Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648 PDF
Preview Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
Warfare, Society and Culture Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648 Steve Murdoch and Alexia Grosjean Number 9 ALEXANDER LESLIE AND THE SCOTTISH GENERALS OF THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR, 1618–1648 Warfare, Society and Culture Series Editors: Frank Tallett David J. B. Trim Titles in this Series 1 Military Economics, Culture and Logistics in the Burma Campaign, 1942–1945 Graham Dunlop 2 Orde Wingate and the British Army, 1922–1944 Simon Anglim 3 Th e Jacobite Campaigns: Th e British State at War Jonathan D. Oates 4 Arming the Royal Navy, 1793–1815: Th e Offi ce of Ordnance and the State Gareth Cole 5 Militant Protestantism and British Identity, 1603–1642 Jason White 6 Th e 1641 Depositions and the Irish Rebellion Eamon Darcy, Annaleigh Margey and Elaine Murphy (eds) 7 Citizen Soldiers and the British Empire, 1837–1902 Ian F. W. Beckett (ed.) 8 Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia Kaushik Roy Forthcoming Titles German Soldiers in Colonial India Chen Tzoref-Ashkenazi www.pickeringchatto.com/warfare ALEXANDER LESLIE AND THE SCOTTISH GENERALS OF THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR, 1618–1648 by Steve Murdoch and Alexia Grosjean PICKERING & CHATTO 2014 Published by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited 21 Bloomsbury Way, London WC1A 2TH 2252 Ridge Road, Brookfi eld, Vermont 05036-9704, USA www.pickeringchatto.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of the publisher. © Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Ltd 2014 © Steve Murdoch and Alexia Grosjean 2014 To the best of the Publisher’s knowledge every eff ort has been made to contact relevant copyright holders and to clear any relevant copyright issues. Any omissions that come to their attention will be remedied in future editions. british library cataloguing in publication data Murdoch, Steve, author. Alexander Leslie and the Scottish generals of the Th irty Years’ War, 1618–1648. – (Warfare, society and culture) 1. Leven, Alexander Leslie, Earl of, 1580?–1661 – Military leadership. 2. Th irty Years’ War, 1618–1648 – Infl uence. 3. Great Britain – History, Military – 17th century. 4. Generals – Scotland – History – 17th century. I. Title II. Series III. Grosjean, Alexia author. 940.2’4’092-dc23 ISBN-13: 9781848934672 e: 9781781440896 ∞ Th is publication is printed on acid-free paper that conforms to the American National Standard for the Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Typeset by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by CPI Books CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations ix Stylistic Conventions xi Introduction 1 1 Scotland’s Indigenous Military Cultures 11 2 Th e Scottish Military Diaspora 25 3 Th e Th irty Years’ War Campaigns: Stralsund to Prague, 1628–35 47 4 Alexander Leslie and the Army of the Weser, 1635–9 69 5 Th e Home Front: Leslie, Ruthven and the Bishops’ Wars, 1638–41 93 6 Th e Scottish ‘Veteran Generals’ in England, 1642–7 119 7 Going Full Circle: Th e New Scottish Command in Europe, 1639–48 145 Conclusion 169 Appendix 177 Notes 181 Works Cited 257 Index 279 A general is just as good or just as bad as the troops under his command make him Douglas MacArthur In Memoriam Charles Murdoch, H-Coy, sixth Gordon Highlanders, 1914–18 and Lucien Grosjean, Belgian Resistance (M.N.R. 1er Peloton), May–November 1944 Belgian Army. 4e Brigade D’Infanterie, 11e Bataillon, 1944–5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Th is book could not have been written without the support of a large number of individuals. We warmly thank all those close friends and family who provided accommodation and sustenance during our frequent research trips, including Colonel John Crafoord (Stockholm), Alison Duncan (Edinburgh), Anna Esb- jørn (Copenhagen), Ardis Grosjean (Stockholm), Stian Larsen (Oslo), Marcella and Matthias Mulder (Leiden) and Nina Østby Pedersen (Oslo). We have had many informative and inspiring discussions with colleagues in the course of writing this book. Some specifi c contributions have been acknowl- edged in the text, but we take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the following for their extremely helpful comments on various aspects of this book or the Th irty Years’ War in general. Professor Paul Dukes, Cynthia Fry, Anja Grothe, Dr Gunnar Lind, Claire McLoughlin, Björn Nordgren and Dr Guy Rowlands have all been very helpful in general discussion of the topic. Particular chapters were read by Dr Edward Furgol, Professor Allan Macinnes and Dr Barry Robertson, who have each saved us from numerous errors and given thought- provoking feedback. No acknowledgement would be complete without a special mention going to Dr Adam Marks and Dr Kathrin Zickermann, who have both proved valuable as research assistants for us. Th ey have read chapters and pro- vided additional sources which we would simply otherwise have missed. While we had excellent service from numerous archivists, we would also like to extend particular thanks to the following who have over the years gone ‘the extra mile’ to ensure the research process was a delight: Dr Helmut Backhaus (formerly of Riksarkivet, Stockholm), Siobhan Convery (Aberdeen University Special Col- lections), Ingrid Karlsson (Krigsarkivet, Stockholm), Sara Menys (York Minster Archives) and Dr Lars Ericson Wolke (formerly of Krigsarkivet, Stockholm). Dr Nadine Akkerman, Angus Fowler, Elisabeth Scott and Dr Bernd Warlich also found, translated and transcribed numerous relevant documents which they kindly shared and for which we are eternally grateful. Finally, without the exper- tise of Dr Peter Maxwell Stuart (St Andrews) in hours of transcription work of near illegible early modern Latin, we simply would not have fully accessed many of the sources we unearthed in the research process. – vii – viii Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Th irty Years’ War, 1618–1648 Doubtless, despite the best endeavours of the aforementioned colleagues, students and friends, the book will contain errors for which we accept sole responsibility. ABBREVIATIONS APCE Acts of the Privy Council of England BL British Library CSPD Calendar of State Papers, Domestic CSPF Calendar of State Papers, Foreign CSPI Calendar of State Papers, Ireland CSP Th e Scottish Series Calendar of State Papers, Th e Scottish Series CSP Spain Calendar of State Papers, Simancas (commonly abbre- viated to ‘Spain’) CSPS Calendar of State Papers, Scotland CSPV Calendar of State Papers, Venice DRA Danske Rigsarkivet (Danish National Archives) DRA TKUA Tyske Kancelli Udenrigske Afdelning HMC Historical Manuscripts Commission KCFB Kong Christian den Fjerdes egenhændige Breve KrA Krigsarkivet (Swedish Military Archives) NA National Archives (United Kingdom) NAS National Archives of Scotland NLS National Library of Scotland NRA Norske Riksarkivet (Norwegian National Archives) ODNB Oxford Dictionary of Biography [online edition; all accessed March 2013] RAOSB Rikskansleren Axel Oxenstiernas Skrift er och Brefvexling RSG Resolutïen Staten-Generaal RPCS Register of the Privy Council of Scotland RPS Records of the Parliaments of Scotland [online edition] SAÄ Den Introducerade Svenska Adelns Ättartavlor SBL Svenskt Biografi skt Lexikon SRA Svenska Riksarkivet (Swedish National Archives) SRP Svenska Riksrådets Protokoll ULMB Universitäts-, Landes- und Murrhardt’sche Bibliothek – ix –
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