Alexander the Great at War: His army - His battles - His Enemies

261 Pages·2008·95.22 MB·English

by  Ruth Sheppard

ALEXANDER
THE GREAT
HIS ARMY • HIS BATTLES • HIS ENEMIES
OSPREY
PUBLISHING
HIS ARMY • HIS BATTLES • HIS ENEMIES
EDITOR RUTH SHEPPARD
FirstpublishedinGreatBritainin2008byOspreyPublishing,MidlandHouse,
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MaterialfromDuncanB.Campbell,Elite121:AncientSiegeWarfare;DuncanB.Campbell,NewVanguard
78:GreekandRomanSiegeMachinery;DuncanB.Campbell,NewVanguard89:GreekandRomanArtillery;
JackCassin~Scott,Men~at~Arms69:TheGreekandPersianWars499-386BC;E.V.Cernenko,
Men~at~Arms13TTheSc;ythians;NicFields,Fortress40:AncientGreekFortifications500-300BC;
NicFields,NewVanguard132:AncientGreekWarship;WaldemarHeckel,EssentialHistories26:
TheWars ofAlexandertheGreat;WaldemarHeckel,Warrior102:MacedonianWarrior;NicholasSekunda,
EliteT TheAncientGreeks;NicholasSekunda,Elite42:ThePersianArmy560-330BC;NicholasSekunda,
Elite66:TheSpartanArmy;NicholasSekunda,Men~at~Arms148:TheArmyofAlexandertheGreat;
NicholasSekunda,Warrior2TGreekHoplite;PhilipdeSouza,EssentialHistories2TThePdoponnesian
War431-4°4BC;PhilipdeSouza,EssentialHistories36:TheGreekandPersianWars499-386BC;
MichaelThompson,Campaign182:Granicus;JohnWarry,CampaignT Alexander334-323 BC;
ChristopherWebber,Men~at~Arms360:TheThracians.
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Frontcover: akg~images/ErichLessing.Backcover:Topfoto.Backcoverflap:WernerFormanArchive/
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CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY 6
I GREECE AND PERSIA IN THE 5TH CENTURY 9
2 GREECE IN THE 5TH AND 4TH CENTURIES 19
3 PERSIA IN THE 5TH AND 4TH CENTURIES 33
4 THE RISE OF MACEDON 49
5 ALEXANDER'S ACCESSION 67
6 ALEXANDER'S ARMY 77
7 ALEXANDER ENTERS PERSIA 99
8 THE BATTLE OF THE RIVER GRANICUS III
9 THE BATTLE OF Issus 135
10 PHOENIC"IA AND EGYPT 151
II THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA 169
12 ALEXANDER TAKES PERSIA 185
13 THE INVASION OF INDIA 199
14 THE JOURNEY BACK 215
IS THE DEATH OF THE CONQUEROR 223
GLOSSARY 241
BIBLIOGRAPHY 245
INDEX 247
CHRONOLOGY
All dates are BC unless otherwise indicated
c.65 Early hoplite armies in Greece
0
560-550 The rise ofCyrus the Great
547 Cyrus defeats Croesus ofLydia
5I 3 Darius I's invasion ofEurope
499-493 The Ionian Revolt
490 Darius 1's invasion ofGreece; battle ofMarathon
480-479 Xerxes' invasion ofGreece; battles ofThermopylae, Salamis and
Plataea
478-43 The Delian League becomes anAthenian empire
I
449 Peace ofCallias
43I -4°4 The PeloponnesianWar
40I Battle ofCunaxa; March ofthe TenThousand
396-394 Agesilaus inAsia Minor
394-387/386 The CorinthianWar
387/386 The King's Peace
37I Battle ofLeuctra
368-365 Philip, son ofAmyntas, future king ofMacedon, resides in
Thebes as ahostage
Battle ofMantinea
King Perdiccas III ofMacedon killed in battle with Illyrians;
accession ofPhilip II
359-336 Reign ofPhilip II ofMacedon
358 Philip II fights the Illyrians
356 Birth ofAlexander the Great
352 Philip II's victory over the Phocians at the battle ofthe 'Crocus
Field'
Peace ofPhilocrates; Philip II becomes master ofnorthern Greece
Battle ofChaeronea; Philip II becomes undisputed militaryleader
ofGreece
6
337 Formation ofthe League ofCorinth
336 SpringExpeditionaryforce sent to Asia
Death ofPhilip II; accession ofAlexander III (the Great) to
the throne ofMacedon
335 Alexander campaigns in the north against the Thracians,
Triballians and Illyrians; destruction ofThebes
334 SpringAlexander's force crosses the Hellespont
MayBattle ofthe river Granicus; major coastal cities ofAsia
Minor fall to Alexander
Sieges ofMiletus and Halicarnassus
333 Alexander cuts the Gordian knot
September/OctoberBattle ofIssus
Capture ofPhoenician coastal cities; sieges ofTyre and Gaza
Alexander in Egypt; founding ofAlexandria at the mouth of
the Nile
September Battle ofGaugamela
Campaign against the Uxians
January Storming ofthe Persian Gates
Capture ofBabylon, Susa, Persepolis and Ecbatana
330 Death ofKing Darius III
Alexander moves into Afghanistan; execution ofPhilotas
and Parmenion
329-327 War in centralAsia between the Oxus and Iaxartes rivers
328 Death ofCleitus;Alexander's marriage to Roxane
327 Alexander begins the Indian campaign
326 Battle ofthe river Hydaspes
Macedonian army refuses to cross the river Hyphasis
Alexander at the mouth ofthe Indus river
March through the Gedrosian Desert
Alexander returns to Susa
June Death ofAlexander inBabylon
The age ofthe Successors and formation ofthe Hellenistic
kingdoms
30I Battle ofIpsus
7