd eaT.h erhea da lreabdeye n
widesprsepaedc ulaatbiooutnth pe otenftoiaraJ la panMeussel iEmm pire
actiinncg o ncewrittt hh eS ubliPmoer tienI stanIbnut lh.e1 890lse,t ters
seekianiagdg aitnhsDetu tchha da lrebaedeysn e nttot hJea panEemspee ror
bya n umbeorfS outheAassitar nul e7Tr hsem. o scte lebroaftt heedas tet empts
wast hamta deb yt hreu leorfAs c ehs,t fiiglhlt ifnoigrn dependwehnoch ea,d
triteodd ispaat lceht toentr h ei ll-fOattteodm waanr shtihpeE, r trogrul,
whicpha sstehdr ouSgihn gapoontr hewe a yt oY okohaimna1 890I.n18 9 06,
theed itoofra sr eforjmoiusrtin naS li ngapCoarle- Imdaevmo)t aenda rticle
int heiinra uguirsastluo et hpeo tenftoiaraM lu slJiamp aHna.v imnags tered
Westetrenc hnoliowtga ysa, r gueJda,p asnh ounlodw c onvetroot n eo ft he
fourre vearleeldi g(iMoangsi iJsumd,a iCshmr,i stiaanndIi stlya,im no) r der
toe nt"etrh meo dern woTrhlicdsh. o"i scheo ubled govebrynw ehde ther the
existeixnpgo neonftt hsa fta iwtohu ladc cetphte ams l eadaenrdst ruael lies
andm,o res pecificaasel qluya,ol fsE nglaOnndl.My u sliimtws a,s a rgued,
wouladc cetphte J apaneosnes ucah basiTsh.u sg,i vetnh ee normous
potenftoipraa ln -Easfteelrlno wtshhJeia pp,a nsehsoeu elmdb raIcsel aanmd
MAKINGME IJM!U SLIMS 147
joitnh ebirro thienCr hsi nSai,a mt,hM ea laPye ninsaunldta h Nee therlanSdesae i m-aImv,a Lln o.216,J u1l09y6 a,n d
IndiMeosr.e ovtehree,d itcolrasi m"eidwt,o ulndo stu rprtihsreee ad.e..ir f thseu bseqrueepnotpr rto,b awbrliyt atte n
theN etherlands icnSo innsgualpaotree ,
wes atyh aatM uslJiamp awno ulbde comteh lee adoefar l tlh pee opElaes t
"aJpaann dI slaEma:s tewrinsf'hos mr i litant
oft heen tratnoct eh eR edS eaT.h"i psr opowsaasld ridleys cribbyoe nde
over-,l"Ao RrAd( GeneSrtaalAt rec hi,v e)
colonoibasle ravse" rs hebeorm basntoincs ense." TheH aguSee,r iAe.1s09 ,b ox4 519:.5
Iitsa lmoismtp osstiocb olnec eoifav p ee opilnte h feo reforfco invti liz1a0tA J:!imoandb iMnD sbai Mnu �\abfiIans ma'jJ
wasb orinn t hdei storfiM catn ufiyaynad
likteh Jea panaedsoep tair negl igsioho onp eleosustol fyt oucwhi tthh e
attentdheeUd n iverosfai tly- Azfhraorm
moderwno rladst hat amoafJl ugdaami asnmdC hrsitaniitwyh icMho hamed
1788H.e t raveilnUl pepde Erg ypitn1 887
plantientd h mei nodf t hsee venth-cAerna.tb.u .Tr.hye o utcoomfet he andt ook on tohfQe a <;!rQiou ldeg eo)f
RussJoa-panWeasreh asc ertabienelanyc hectkot heea stperrong roefs sQ enaa ndm aintaicnoendn ectwiiotnhs
Russbiuati;m t a yr esuelqtu altlhyo,ut ghhfe a citsn o yte pta teanst c,ah eckf leloAwz hariintt hedesi stHreit chteu.ns ed
to Euroapgegarne sisnoi tohnpe arr otfsA sai9. thenseet wotromk osv oen s,e rvwiintgth h e
Egyptairamnay s a p rayer-(lieamdaemr) ,
Regardolfet shpesr actiocfas luiccthay l wlist,th h aen nounceimnet nhte befodreep artfirnotgmh eS udafno r the
Hijianz1 89[0n.M edihneas tudied for six
presisn1 90t6h atth Jea panweosuel hdo stth es econWdo rlCdo ngreosfs
months utnhSdeDe fira ctiMvuiJ:!satm mad
Religtihofeno sl lowyienaagrl ,- Jarrejsaowlltv ote rda vtehlet roew itnetshse
'Alail -SanbDesfiot,rr ea velilnIi nndgi a,
proceedAinndgi hsfe. c oulndop tr eaIcshl oanmt haotc casiodne-laesg atCehsi naan dt hNee therlIannddiFsei sn.a lly,
wersee lecbtyei dn vitaotnilfoyrn o tmh ev ariosutsa treesp resetnhteiinragf tsetru dyHianngaj fuir ispriunCd heinncae,
hem ovetdo C alcuitn1t 09a0 b,e coming
faiths-als-eJotau rttjo ha awvlae p ersoinmapla ocntt hMei kadsou'bsj ects.
imaomf tGhree aMto squteh efol lowing
Al-Jarajdavwelr tiinsh eidso wnp apearl, -Ir(sGhuaidd antchea)ht,e
year.
plannteodm aket hijso urnaenydi nviatneydi ntereMsutseldi tmosj oin1 1
Inm anyr espeaclt-sJ acrojnafwoit rom s
him-buwti tthh ep rovitshoat th esyh oulbdee ntirseellyf -fuAnld­etdh.es elf-iomfta hgeeM uslriemf oramse r
JarjaawpIp'esga ali nheidmt wof ellow traanvdde ilcltearttshe,cedi rcuitdoiussc usmsoesdtr ecenbtylS yk ovgaard­
PetersSeeneJ. a coSbk ovgaard-Petersen,
routoefh ist raveTlhsefi. r swta sa,c cordtiona gl -Jarajnai wmlp,o rtant
"Portorfta hiietn tellaesac tyuoaumlna gn :
Tuniswihaonw i shteord e maainno nymoTuhses. e cownadst hdei stinguiRsahsehRidid d aM'ush awaarla-tlm iuwhsa -al­
Egyptian rseclhiogalinaodriu nsc umbpernaty er-l(eiamdaeomrft) h Ger eatm uqall(i91d06 )I,s"ml aandC hrsitian­
MosquoefC alcuSthtaay,Ak J:!hm aMdO s(ab .18T6h3i)ps.a rotfyt hrweoeu ldM uslRieamlt i1o2n( 2s0 0913)-:1 (0T4h.e re
arien deiendt erecsotmipnagr itshocanotsu ld
latbeerj oinienHd o ngK ongb ya C hineMsues liSma,y ySiudl aymaannd,
bem adbee twetehnde i scoouf'r ysoeu itnh '
thereaifnJt aeprab nya R ussiJ:Iaanj,Mj uik hlMia�J:! mOda,sw elalsa nI ndianma n'ym odermnoivsetm'e nstusca,hst hose
preachSeary,yJ:I iuds ay'nA badl -Mun'im.a lsWlih mxie lnas rtde e servoifn ogf E gyp[tt hMea nagrr outph]e; Ottoman
attentailo-nJ,a rojnalswyul p plai beiso grafpohry phriisn citpraalv ellEimnpgi[r tehY eo unTgu rkSso]u;t heast Asia's
refmoirst[st hKea umM udaaln;d t haotf
partnAeJ:!rm,a dM OslaO.T heT unisiisab na remleyn tionwehdi,lS ea yyid
MeiJjaip an.)
SulaymaanndM ukhlMia�J:! mOsde emt oh avbee euns emda inalsyg uides
inC hinaan dJ apaMno.r eovIeh ra,vh ea dd ifficluolctayta innybg i ographical
informaotnit ohnea uthhoirm sealnfdt, h ei magoef t hep rotagotnhiastt
emergferso tmh Re ilJilsae n tirtehlaoytfh iosw nm akinHge.s tanadssa
modermna no fw ealatnhdl earncionmgm,i tttote hdee l evaotfiE ogny ptians,
thper eservoaftt ihoOent tomsatna atne,dt hsep reoafdI slam-'nIostl am'
asr epresebnyMt uesdl siomc ieotfhi iedssa yb,u tth ree ligion trhervoeuaglhe d
MuJ:!ammaadn dt hyeo uthvfeunlt uorfIe s lacmoincq uaensdte mpir1e .)
Asm entioanbeodv teh,re o uttaek ebnya l-Jaorvjeasrwo lm eei ght months
wasa circounietY.oe utts h vee rcyo urosfhe i tsr avuenldse rptihnnesa rrative
thahted eveloapshe eds ougthotl intkh pee oploefNs o rtAhf riwciatt hh ose
ofE asAts iAaf.t deurer eflecotnti hosent aotfhe i nsa tiaonnd,i ndeoendt he
oncMeu slMiemd iterraaln-eJaanbr,oj aarwdlae nId t alsitaena maenrdh eaded
148 MICHAEFL.L AFFAN
12 SeeH .A .R .G ibeb,d .T,ht era voefIl hsn n orthwfeoSsrit c ily, isntt hotepo pwinonsfMg e ssiNnaap,l aensdP aleramnod,
BattAuDt ]a3 2�1354: trantshleaontc ecdu pwiTieutdnh i Tsh.i wsa sp robabdloyn et or endezvwoiutshh i s
revisionnostf eroasmn t dhA er baitce xt
anonymocuosm paniaonndt oi ndulhgiesc uriosAifttyet.rh ivse rlyo ng
edibtyCe D.df e remearynB d.R S.a gnuitntei,
digres(soiofov ne6 r6 p ageisna b oookf 2 40p agetsh)je,o urniesry e sumed
HakluSyetr i2e,sv olls0. alnd1 18
(CambriCdagmeb:r iUdngiev erPsrietsysa ,s t hepya stsh rouSguhe azn da ftewaar sdesr ioefps o rtisn,c ludAidnegn ,
195a8n d1 962) BombaCyo,l ombSoi,n gapHoornegK, o nagn da,tl asYto,k ohamTah.er eturn
13S eDea lFe.E i ckelamnadn J aPmiessc atloreiig,n cluCdaeldc uwthtear,Ae i). maMdu srae joihniecsdo ngregaatnidto hne,
edMs,u sltirvmae lpligelrrsi:m amgiegra,t ion
boocko ncluwdietashn a ddretsoas l -JarajuadwiIe'nmsco esn,to tabslcyh olars
andt hree gliioiumsa gin(aBteirokne ley,
CaliUfn.i:v erosfCi atloyir fnPirae s1s9,9 0)o.f r elig(i'ounl aamnadm) e no fl ett(euradsb a).
Is houpladu shee rteon otteh lei terary wtirtahwdihinit ciahol n- JarjawI
placheidns a rratfioivrtei , so net halti eastt hec onflueonftc heie n terests
oft he' ualmaa'n dt heu dabTah'e.p u rpoosfte h ter avel(origlJauel)i ,s to
appritshreee adoeftr h weo ndebresy onhdio sr h esrh orOefst.e tnh rie lJla
isat alceu lminawtiittnhhg ee x perioefnt cheIe : IwahjejnM, u slifmrso aml l
parotfst hweo rlads semtbolgee tahtMe erc ctaop erfotrhmme o satr duous
ritoefst heifra itHha.v inrge achtehdi ssp iriatpuoagle teh,e a ccount
continwuietashd escriopftti howena yh omep,e rhabpyas n a lterrnoauttee .
Yett hIe: Iiatjsjce alnbf e s ubsumienod t hearc couonftt sr avseulc,ah s t he
famolrillJslo afI bnB anutwah,o swea nderings parnedf- aderax tceede ded
thosoefM arcPoO l2O O.t1hemrisg hetv ecno mpoasri elJ lwai thotuhte I:Iajj
ora v istiott h Aer abipaenn insYueltta h.se p iritualo fjtoeruner mnaeiyn ed
ap arotft hpeh ysijcoaulr naesty h ter aveclallielnars t g recaetn torfeI ss lamic
learnoirna gtt, h et ombosfm ystiscaailn ts.13
Furthermboyr1 e9,0 0E,g yptiwaenrsef amilwiiatrah news tyolfe
descriwprtiitvgieen nge rabtyte hdme a nys tudenttso F sreannttco fe u rther
Figure1
Cairo-­
genervaile w
frotmh cei tadel
MAKINGM EIJMIU SLIMS 149
theeidru catCioonnt.r ibtuott hoilrsis t eriantculrueRd iefdaR 'aafta 'l -Tahr1a4wI nId eed, Sawatiheaa tla -rTgauhe1sa wl's
(1801-w7i3t)hh,i a sc couonfPt a riTsa,k hall'-ii:jih trtaza zlz kB:jha r(fsS iftilnagng uaasgd ee,v eloipnwe odr klsi kTea khli�
foPru rGeo ldo,rP ariinsD etaialn)d', A lMiu barPaaks h(a1 82933-)w,h ose alb-rilszh,a ptehdev erdye velopomfe nt
modern liAtrearbaiSrcey.eM uhanunad
fictio'nlAala ma l-d(zTnh eW orlodf R eligiionnc)l udceodn versations
Sawai"eR,i fRaa'fiaa' l -Tahatnadwh ii s
betweseanv anotfts h eE asatn dt hWee s1t4.A gaitnh eM uslismef to rttoh contibtutoti hoen ledxeivceallo pomfe nt
explohrifesa ibtuhit,n s omcea sheeso rs het raveblelyeodnt dhp er otectimoodne rlni terAarrayb, i"Ic nternational
JournoaMjli ddElaesS ttdu ie32s. 3 (2000):
oft hIes lawmoircl adn di ntoon et haste emeddi ametroipcpaolslteyod i t.
395-41O0n theT akhallf.)- i(bCraTizr o,
Therree maintehdie m pultsoce o met og riwpist ohn e'fsa iBtuht.c oupled
1834s)eH,eo uraAnria,bt ihco upgph.t7,0 -
witthh iisnt, h ien creascionlgolnyiM zuesdl wiomr ltdh,e wraes t hnee etdo l.O n 'AlMlu bara'kA'mls aa i-D[ITnh e
criticcoamlplayor nee 'hso met ot heo utsiwdoer ld-bcootlho niaznedd worlodfr eligsieoSenk ]o,v gaanl-Petersen,
free-and petrhhearpetsbod,y r, a swo mel essofnotsrh feu tuCreer.t ain"lPyor tpr.9a9i. t,"
al-Jarwjaanwtlet doi mpreuspso nh isE gyptrieaand etrhsee xemplarary
aspecotfJs a panseoscei iente yx chanfgocerl aimtihniEgsa stepreno pfloer
au nitIesdl amic future.
Hom,eR egliioRnef,o rm
Homef,o arl -JarwjaasEw gIy,pw ti,ti htg sl oripoausbste inugn eartbhye d
Westearrnc haeolaongdic sotnst rawsittethdh es upposed decoafd ence
contempo'rOarriye cnutlatlu'Tr hee.ru en,d etrh Ber itoicschu pabteigounn
in1 882a,l -Jaarnjda wfhIei lsl noeww spaepdeirt voiresfd o trh aet tenotfi on
ana vid repaudbilnaigbc s orbbeytd h eoiwrn h istaonrdyp olitCiacisr.o
seemebdo tsht rikimnogdleyra nn dt raditwiiotnihat lns,e wW esternized
quartselrosw albys orbtihnmege diecviatlMy a.n yy ounCga irecnreosw ded
Figure2
The Qasari -Nil
BrigdeC,a iro,
c.1900
150 MICHAEFL.L AFFAN
15S eTeo motMhiyt chCeolllo,n isinign tbEoogy tpthth .ne ewg overnmsecnhto omlosd,e lloenFd r enlcihn easn,dt he
(NeYwo rekt,cC .a:m briUdngiev erPsrietsyst ,r aditkiuotnta(aleb l emenstcahroyow lhse)r set udelnetasr nteord e citthee
1988F)oa.rl estshe oreatnidmc oarlle i vely
Qur'1a5nD .espietneo rmoguosv ernmiennvte stmtehnetslsea, t tsecrh ools
descripttihoeFn r aonfc ophilies ­modern
atioinmsp osoendE gypitnt hnei neteevntahs toluyt numbetrhfeeod r mAecrc.e tsots h feo reign-liannsgturaugoceft ion
centusreyeT, r evMoors tyEngy,p tb'esl laeg overnmsecnhto woalst huvse rmyu cht hper eseorftv heee l istoen osfa n
epoqCuaei]:r8 o6�1 95(2L ondaonnNd ew emergimnigd dcllea sAsn.da sa resuolfst u cshc hoolsionmgeE, g yptian
YorkQ:u artBeoto k1s9,8 9).
Muslismusc,ah sM u��aKfaam idli,gd r avittoaa W tees temrond eo ft hinking
16 SeAe. E ccIelsla,a mn sdo ccihaaln: ag le­
asr egarsdtsa te-sponnastoiroendaa lnidcs omn stitugtoivoenranlm ent.
Azhairnc onfalnidca tc cmomodation
(BerSlcihnw:a rz, 1984). Yeta,s f aars r eligwiaoscn o ncerntehdee, d ucatidoinvailwd aes n ot
overwhelmoinnego lfmy o dernsiesctu laarnidts rtsa ditsicorniaplt uralists.
Egyptidainfsf eirnesdt oenahd o wI slawma st ob ei nterparnedta epdp lied
tot heoiwrn c ircum-stSatnucdeeosnf.Wt ess temrent hodolaongdsy c ience
seldorme voktehde liory atlott yh ep rimaocfIy slam
Figure3 andt hseu premoafct yh Oet tomSaunl tSaonm.es till
lookteodt haeu thoorfit thmyeo sque-uniovfea rls­ity
CourtyaorJdt huen iversity-mosque oJal-Azhar, c.1910
Azha1rT6.h etnh ewreer oet hEegry ptiwahnods,i ssatis­
fiedw itthh e' umliia'of a l-Azahnader v ecro nscious
oft her ivaolfrW ye stearnnd M uslicmi vilizations,
sougahnta ccommodabteitowne tehne ma,g reeing
ont hec orper incitphlaceti vilizdaetpieonndo end
religcioornr eucntdleyr stTohoildsi. nw ea sp ioneered
byM ul)amm'aAdb du(h1 849-1a9n0d5t )h ehni s
devotReaes hRIid<; 0l8a6 5-19B3o6t)mh.e nc lassified
theI slaemm bodibeydt he' ualmiia's s tultbiyfi ed
ageso fs uperstiatnidno onns- Islaacmcirce tions.
Throumgohd ertne chnioqfue edsu cattihoesnyo ught
toi nfuMsues limwsi tha desirfoer s cientific
achieveamnedanr ta tioinnaqlui inrtyo f tohuend ations
oft hefiari Otnhc.et hegya intehdi' st rauned'm odern
understaonfdI isnlgaM mu,s licmosu ld comopne te
thew orlsdt agaesi ndepenadgeenntt s.
Givetnh aatl -Jawrajsaa wlli gwnietdth h irse formist
movemenhte, r emainceodn sttalynm'i ndfoufl
comparibseotnwse tehner eligioofts hieEtg yy ptians
andt hecior- beliTehveec rlse.a rmeasnti festoaft ion
thiwsa so ftteonb es eeinn t herierl igsicohuosoo lns
whichheo ftceonm mentHeodw.e vetrh,e irsie r oinny
thef actth aatl -JarjfiarwspIto' isn otf e ducational
compariisnto hnRe i qwlaasn otM usliWmh.e ns ight­
seeiinngt heS iciltioawnno fN aplheesm eta local
teachoefAr r abaitcw ,h osceo lleAgle- Jarfjoauwnald
mixtuorfeF rencahnd I talsitaund einntdsu striously
engagiensd t udoifeA sr abicI salnadHm e.w asf urther
amazebdyt hepirro ficieinnfc oyr mAarla bic: