Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing)

506 Pages·2008·5.12 MB·English

by  Azzedine Boukerche

ALGORITHMS AND
PROTOCOLS FOR
WIRELESS AND MOBILE
AD HOC NETWORKS
WILEYSERIESONPARALLEL
ANDDISTRIBUTEDCOMPUTING
Editor:AlbertY.Zomaya
Acompletelistoftitlesinthisseriesappearsattheendofthisvolume.
ALGORITHMS AND
PROTOCOLS FOR
WIRELESS AND MOBILE
AD HOC NETWORKS
Editedby
Azzedine Boukerche, PhD
UniversityofOttawa
Ottawa,Canada
Copyright©2009byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Algorithmsandprotocolsforwireless,mobileadhocnetworks/editedby
AzzedineBoukerche.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-38358-2(cloth)
1. Adhocnetworks(Computernetworks)2. WirelessLANs.3. Mobile
computing.4. Computeralgorithms.I. Boukerche,Azzedine.
TK5105.77.A442008
621.384–dc22
2008016868
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Thisbookisdedicatedtomyparentsandmyfamilywhohavealwaysbeentherewithme.
Loveyouall.
AzzedineBoukerche
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Contributors xiii
AbouttheEditor xvii
1. AlgorithmsforMobileAdHocNetworks 1
AzzedineBoukerche,DanielCaˆmara,AntonioA.F.Loureiro,
andCarlosM.S.Figueiredo
2. EstablishingaCommunicationInfrastructureinAdHocNetworks 21
MichelBarbeau,EvangelosKranakis,andIoannisLambadaris
3. RobustnessControlforNetwork-WideBroadcastinMultihop
WirelessNetworks 51
PaulRogersandNaelB.Abu-Ghazaleh
4. EncodingforEfficientDataDistributioninMultihop
AdHocNetworks 87
LucianaPelusi,AndreaPassarella,andMarcoConti
5. ATaxonomyofRoutingProtocolsforMobileAdHocNetworks 129
AzzedineBoukerche,MohammadZ.Ahmad,DamlaTurgut,
andBegumhanTurgut
6. AdaptiveBackboneMulticastRoutingforMobileAdHocNetworks 165
ChaipornJaikaeoandChien-ChungShen
7. EffectofInterferenceonRoutinginMultihopWirelessNetworks 187
VinayKolarandNaelB.Abu-Ghazaleh
8. RoutingProtocolsinIntermittentlyConnectedMobile
AdHocNetworksandDelay-TolerantNetworks 219
ZhenshengZhang
9. TransportLayerProtocolsforMobileAdHocNetworks 251
LapKongLaw,SrikanthV.Krishnamurthy,andMichalisFaloutsos
10. ACK-ThinningTechniquesforTCPinMANETs 277
StylianosPapanastasiou,MohamedOuld-Khaoua,andLewisM.MacKenzie
viii CONTENTS
11. PowerControlProtocolsforWirelessAdHocNetworks 315
JunhuaZhu,BrahimBensaou,andFaridNa¨ıt-Abdesselam
12. PowerSavinginSolar-PoweredWLANMeshNetworks 353
AmirA.Sayegh,MohammedN.Smadi,andTerenceD.Todd
13. Reputation-and-Trust-BasedSystemsforAdHocNetworks 375
AvinashSrinivasan,JoshuaTeitelbaum,JieWu,MihaelaCardei,
andHuigangLiang
14. VehicularAdHocNetworks:AnEmergingTechnologyToward
SafeandEfficientTransportation 405
MaenM.Artimy,WilliamRobertson,andWilliamJ.Phillips
15. PerformanceIssuesinVehicularAdHocNetworks 433
MariaKihlandMihailL.Sichitiu
16. ClusterInterconnectionin802.15.4Beacon-EnabledNetworks 459
JelenaMisˇic´andRanjithUdayshankar
Index 481
PREFACE
Withtherecenttechnologicaladvancesinwirelesscommunicationandtheincreas-
ingpopularityofportablecomputingdevices,wirelessandmobileadhocnetworks
are expected to play an increasingly important role in future civilian and military
settings where wireless access to wired backbone is either ineffective or impossi-
ble. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are composed of a set of stations (nodes)
communicating through wireless channels, without any fixed backbone support.
Applications of MANETs include, but are not limited to, military operations, se-
curity, emergency, and rescue operations, among other applications where intense
utilization of a communication networks is available for a very limited time. How-
ever, frequent topology changes caused by node mobility make routing in wireless
ad hoc networks a challenging problem. In addition, limited capabilities of mobile
stationsrequireacontrolonnodecongestionduetomessageforwardingandlimited
batteryconsumption.Mobilityofmobilehostsintroducesalsonewchallengingprob-
lems that were not encountered in the design and implementation of conventional
wireless and wired networks. A critical and challenging problem of mobile ad hoc
networkingandcomputingishowtofullycopewiththespecialcharacteristicsofthe
wirelessandmobileadhocenvironment,makebalanceduseofcomputationandcom-
munication resources, and take advantage of and support the user’s mobility. Most
oftheavailableliteratureinthisemergingtechnologyconcentratesonphysicaland
networkingaspectsofthesubject.However,inmostofthethesestudies,theyhave
neglectedthedescriptionofthefundamentaldesignofdistributedalgorithmsandhave
notdiscussedhowtoapplythemtowirelessandmobileadhocandnetworksetting
environments.Animportantrequirementforsuccessfuldeploymentofwirelessand
mobile ad hoc network-based applications is the careful evaluation of performance
andinvestigationofalternativesalgorithms,priortotheirimplementation.Inlightof
this,thepurposeofthisbookistofocusonseveralaspectsofmobileadhocnetwork-
ingandcomputingand,inparticular,algorithmicmethodsanddistributedcomputing
withmobilecommunicationandcomputationcapabilities.
Thisbookisorganizedasfollows.InChapter1,weaddressthedesignchallenges
of distributed algorithms and discuss several important algorithmic issues arising
inwirelessandmobilenetworks.AlgorithmsforMANETsmustself-configureand
mustadjusttoenvironmentanddatacommunicationwheretheyrun,andgoalchanges
posed from the user and application. Chapter 2 presents several techniques for en-
ablingcommunicationinfrastructureandmaintenanceinadhocnetworks.Network-
Wide Broadcast (NWB) algorithms provide a mechanism to deliver information to
nodesinmultihopandnetworkswithoutdependingonroutingstate.Thismakesthem
x PREFACE
idealforinitialself-configurationorforoperationundermobilitywheretherouting
statebecomesstale.Chapter3presentsaclassificationofexistingNWBalgorithms,
focusingontheirrobustnesscharacteristicsrepresentingdifferentpointsofthespace
underdifferentnetworkdensities,lossrates,androutingandmobilitycharacteristics.
Theheterogeneityofportabledevicestobeinterconnected,alongwiththelargespec-
trumofcommunicationrequirements,hashelpedthedesignofanewsetofmultihop
adhocnetworktechnologies,whichareknownasopportunisticnetworks,andthey
represent one of the most interesting scenarios for the application of the encoding
techniques. Several studies have been devoted to possible applications of network
codingovermultihopnetworks.Chapter4describesthebasicencodingtechniques
upon which network coding is based, and then it presents encoding techniques for
efficientdatadistributioninmultihopadhocnetworks.
Becauseofthefrequentchangesofmobilenodes,routinghasalwaysbeenoneof
themostchallengingproblemforMANET’sdesigners.Chapter5providesacompre-
hensivetaxonomyofexistingadhocroutingprotocols,anditdiscussestheadvantages
anddisadvantagesofeachoftheroutingprotocols.Chapter6presentsasetofwell-
known mobility-adaptive multicast routing protocols for MANETs. Traditional IP
multicastandroutingprotocolsareinappropriateformobileadhocnetworks.This
is mainly because multicast trees could easily break due to dynamic topologies of
MANET. Chapter 7 discusses the evolution of multihop wireless network routing
protocolsfromtheperspectiveofaccountingforlinkquality,andthenitprovidesand
overviewofrecenteffortstomodelandanalyticallyderivenear-optimalroutingcon-
figurations.Chapter8providesanoverviewofthestateoftheartonroutingprotocols
inintermittentlyconnectedmobileadhocnetworksanddelay-tolerantnetworks.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an efficient transport layer proto-
coldesignedforwirednetworks(suchastheInternet).However,manystudieshave
shownthatitperformsbadlyinthewirelessandmobileadhocnetwork(MANETs)
environments.Chapter9providesathoroughunderstandingoftheproblemsoftra-
ditional TCP over wired networks and presents the principles behind the proposed
traditionalTCPenhancementsformobileadhocnetworks.Asafollow-up,Chapter
10identifiesthemainchallengesfacedbyTCPwhenusedoveradiverseadhocnet-
workenvironment,anditdiscussesrecentACK-thinningtechniquesthathavebeen
proposedforMANETenvironments.
Transmissionpowercontrolinwirelessadhocnetworksisconcernedwiththese-
lectionoftransmitpowerforpackettransmissionateachnodetoachievesomedesired
performancetargets.Thetransmitpowerlevelaffectsmanyaspectsoftheoperation
ofwirelessadhocnetwork.Chapter11discussessomebasicprinciplesthatcanbe
used as a guideline for the design of efficient power control protocols and presents
severalwell-knownpowercontrolalgorithmsandprotocolswhilehighlightingtheir
impactsonthelayersoftheprotocolstack.Inrecentyears,wehavebeenwitnessing
agrowinginteresttoWLANmeshnetworks.Thisismainlybecausetheyareviewed
asacost-effectivewayofdeployingoutdoorcoverageinmetro-areaWi-Fihotzones.
InaWLANmesh,multihoprelayingisusedtoreducetheinfrastructurecostofpro-
vidingwirednetworkconnectionstoeachWLANmeshnode.However,beforethese
multihop networks become a commodity for outdoor mesh deployments, we must