Algae Organisms for Imminent Biotechnology

339 Pages·2016·53 MB·English

by  Nooruddin Thajuddin and Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran

Algae
Organisms for Imminent Biotechnology
Edited by Nooruddin Thajuddin and

Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
Algae: Organisms for Imminent Biotechnology
Edited by Nooruddin Thajuddin and Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
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ISBN-10: 953-51-2432-3
ISBN-13: 978-953-51-2432-0
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ISBN-10: 953-51-2431-5
ISBN-13: 978-953-51-2431-3

C ontents
Preface
Chapter 1 Microalgae and Cyanobacteria as Green Molecular
Factories: Tools and Perspectives
by Hector Osorio Urtubia, Lucy Belmar Betanzo and Mónica Vásquez
Chapter 2 Bloom Dynamics of Emiliania Huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay
& Mohler, 1967 in the Sea of Marmara: A Review
by Muhammet Turkoglu
Chapter 3 Considerations for Photobioreactor Design and
Operation for Mass Cultivation of Microalgae
by Juan Cristóbal García Cañedo and Gema Lorena López Lizárraga
Chapter 4 Algae as an Indicator of Water Quality
by Didem Gökçe
Chapter 5 Biosensors Based on Micro-algae for Ecological
Monitoring of the Aquatic Environment
by S. S. Voznesenskiy, A. Y. Popik, E. L. Gamayunov, T. Y. Orlova, Z.
V. Markina and Y. N. Kulchin
Chapter 6 Biotechnology Carbon Capture and Storage by
Microalgae to Enhance CO2 Removal Efficiency in Closed-System
Photobioreactor
by Astri Rinanti
Chapter 7 Algal Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biotechnological
Potentials
by Felix LewisOscar, Sasikumar Vismaya, Manivel Arunkumar,
Nooruddin Thajuddin, Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran and Chari Nithya
VI Contents
Chapter 8 Biofilms: An Extra Coat on Macroalgae
by Olga Maria Lage and Ana Patrícia Graça
Chapter 9 Silica-Based Nanovectors: From Mother Nature to
Biomedical Applications
by Monica Terracciano, Luca De Stefano, Hélder A. Santos, Nicola M.
Martucci, Angela Tino, Immacolata Ruggiero, Ivo Rendina, Nunzia
Migliaccio, Claudia Tortiglione, Annalisa Lamberti and Ilaria Rea
Chapter 10 Challenges and Opportunities in the Present Era of
Marine Algal Applications
by Keshini Beetul, Arvind Gopeechund, Deepeeka Kaullysing, Sushma
Mattan-Moorgawa, Daneshwar Puchooa and Ranjeet Bhagooli
Chapter 11 Genetic Identification and Mass Propagation of
Economically Important Seaweeds
by Wilson Thau Lym Yong, Grace Joy Wei Lie Chin and Kenneth Francis
Rodrigues
Chapter 12 Seaweeds as Source of New Bioactive Prototypes
by Caio Cesar Richter Nogueira and Valéria Laneuville Teixeira

Preface
"Algae: Organisms for Imminent Biotechnology" will be useful source
of information on basic and applied aspects of algae for post graduate
students, researchers, scientists, agriculturists, and decision makers.
The book comprises a total of 12 chapters covering various aspects
of algae particularly on microalgal biotechnology, bloom dynamics,
photobioreactor design and operation of microalgal mass cultivation,
algae used as indicator of water quality, microalgal biosensors for
ecological monitoring in aquatic environment, carbon capture and
storage by microalgae to enhancing CO2 removal, synthesis and
biotechnological potentials of algal nanoparticles, biofilms, silica-
based nanovectors, challenges and opportunities in marine algae,
and genetic identification and mass propagation of economically
important seaweeds and seaweeds as source of new bioactive
prototypes.

Chapter 1
Microalgae and Cyanobacteria as Green Molecular
Factories: Tools and Perspectives
Hector Osorio Urtubia, Lucy Belmar Betanzo and
Mónica Vásquez
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/100261
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae are phototrophic microorganisms capable of
producing organic compounds using solar energy. Owing to their fast growth, low cost
cultivation, and the diversity of high-value chemical substances produced, they are
considered an attractive target to be exploited by the biotechnology industry. While genetic
modulation of these organisms has been extensively proved in the laboratory, present-
day microalgal industry uses mainly non-transgenic strains. Although some unicellular
cyanobacteria can be successfully engineered, many commercial bioproducts are
synthesized preferably by eukaryotic microalgae or filamentous cyanobacteria to take
advantage of their better-suited natural physiological characteristics. The successful
genetic engineering of these microorganisms is not limited to the understanding of the
gene expression machinery (e.g., promoters, codon usage, ribosome binding sites), but it
must also include other subjects, such as defense mechanisms against the intrusion of
foreign DNA. This chapter reviews current strategies in microalgae biotechnology and
analyzes the most frequent problems we faced to genetically manipulate these microor‐
ganisms, including their transformation and selection methodologies. In summary, we
attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant information and tools required
for optimal engineering of a photosynthetic microorganism employed in sustainable
biotechnology applications.
Keywords: microalgae, cyanobacteria, transgenic strains, biotechnology, transforma‐
tion