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Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont in America PDF

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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 1 1 min Mil i 3 "99 06857 091 8 OTIS uevL AND c zBeaumond V „ in o^Cmerica THEIR FRIENDSHIP AND THEIR TRAVELS EDITED BY OLIVIER ZUNZ TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR GOLDHAMMER ' ** L-, -c *■. r;V... .. .,..Z«T#t H ^ -iH/i tii HrM a young aristocrat of Alexis de Tocqueville, twenty-five, worried deeply about the future of France as well as his own Fite in his native country, which had just experienced its sec¬ ond revolution in less than fifty years. Along with Gustave de Beaumont, a fellow magistrate, Tocqueville conceived the idea that by traveling to America he could penetrate the secret of the modern world, in which democracy and equality were destined to rule. Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont in America presents the journey of these two friends in an authoritative and elegant volume. Zunz and Goldhammer reproduce most of the surviving letters, notebooks, and other texts that Tocqueville and Beaumont wrote during their decisive American journey of 1831-32, as well as their reflections and correspondence on America following their return to France. Also reproduce here are most of the drawings from the two sketchbooks Beaumont filled during their travels. The two young men relied on these documents in writing their individual works on America, Tocqueville’s seminal Democracy in America (1835-40) and Beaumont’s novel Marie; or, Slavery in the United States (1835). Focusing on American equality, Tocqueville made a lasting contribution to Western political thought by framing modern history as a con¬ tinuous struggle between political liberty and social equality, and presented the United States as having struck a proper balance between the two ideals. Beaumont concentrated instead on the brutality of racial prejudice. These extraordinarily rich and often profound texts constitute the in¬ dispensable record of their intertwined engage¬ ment with the United States, which we see here through the unfailingly intelligent gaze of two young Frenchmen with a unique appreciation of what was novel in the American experiment. THEIR FRIENDSHIP AND THEIR TRAVELS University of Virginia Press © 2010 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper First published 2010 987654321 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859. [Selections. English. 2010] Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont in America : their friendship and their travels / edited by Olivier Zunz ; translated by Arthur Goldhammer. p. cm. Summary: A selection of Tocqueville’s writings on America together with letters and sketches from his traveling companion, Gustave de Beaumont. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8139-3062-6 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. United States—Description and travel—Sources. 2. United States—Social life and customs—1783-1865—Sources. 3. United States—Politics and government—1783-1865—- Sources. 4. National characteristics, American—History—19th century—Sources. 5. Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859—Travel—United States. 6. Beaumont, Gustave de, 1802- 1866—Travel—United States. 7. Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859—Friends and associates. 8. Beaumont, Gustave de, 1802-1866—Friends and associates. 9. Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859—Archives. 10. Beaumont, Gustave de, 1802-1866—Correspondence. I. Zunz, Olivier. II. Goldhammer, Arthur. III. Beaumont, Gustave de, 1802-1866. IV. Title. E165.T53213 2010 917.30409*034—dc2 2 2010021800 Title page illustrations: Alexis de Tocqueville at 39 (1844) by Theodore Chasseriau (upper left; The Image Works, Inc.) and Gustave de Beaumont at 35 (1837) (lower right, Beinecke Library). CONTENTS List of Illustrations xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Editor’s Note xl « PART ONE Letters from Tocqueville and Beaumont on Their American Travels i Before the Voyage Tocqueville to Charles Stoffels, Paris, 4 November 1830 3 Tocqueville to Gustave de Beaumont, 14 March 1831 4 Aboard Le Havre Beaumont to his father, 23 April 1831 6 Tocqueville to his mother, 9 May 1831 7 During theJourney FROM THE EAST COAST Tocqueville to his mother, New York, 14 and 15 May 1831 7 Beaumont to his mother, New York, 14 May 1831 n Beaumont to his father, New York, 16 May 1831 15 Tocqueville to Louis de Kergorlay, New York, 18 May 1831 20 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, New York, 18 May 1831 21 Tocqueville to his brother Edouard, New York, 28 May 1831 24 Tocqueville to Abbe Lesueur, New York, 28 May 1831 23 Tocqueville to his father, Sing Sing, 3 June 1831 27 Beaumont to his mother, New York, 7 June 1831 31 Tocqueville to his sister-in-law Emilie, New York, 9 June 1831 36 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, New York, 9 June 1831 38 Beaumont to his brother Achille, New York, 18 June 1831 40 Tocqueville to his mother, New York, 19 June 1831 43 Tocqueville to his sister-in-law Alexandrine, New York, 20 June 1831 44 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, New York, 20 June 1831 45 Tocqueville to Eugene Stoffels, New York, 28' June 1831 47 Tocqueville to Louis de Kergorlay, Yonkers and Calwell, 29 June 1831 49 Beaumont to his father, New York, 29 June 1831 57 Tocqueville to Abbe Lesueur, New York, 30 June 1831 38 Beaumont to his brother Jules, Albany and Utica, 4 and 6 July 1831 59 Tocqueville to his father, Albany, 4 July 1831 68 FROM THE OLD NORTHWEST (AND BACK TO ALBANY BY WAY OF CANADA) Beaumont to his sister, Eugenie, Auburn, 14 July 1831 69 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Auburn, 16 July 1831 77 Tocqueville to his mother, Auburn, 17 July 1831 80 Beaumont to Ernest de Chabrol, aboard the Ohio on Lake Erie, 24 July 1831 83 Tocqueville to his sister-in-law Emilie, Batavia, 25 July 1831 85 Beaumont to Ernest de Chabrol, aboard the Superior on Lake Huron, 2 August 1831 88 Tocqueville to Abbe Lesueur, Detroit, 3 August 1831 98 Beaumont to his brother Achille, aboard the Superior on Lake Michigan, 11 August 1831 98 Tocqueville to his father, on Lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan, 14 and 15 August 1831 no Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Buffalo, 17 August 1831 hi Beaumont to his father, aboard the Great Britain on Lake Ontario, 21 August 1831 113 Tocqueville to his mother, on Lake Ontario, 21 August 1831 114 Tocqueville to Dalmassy, late August 1831 117 Beaumont to his father, Albany, 5 September 1831 118 Tocqueville to Abbe Lesueur, Albany, 7 September 1831 123 Tocqueville to his sister-in-law Emilie, Albany, 7 September 1831 125 FROM BOSTON, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, AND BALTIMORE Beaumont to his brother Jules, Boston, 16 September 1831 126 Beaumont, diary fragments, September 1831 132 Tocqueville and Beaumont to Jared Sparks, 1 October 1831 134 Tocqueville to his father, Hartford, 7 October 1831 137 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Hartford, 7 October 1831 138 Tocqueville to his cousin Eugenie de Grancey, New York, 10 October 1831 140 Tocqueville to vicomte Ernest de Blosseville, New York, 10 October 1831 144 Beaumont to his father, Philadelphia, 16 October 1831 143 Tocqueville to his sister-in-law Alexandrine, Philadelphia, 18 October 1831 147 VI CONTENTS Tocqueville to Eugene Stoffels, Philadelphia, 18 October 1831 148 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Philadelphia, 18 October 1831 149 Tocqueville to his mother, Philadelphia, 24 October 1831 130 Beaumont to his sister-in-law Felicie, Philadelphia, 26 October 1831 131 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Philadelphia, 26 October 1831 155 Beaumont to his brother Achille, Philadelphia, 8 November 1831 161 Tocqueville to an unknown recipient, Philadelphia, 8 November 1831 163 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Philadelphia, 19 November 1831 167 GOING SOUTH Tocqueville to his brother Edouard, aboard the Fourth of July; 26 November 1831 169 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, aboard the Fourth of July on the Ohio River, 26 and 28 November 1831 170 Tocqueville to his sister-in-law Emilie, on the Ohio River, 28 November 1831 174 Beaumont, diary fragments, December 1831 175 Beaumont to his brother Jules, on the Ohio River, 4 December 1831 178 Tocqueville to Jared Sparks, Cincinnati, 2 December 1831 182 Tocqueville to his mother, Louisville, 6 December 1831 184 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Louisville, 6 December 1831 186 Beaumont to his mother, Sandy Bridge and Memphis, 15 and 18 December 1831 187 Tocqueville to his father, Memphis, 20 December 1831 190 Tocqueville to his mother, on the Mississippi River, 23 December 1831 193 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, on the Mississippi River, 27 December 1831 197 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Chesapeake Bay, 16 January 1832 200 BACK TO WASHINGTON Beaumont to his mother, Washington, 20, 22, and 23 January 1832 201 Tocqueville to his brother Edouard, Washington, 20 January 1832 204 Tocqueville to his father, Washington, 24 January 1832 205 Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, Washington, 24 January 1832 206 PART TWO Tocqueville s Travel Notebooks 209 Non-alphabetic Notebooks 1 211 2 and 3 234 Travel Notebooks 1 292 3 306 2 293 4 and 5 311 CONTENTS vn Alphabetic Notebooks A 314 B 333 # Notebooks E 339 F 366 PART THREE Tocqueville s Narration of Two Excursions 395 The Journey to Oneida Lake 397 Two Weeks in the Wilderness 402 PART FOUR Tocqueville’s and Beaumont’s Texts on the Penitentiary System 441 Letters from America Tocqueville to Felix Le Peletier d’Aunay, Sing Sing, 7 June 1831 443 Tocqueville and Beaumont to the Minister of the Interior, Auburn, 14 July 1831 448 Tocqueville and Beaumont to the Minister of the Interior, Philadelphia, 10 November 1831 453 Tocqueville and Beaumont to Richard Riker, January-February 1832 465 Excerpts from Beaumont and Tocqueville, On the Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Application in France Part i: “Penitentiary Systems in the United States,” chapter 3: “Reform” 466 Part 3: “Reform Schools” (Matsons de refuge), chapter 1 470 Appendix 2: Public Education 478 Appendix 4: Imprisonment for Debt in the United States 479 Appendix 5: Imprisonment, Witnesses 479 Appendix 6: Temperance Societies 480 Appendix 7: Study of the Philadelphia Penitentiary (October 1831) 481 Letters Following Publication of the Penitentiary Report Tocqueville to Gustave de Beaumont, Paris, 26 May 1837 492 Tocqueville to Honore Langlois, Tocqueville, 17 August 1838 493 Tocqueville to Nathaniel Niles, 15 June 1843 499 Tocqueville to Charles Sumner, Tocqueville, 6 August 1847 500 viii CONTENTS PART FIVE Beaumont’s Marie; or, Slavery in the United States: A Novel of Jacksonian America, 1835 303 Chapter Excerpts 503 Appendix i: On the Social and Political Condition of Negro Slaves and Freed Men and Women of Color 520 Note Excerpts 542 PART SIX Tocqueville’s Letters on the Writing and Publication of Democracy in America 361 Tocqueville to Camille d’Orglandes, 29 November 1834 563 Tocqueville to John Stuart Mill, June 1835 564 Tocqueville to M. le comte Mole, Paris, August 1835 566 Tocqueville to John Stuart Mill, Baugy and Paris, 3 and 5 December 1835 566 Tocqueville to an American correspondent, 1835 or 1836 368 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Baugy, 5 June 1836 569 Tocqueville to Captain Basil Hall, Baugy, 19 June 1836 570 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Baugy, 21 November 1836 571 Tocqueville to Gustave de Beaumont, Baugy, 22 November 1836 572 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Paris, 22 March 1837 573 Tocqueville to Jared Sparks, Tocqueville, 21 August 1837 574 Tocqueville to John Quincy Adams, Paris, 4 December 1837 575 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Baugy, 3 January 1838 576 Tocqueville to Louis de Kergorlay, Baugy, 2 February 1838 577 Tocqueville to Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard, Tocqueville, 30 August 1838 578 Tocqueville to John Canfield Spencer, Tocqueville, 20 September 1838 578 Tocqueville to John Canfield Spencer, Tocqueville, 12 September 1839 379 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Paris, 15 September 1839 581 Tocqueville to John Stuart Mill, Paris, 14 November 1839 582 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Paris, 3 February 1840 583 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Paris, 28 February 1840 584 Tocqueville to John Stuart Mill, Paris, 3 May 1840 584 Tocqueville to John Stuart Mill, Paris, 18 December 1840 585 Tocqueville to Louis de Kergorlay, 18 October 1847 586 CONTENTS ix PART SEVEN Tocqueville’s and Beaumont’s Views of America after 1840 591 Tocqueville s and Beaumont's Letters on America, 1840—58 Tocqueville to Jared Sparks, Tocqueville, 13 October 1840 593 Tocqueville to John Canfield Spencer, Tocqueville, 10 November 1841 394 Tocqueville to Odilon Barrot, Tocqueville, 16 September 1842 595 Tocqueville to Francis Lieber, Tocqueville, 18 September 1844 593 Tocqueville to Francis Lieber, Paris, 13 November 1844 597 Tocqueville to Francis Lieber, 14 December 1844 599 Tocqueville to Francis Lieber, 22 July 1846 600 Tocqueville to Edward Everett, Paris, 15 February 1850 600 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Paris, 4 December 1852 602 Tocqueville to Jared Sparks, Paris, n December 1852 603 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Saint-Cyr, 7 November 1853 604 Beaumont to Alexis de Tocqueville, Paris, 31 July 1854 605 Tocqueville to Gustave de Beaumont, Bonn, 6 August 1854 606 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Bonn, 14 August 1854 606 Tocqueville to Gustave de Beaumont, Compiegne, 21 February 1855 607 Tocqueville to Francisque de Corcelle, 5 September 1853 608 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Tocqueville, 19 September 1855 608 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Tocqueville, 29 August 1856 609 Tocqueville to Francis Lieber, Tocqueville, 1 September 1856 610 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Tocqueville, 14 October 1856 611 Tocqueville to Henry Reeve, Tocqueville, 21 November 1856 611 Tocqueville to Edward Vernon Childe, Tocqueville, 12 December 1856 612 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Tocqueville, 10 January 1857 613 Tocqueville to Arthur de Gobineau, Tocqueville, 24 January 1857 613 Tocqueville to Edward Vernon Childe, 2 April 1857 614 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Paris, 13 April 1857 615 Tocqueville to Theodore Sedgwick, Paris, 13 June 1857 617 Tocqueville to the Massachusetts Historical Society, June 1857 618 Tocqueville to Francis Lieber, Tocqueville, 9 October 1857 619 Tocqueville to Charles Sumner, Tocqueville, 14 November 1857 620 Tocqueville to Gustave de Beaumont, Tocqueville, 16 November 1857 621 Beaumont to Alexis de Tocqueville, Beaumont-la-Chartre, 19 November 1857 622 Tocqueville to Gustave de Beaumont, Tocqueville, 6 December 1857 622 Tocqueville to Edward Vernon Childe, Tocqueville, 23 January 1858 623 Tocqueville to Pierre Freslon, Tocqueville, 5 March 1858 623 Tocqueville to Charles Sumner, Tocqueville, 28 March 1858 623 X CONTENTS

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A selection of Tocqueville’s writings on America together with letters and sketches from his traveling companion, Gustave de Beaumont.
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.