Algebra & Trigonometry

1175 Pages·2012·34.385 MB·English

by  Michael Sullivan

Review “Study for Quizzes and Tests”
Feature Description Benefit Page
Chapter Reviews at the end of each chapter contain…
“Things to A detailed list of important theorems, Review these and you’ll know the 494–495
Know” formulas,and definitions most important material in the chapter!
from the chapter.
“You Should Be Contains a complete list of objectives by Do the recommended exercises and 495–496
Able to…” section,examples that illustrate the you’ll have mastery over the key
objective,and practice exercises that test material. If you get something wrong,
your understanding of the objective. review the suggested page numbers
and try again.
Review These provide comprehensive review and Practice makes perfect.These problems 496–499
Exercises practice of key skills,matched to the combine exercises from all sections,
Learning Objectives for each section. giving you a comprehensive review in
one place.
CHAPTER TEST About 15–20 problems that can be taken Be prepared.Take the sample practice 500
as a Chapter Test.Be sure to take the test under test conditions.This will
Chapter Test under test conditions—no get you ready for your instructor’s test.
notes! If you get a problem wrong,watch
the Chapter Test Prep video.
CUMULATIVE These problem sets appear at the end of These are really important.They will 500–501
REVIEW each chapter,beginning with Chapter 2. ensure that you are not forgetting
They combine problems from previous anything as you go.These will go a long
chapters,providing an ongoing way toward keeping you constantly
cumulative review. primed for the final exam.
CHAPTER The Chapter Project applies what you’ve The Project gives you an opportunity to 501–502
PROJECTS learned in the chapter.Additional projects apply what you’ve learned in the chapter
are available on the Instructor’s to solve a problem related to the
Resource Center (IRC). opening article. If your instructor allows,
these make excellent opportunities to
work in a group,which is often the
best way of learning math.
NEW!
Internet-based In selected chapters,a web-based The projects allow the opportunity for 501–502
Projects project is given. students to collaborate and use
mathematics to deal with issues that
come up in their lives.
To the Student
As you begin, you may feel anxious about the number of theorems, definitions,
procedures,and equations.You may wonder if you can learn it all in time.Don’t
worry,your concerns are normal.This textbook was written with you in mind.If
you attend class, work hard, and read and study this book, you will build the
knowledge and skills you need to be successful.Here’s how you can use the book
to your benefit.
Read Carefully
When you get busy,it’s easy to skip reading and go right to the problems.Don’t...
the book has a large number of examples and clear explanations to help you break
down the mathematics into easy-to-understand steps.Reading will provide you with
a clearer understanding,beyond simple memorization.Read before class (not after)
so you can ask questions about anything you didn’t understand.You’ll be amazed at
how much more you’ll get out of class if you do this.
Use the Features
I use many different methods in the classroom to communicate.Those methods,
when incorporated into the book, are called “features.”The features serve many
purposes,from providing timely review of material you learned before (just when
you need it),to providing organized review sessions to help you prepare for quizzes
and tests.Take advantage of the features and you will master the material.
To make this easier,I’ve provided a brief guide to getting the most from this
book.Refer to the “Prepare for Class,”“Practice,”and “Review”pages on the inside
front cover of this book.Spend fifteen minutes reviewing the guide and familiarizing
yourself with the features by flipping to the page numbers provided.Then,as you
read,use them.This is the best way to make the most of your textbook.
Please do not hesitate to contact me, through Pearson Education, with any
questions,suggestions,or comments that would improve this text.I look forward to
hearing from you,and good luck with all of your studies.
Best Wishes!
Michael Sullivan
Step-by-step solutions on video for all
chapter test exercises from the text
EnglishandSpanishSubtitlesAvailable
CHAPTER TEST PREP VIDEOS ARE ACCESSIBLE THROUGH THE FOLLOWING:
Interactive DVD
Lecture Series
For the Family
Katy (Murphy) and Pat Shannon,Patrick,Ryan
Mike and Yola Michael,Kevin,Marissa
Dan and Sheila Maeve,Sean,Nolan
Colleen (O’Hara) and Bill Kaleigh,Billy,Timmy
ALGEBRA & TRIGONOMETRY
NINTH EDITION
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ALGEBRA & TRIGONOMETRY
NINTH EDITION
Michael Sullivan
Chicago State University
Prentice Hall
Editor in Chief: Anne Kelly
Sponsoring Editor: Dawn Murrin
Assistant Editor: Joseph Colella
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Marketing Assistant: Katherine Minton
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Production Editor: Bob Walters,Prepress Management,Inc.
Senior Design Supervisor: Andrea Nix
Art Direction and Cover Design: Barbara T.Atkinson
Interior Design: Tamara Newnam
Image Manager/Image Management Services: Rachel Youdelman
Photo Researcher: Caroline Commins
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Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville
Composition: MPS Limited,a Macmillan Company
Technical Illustrations: Precision Graphics and Laserwords
Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville
Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown
Text Font: Times Ten Roman
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced,with
permission,in this textbook appear on page xxx.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks.Where those designations appear in this book,
and Pearson was aware of a trademark claim,the designations have been printed in
initial caps or all caps.
The Student Edition of this book has been cataloged as follows:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sullivan,Michael,1942-
Algebra & trigonometry / Michael Sullivan.—9th ed.
p.cm.
ISBN 978-0-321-71656-9
1.Algebra—Textbooks.2. Trigonometry—Textbooks. I.Title. II.Title:Algebra and trigonometry.
QA154.3.S73 2012
512¿.13—dc22
2010027085
Copyright © 2012,2008,2005,and 2002 by Pearson Education,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this
publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any
means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without the prior written
permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of America.For information on obtaining
permission for use of material in this work,please submit a written request to Pearson Education,Inc.,
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to 617-671-3447,or e-mail at http://www.pearsoned.com/legal/permissions.htm.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—CRK—14 13 12 11 10
ISBN-10:0-321-71656-6
ISBN-13:978-0-321-71656-9
Table of Contents
To the Student ii
Preface to the Instructor xvi
Applications Index xxiii
Photo Credits xxx
R
Review 1
R.1 Real Numbers 2
R.2 Algebra Essentials 17
R.3 Geometry Essentials 30
R.4 Polynomials 39
R.5 Factoring Polynomials 49
R.6 Synthetic Division 58
R.7 Rational Expressions 62
R.8 nth Roots;Rational Exponents 73
1
Equations and Inequalities 81
1.1 Linear Functions 82
1.2 Quadratic Equations 92
1.3 Complex Numbers;Quadratic Equations in the Complex
Number System 104
1.4 Radical Equations;Equations Quadratic in Form;Factorable
Equations 113
1.5 Solving Inequalities 119
1.6 Equations and Inequalities Involving Absolute Value 130
1.7 Problem Solving:Interest,Mixture,Uniform Motion,
Constant Rate Job Applications 134
Chapter Review 143
Chapter Test 147
Chapter Projects 148
2
Graphs 149
2.1 The Distance and Midpoint Formulas 150
2.2 Graphs of Equations in Two Variables;Intercepts;
Symmetry 157
2.3 Lines 167
2.4 Circles 182
2.5 Variation 188
ix