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IRMA Lectures in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics 31 FVA rédolulge é rmb i r cea Algebraic Combinatorics, Resurgence, Moulds and Applications Ch 1ic a C (CARMA), Volume 1 p o o m t o b Frédéric Chapoton, Frédéric Fauvet, Claudia Malvenuto and n i Jean-Yves Thibon, Editors , F na r t é o d r Algebraic Combinatorics, é i r c i s This is volume 1 of a 2-volume work comprising a total of 14 refereed research c , F R articles which stem from the CARMA Conference (Algebraic Combinatorics, a e Resurgence, Moulds and Resurgence, Moulds and Applications), held at the Centre International de u s v u e Rencontres Mathématiques in Luminy, France, from June 26 to 30, 2017. t rg , C e Applications (CARMA) l n The conference did notably emphasise the role of Hopf algebraic techniques a c u e and related concepts (e.g. Rota–Baxter algebras, operads, Ecalle’s mould d , ia M calculus) which have lately proved pervasive in combinatorics, but also in M o many other fields, from multiple zeta values to the algebraic study of control a u Volume 1 systems and the theory of rough paths. lv ld e s n u a The volumes should be useful to researchers or graduate students in t n o d mathematics working in these domains and to theoretical physicists involved a A with resurgent functions and alien calculus. n p Frédéric Chapoton d p J l e i a c Frédéric Fauvet n a -Y tio v n Claudia Malvenuto e s s T ( h C i A Jean-Yves Thibon b o R n M , A E Editors d ) i t o r s ISBN 978-3-03719-204-7 www.ems-ph.org Chapoton et al. | IRMA 31 | FONT: Rotis Sans | Farben: Pantone 287, Pantone 116 | 170 x 240 mm | RB: 23? mm IRMA Lectures in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics 31 Edited by Christian Kassel and Vladimir G. Turaev Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée CNRS et Université de Strasbourg 7 rue René Descartes 67084 Strasbourg Cedex France IRMA Lectures in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Edited by Christian Kassel and Vladimir G. Turaev This series is devoted to the publication of research monographs, lecture notes, and other material arising from programs of the Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (Strasbourg, France). The goal is to promote recent advances in mathematics and theoretical physics and to make them accessible to wide circles of mathematicians, physicists, and students of these disciplines. For a complete listing see our homepage at www.ems-ph.org. 10 Physics and Number Theory, Louise Nyssen (Ed.) 11 Handbook of Teichmüller Theory, Volume I, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) 12 Quantum Groups, Benjamin Enriquez (Ed.) 13 Handbook of Teichmüller Theory, Volume II, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) 14 Michel Weber, Dynamical Systems and Processes 15 Renormalization and Galois Theory, Alain Connes, Frédéric Fauvet and Jean-Pierre Ramis (Eds.) 16 Handbook of Pseudo-Riemannian Geometry and Supersymmetry, Vicente Cortés (Ed.) 17 Handbook of Teichmüller Theory, Volume III, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) 18 Strasbourg Master Class on Geometry, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) 19 Handbook of Teichmüller Theory, Volume IV, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) 20 Singularities in Geometry and Topology. Strasbourg 2009, Vincent Blanlœil and Toru Ohmoto (Eds.) 21 Faà di Bruno Hopf Algebras, Dyson–Schwinger Equations, and Lie–Butcher Series, Kurusch Ebrahimi-Fard and Frédéric Fauvet (Eds.) 22 Handbook of Hilbert Geometry, Athanase Papadopoulos and Marc Troyanov (Eds.) 23 Sophus Lie and Felix Klein: The Erlangen Program and Its Impact in Mathematics and Physics, Lizhen Ji and Athanase Papadopoulos (Eds.) 24 Free Loop Spaces in Geometry and Topology, Janko Latschev and Alexandru Oancea (Eds.) 25 Takashi Shioya, Metric Measure Geometry. Gromov‘s Theory of Convergence and Concentration of Metrics and Measures 26 Handbook of Teichmüller Theory, Volume V, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) 27 Handbook of Teichmüller Theory, Volume VI, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) 28 Yann Bugeaud, Linear Forms in Logarithms and Applications 29 Eighteen Essays in Non-Euclidean Geometry, Vincent Alberge and Athanase Papadopoulos (Eds.) 30 Handbook of Teichmüller Theory, Volume VII, Athanase Papadopoulos (Ed.) Algebraic Combinatorics, Resurgence, Moulds and Applications (CARMA) Volume 1 Frédéric Chapoton Frédéric Fauvet Claudia Malvenuto Jean-Yves Thibon Editors Editors: Frédéric Chapoton Frédéric Fauvet IRMA, UFR Mathématiques et Informatique IRMA, UFR Mathématiques et Informatique Université de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg 7, rue René Descartes 7, rue René Descartes 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Claudia Malvenuto Jean-Yves Thibon Dipartimento di Matematica “Guido Castelnuovo” Laboratoire d’Informatique Gaspard Monge Università di Roma La Sapienza Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée Piazzale A. Moro 5 5, boulevard Descartes, Champs sur Marne 00185 Roma, Italy 77454 Marne-la-Vallée CEDEX 2, France e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 05E, 81T15, 81T18, 81Q30, 34C20, 37C10, 18D50, 34M40, 34M60, 11M32, 30D60 Key words: Operad, Hopf algebra, algebraic combinatorics, moulds, renormalization, periods, multiple zeta values, resurgent functions, alien calculus, vector fields, diffeomorphisms ISBN 978-3-03719-204-7 The Swiss National Library lists this publication in The Swiss Book, the Swiss national bibliography, and the detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://www.helveticat.ch. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 2020 European Mathematical Society Contact address: European Mathematical Society Publishing House TU Berlin Mathematikgebäude, Room MA266 Straße des 17. Juni 136 10623 Berlin, Germany Homepage: ems.press / ems-ph.org Typeset using the authors’ TEX files: le-tex publishing services GmbH, Leipzig, Germany Printing and binding: Beltz Bad Langensalza GmbH, Bad Langensalza, Germany ∞ Printed on acid free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents of Volume 1 Shufflequadri-algebrasandconcatenation byMohamedBelhajMohamed,DominiqueManchon : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1 Structuretheoremsfordendriformandtridendriformalgebras byEmilyBurgunder,BéréniceDelcroix-Oger: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29 Agroup-theoreticalapproachtoconditionallyfreecumulants byKuruschEbrahimi-Fard,FrédéricPatras : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 67 TheNaturalGrowthScale byJeanEcalle : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 95 RealizationsofHopfalgebrasofgraphsbyalphabets byLoïcFoissy : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 225 Duplicialalgebras,parkingfunctions,andLagrangeinversion byJean-ChristopheNovelli,Jean-YvesThibon : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 263 ThetriduplicialoperadisKoszul byAnthonyMansuy : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 291 TheHopfalgebraofintegerbinaryrelations byVincentPilaudandVivianePons : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 299 Listofcontributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Combinatoire Algébrique, Résurgence, Moules et Applications (Algebraic Combinatorics, Resurgence, Moulds and Applications) Conférence de clôture du 26 au 30 juin 2017 Ines Aniceto (Krakow) David Broadhurst (Open U.) Francis Brown (Oxford) Emily Burgunder (Toulouse) Gerald Dunne (U. Connecticut) Kurusch Ebrahimi-Fard (Trondheim) Jean Écalle (Orsay) Michael Hoffman (Annapolis) Carlos Mafra (Southampton) Dominique Manchon (Clermont-Ferrand) Marcos Marino (Genève) Frédéric Menous (Orsay) Jean-Christophe Novelli (Marne-la-Vallée) Erik Panzer (Oxford) Frédéric Patras (Nice) Viviane Pons (Orsay) David Sauzin (Pisa) Karen Yeats (Vancouver) Scientific & Organizing Committee Frédéric Chapoton (CNRS/Strasbourg) Frédéric Fauvet (Strasbourg) Claudia Malvenuto (Roma) Jean-Yves Thibon (Marne-la-Vallée) Contents of Volume 2 Specialvaluesoffinitemultipleharmonicq-seriesatrootsofunity byHenrikBachmann,YoshihiroTakeyamaandKojiTasaka : : : : : : : : : : : : 1 Mouldcalculus: fromprimarytosecondarymouldsymmetries byOlivierBouillot : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 19 Renormalisationandlocality: branchedzetavalues byPierreClavier,LiGuo,SylviePaychaandBinZhang : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 85 Thescramblingoperatorsappliedtomultizetaalgebra andsingularperturbationanalysis byJeanEcalle : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 135 Quasi-shufflealgebrasandapplications byMichaelE.Hoffman : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 327 Planarbinarytreesinscatteringamplitudes byCarlosR.Mafra: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 349 Astudyonprefixesofc invariants 2 byKarenYeats: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 367 Listofcontributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Introduction Thisisthefirstoftwovolumesthatconstituteafollow-uptotheCARMAConference (AlgebraicCombinatorics,Resurgence,MouldsandApplications),heldattheCentre Internationalde RencontresMathématiquesin Luminy, France, from June26 to 30, 2017. The CARMA projectof the FrenchNationalResearchAgencydevotedto Alge- braicCombinatorics,Resurgence,MouldsandApplicationswasstartedin2012. The conference CARMA 2017 aimed at taking stock of the numerous recent achievementsandpublicationsonthesetopics,fromexpertsbothoutsideandinside thisresearchgroup. TheconferencedidnotablyemphasisetheroleofHopfalgebraictechniquesand related objects such as Rota Baxter algebras, operads and Ecalle s mould calculus. They have lately provedpervasivein combinatoricsas well as in many other fields, from multiple zeta values to the algebraic study of control systems and the theory of rough paths. Moreover, recent years have seen a burst of articles in various ar- eas of theoretical physics that enhance the role of resurgent functions beyond their originalapplicationsindynamicalsystems,whichwerealsoamongthetopicsofthe conference. Some of the papers in these volumes correspond to talks given during the con- ference, others are original articles from participants. The contributions to the first volume essentially center about mould calculus and combinatorial Hopf algebras. Thesecondvolumemainlydealswithmultizetasandphysicalapplications,although thereisnoclearcutseparationbetweenboth.

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