Alcoholism Sourcebook, Third Edition

621 Pages·2011·7.23 MB·English

Health Reference Series
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________T___h___i__r___d___ _E____d___i__t_i__o___n____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________A____________l______c__________o__________h___________o__________l_______i______s_________m_________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________S_______O________U________R_______C________E________B________O________O________K__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________(cid:78)_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Basic Consumer Health Information about Alcohol
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___
__________U___s__e__,_ _A__b___u__s__e__,_ _a___n__d___ _A__d___d__i_c__t__i_o__n___,_ _I_n___c__l_u___d__i_n___g__ _F__a___c__t_s__ _a__b__o___u__t_ __t_h__e__ _________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________P___h__y__s__i_c__a__l__ _C__o__n___s_e__q___u__e__n___c_e__s__ _o__f__ _A__l_c__o__h__o___l_ _A__b__u___s__e__,_ _S__u__c__h__ _a___s__ _B__r__a__i__n__ ________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Changes and Problems with Cognitive Functioning,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________C___i_r__r__h__o__s__i_s__ _a__n___d__ _O___t_h___e__r__ _L__i_v__e__r__ _D___i_s__e__a__s__e__s__,_ _C__a___r__d__i_o___v__a__s__c__u__l_a___r_ ___________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________D___i_s__e__a___s_e__,__ _P__a__n___c__r__e__a__t_i__t_i__s_,_ _a___n__d___ _A__l__c_o___h__o__l_i__c__ _N___e__u__r__o__p__a___t_h___y_,__ _ ___________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________a__n___d__ _t__h__e__ _E__f_f_e___c_t__s_ _o__f__ _A__l_c__o__h__o___l_ _o__n__ __R__e__p__r__o__d___u__c__t_i__v__e__ _H___e__a__l_t_h___ _ _ _ __________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
and Fetal Development, Mental Health Problems
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________A__s__s__o__c__i_a___t_e__d___ _w___i_t__h__ _A__l__c_o___h__o__l_ __A__b__u___s_e__,__ _a__n___d__ _A___l_c__o__h__o___l_’_s__________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________I__m___p__a___c__t_ _o__n___ _F__a__m____i_l_i__e__s__,_ _W___o__r__k__p__l__a__c__e__s__,_ _a___n__d___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the Community
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________A___l_o__n___g__ _w___i_t__h__ _I__n__f_o__r__m____a__t__i_o__n___ _a__b___o__u__t__ _U__n___d__e___r_a___g__e__ _D___r__i_n___k__i__n__g__,_ ___________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________A__l__c__o__h__o__l__ _T__r_e___a__t_m____e__n__t__ _a__n___d__ _R___e__c__o__v__e__r__y__,_ _a___ _G___l_o__s__s_a___r__y__ _o__f__ ______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________R___e__l_a___t_e__d___ _T_e___r_m____s__,_ _a__n___d__ _D___i__r__e__c_t__o__r__i_e__s__ _o__f__ _R__e__s__o__u___r__c__e__s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
for More Information
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________E___d__i__t_e__d__ __b__y__ _________________________________________________
Joyce Brennfleck Shannon
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________(cid:78)______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________A_________l____c_______o_________h________o________l_____i_____s______m___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________S______O_______U______R_______C______E______B______O_______O______K__________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________T__h__i__r__d__ _E__d___i_t__i_o__n_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________(cid:78)______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________H____e___a___l__t__h____ _R____e___f__e___r___e___n____c__e____ _S____e___r__i__e___s_____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________T__h__i_r__d___ _E__d___i_t_i__o__n_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________A_________l____c_______o________h_________o________l_____i_____s______m___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________S______O______U_______R______C______E______B_______O______O_______K__________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________(cid:78)______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Basic Consumer Health Information about Alcohol Use,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________A__b__u__s_e_,_ _a__n__d__ A__d__d__i_c__t_i_o_n__,_ _I_n__c_l_u__d__i_n__g_ _F__a_c__t_s_ _a__b__o_u__t_ _t_h__e_ _P__h__y_s__i_c_a__l_ ___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________C__o_n__s_e__q__u__e_n__c_e__s_ _o__f_ A__l_c__o_h__o__l_ _A_b__u__s_e__, _S__u__c_h__ _a_s__ _B_r__a__i_n_ _C__h__a__n__g_e__s_ _a__n_d__ __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________P_r__o_b__l_e_m___s_ _w___i_t_h__ C__o__g__n_i_t_i__v_e__ F__u__n__c_t_i_o__n__i_n__g_,_ _C__i_r_r_h__o__s_i_s_ _a__n__d__ _O__t_h__e_r__ __________________________
______________________________L__i_v__e_r_ _D___i_s_e_a__s_e__s_,_ _C__a__r_d__i_o__v_a__s_c__u__l_a__r_ _D__i_s__e_a__s_e__, _P__a__n__c_r_e__a__t_i_t_i_s_,_ _a__n__d__ __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________A__l_c_o__h_o__l_i_c_ _N__e_u__r_o__p__a__t_h_y__, _a__n__d__ t_h__e_ _E__f_f_e_c_t_s__ o__f_ _A_l_c__o_h__o__l_ o__n__ _R_e__p_r__o_d__u__c_-___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________t_i_v__e_ _H__e_a__l_t_h__ _a__n_d__ _F__e_t_a__l_ _D__e_v__e_l_o__p_m___e__n_t_,_ _M___e_n__t_a__l_ H___e_a__l_t_h__ P__r_o__b__l_e_m___s_ __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Associated with Alcohol Abuse, and Alcohol’s Impact on
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________F_a__m___i_l_i_e_s_,_ _W__o__r_k__p__l_a__c_e_s__,_ a__n__d__ _t_h__e_ _C__o__m__m___u__n__i_t_y_______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________A__l_o__n__g_ _w__i_t__h_ _I_n__f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o__n__ _a_b__o__u__t_ _U__n__d__e_r__a__g_e__ D___r_i_n__k__i_n__g_,_ _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________A__l_c_o__h__o__l _T__r_e__a_t__m__e__n__t_ _a__n_d__ _R__e__c_o__v_e__r_y__,_ a__ _G__l_o__s_s__a__r_y__ o__f_ __________________________________
______________________________________R_e__l_a__t_e_d__ _T__e_r_m___s_,_ _a__n__d__ _D__i_r_e__c_t_o__r_i__e_s_ _o__f_ _R__e_s_o__u__r_c__e_s__ f_o__r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________M___o__r_e_ _I_n__f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o__n________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(cid:78)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________E_d__i_t_e__d__ b__y______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________J_o__y__c_e__ _B__r_e__n__n__fl__e__c__k__ S__h__a__n__n__o__n_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________P_._O__. _B_o__x_ _3_1_-_1_6_4__0_, _D__e_t_r_o_i_t_, _M___I_ 4__8_2_3_1_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________(_c_)_ _2_0__1_1_ _O__m__n__ig__r_a_p_h__ic__s_,_ I_n_c__. _A__ll_ _R_i_g_h__t_s_ R__e__s_e_r_v__e_d_.__________________________________________
Bibliographic Note
Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic
Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice.
Edited by Joyce Brennfleck Shannon
Health Reference Series
Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor
David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant
Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator
Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant
EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers
* * *
Omnigraphics, Inc.
Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President
Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager
* * *
Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher
Copyright © 2010 Omnigraphics, Inc.
ISBN 978-0-7808-1141-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Alcoholism sourcebook : basic consumer health information about alcohol use, abuse, and addiction,
including facts about the physical consequences of alcohol abuse, such as brain changes and
problems with cognitive functioning, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, cardiovascular disease,
pancreatitis, and alcoholic neuropathy, and the effects of alcohol on reproductive health and fetal
development, mental health problems associated with alcohol abuse, and alcohol's impact on
families, workplaces, and the community; along with information about underage drinking, alcohol
treatment and recovery, a glossary of related terms, and directories of resources for more information
(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:82)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:17)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:80)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:43)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:12)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:17)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)
(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)
(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:5)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:17)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:54)(cid:37)(cid:49)(cid:3)(cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:19)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:80)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:51)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)
(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:82)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:17)(cid:3)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:38)(cid:24)(cid:25)(cid:24)(cid:17)(cid:36)(cid:23)(cid:23)(cid:28)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:19)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:21)(cid:28)(cid:21)(cid:10)(cid:27)(cid:25)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:71)(cid:70)(cid:21)(cid:21)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:23)(cid:22)
Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor-
mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without
permission in writing from the publisher.
The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other
sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability,
the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data,
and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained
herein.
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity
symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard.
Printed in the United States
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Table of Contents
Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the
Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the
volumes in which they are covered.
Preface............................................................................................xv
Part I: Understanding Alcohol Use, Abuse, and
Dependence
Chapter 1—When Can Alcohol Be Used Safely? ..........................3
Section 1.1—Drinking Alcohol:
Low Risk Versus
High Risk..........................................4
Section 1.2—Alcohol Dietary Guidelines
for Americans....................................9
Section 1.3—Prevalence of Alcohol Use
in the United States.......................12
Chapter 2—Ethnicity, Culture, and Alcohol................................17
Chapter 3—Binge Drinking..........................................................23
Chapter 4—Facts about Alcoholism.............................................27
Section 4.1—What Does Alcoholism
Look Like?.......................................28
Section 4.2—Questions and Answers
about Alcoholism............................30
Section 4.3—Researchers Identify
Alcoholism Subtypes......................33
v
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 5—Alcohol-Related Problems: Are You at Risk? ..........37
Section 5.1—Risk Factors for
Alcohol-Related Problems
across the Lifespan.........................38
Section 5.2—Alcohol and Women’s
Health Issues..................................42
Section 5.3—Men’s Health Risks from
Excessive Alcohol Use ...................49
Section 5.4—Alcohol Use in Older People...........53
Section 5.5—Stress and the Abuse
of Alcohol and Other
Substances......................................55
Chapter 6—Understanding the Development
of an Addiction..........................................................59
Section 6.1—How Do Addictions Develop?..........60
Section 6.2—The Science Behind Addiction........63
Section 6.3—Frequently Asked Questions
about Addiction...............................66
Chapter 7—The Genetics of Alcoholism......................................69
Section 7.1—Genes and Addiction.......................70
Section 7.2—Is There a Genetic Link
between Alcoholism and
Other Drug Use Disorders?............72
Section 7.3—Alcohol Metabolism
Is Controlled by
Genetic Factors...............................77
Part II: The Problem of Underage Drinking
Chapter 8—Underage Drinking in America:
Scope of the Problem................................................85
Chapter 9—Current Drinking Patterns among
Underage Drinkers...................................................93
Section 9.1—Quantity and Frequency of
Alcohol Use among Underage
Drinkers..........................................94
Section 9.2—Where Do Youth Obtain
and Consume Alcohol?....................95
vi
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 10—Does Advertising Play a Role in Underage
Drinking?................................................................99
Section 10.1—Advertising Regulations
for Alcoholic Beverages ...........100
Section 10.2—Youth Exposure to Alcohol
Advertising...............................102
Section 10.3—How to Identify, Analyze,
and Evaluate Media
Messages...................................104
Chapter 11—How Alcohol Affects Development.......................107
Section 11.1—Developmental Perspective
on Underage Alcohol Use.........108
Section 11.2—Alcohol Use and Adolescent
Development.............................111
Chapter 12—Factors That Place Teens at Risk for
Alcohol-Related Problems....................................115
Section 12.1—Adolescents at Risk
for Substance Use
Disorders...................................116
Section 12.2—Paternal Alcohol Use
Increases Substance
Use among Adolescents............120
Section 12.3—Alcohol, Energy Drinks,
and Youth: A Dangerous
Mix............................................122
Chapter 13—Alcohol Use on College Campuses.......................129
Section 13.1—Drinking on Campus:
Scope of the Problem................130
Section 13.2—Campus Safety Issue:
Violence and Alcohol
Use ...........................................133
Section 13.3—Sexual Violence and Alcohol
Use on Campus.........................135
Section 13.4—Academic Performance
and Alcohol Use........................138
Section 13.5—What Policy-Makers Need
to Know about College
Drinking....................................139
vii
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 14—Family Guide to Underage Drinking
Prevention.............................................................141
Section 14.1—Parental Involvement
in Alcohol Use Prevention........142
Section 14.2—Talk to Your Child about
Alcohol......................................144
Section 14.3—Family-Based Prevention
among Teens with Genetic
Risk Factors for Substance
Abuse........................................148
Chapter 15—Efforts to Prevent and Reduce Alcohol
Problems in Adolescents.......................................151
Section 15.1—School Interventions to
Prevent Alcohol Abuse.............152
Section 15.2—Comprehensive Principles
for Interventions Aimed at
Underage Alcohol Use..............154
Section 15.3—Alcohol Use Prevention
and Intervention in
Underage Populations..............156
Section 15.4—Adolescent Exposure to
Substance Use Prevention
Messages ..................................158
Chapter 16—Community-Based Alcohol Abuse
Prevention.............................................................163
Section 16.1—Strategies for Local
Alcohol-Related Policies
and Practices............................164
Section 16.2—Town Hall Meetings
Mobilize Communities
to Prevent and Reduce
Underage Alcohol Use..............166
Section 16.3—Communities That Care
(CTC): An Evidence-Based
Substance-Use Prevention
System......................................168
Chapter 17—The Minimum Legal Drinking Age
(MLDA) Law.........................................................171
viii
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Part III: The Physical Effects and Consequences of
Alcohol Abuse
Chapter 18—Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC).....................177
Section 18.1—BAC and Alcohol
Impairment...............................178
Section 18.2—Alcohol Poisoning.....................183
Chapter 19—Alcohol Hangover..................................................185
Chapter 20—Alcohol Changes the Brain...................................191
Section 20.1—Alcohol Tolerance and
Withdrawal...............................192
Section 20.2—Drinking and Cognitive
Function....................................194
Section 20.3—Adolescent Brain Is
Vulnerable to Alcohol
Exposure...................................197
Section 20.4—Wernicke-Korsakoff
Syndrome (Alcoholic
Encephalopathy).......................199
Chapter 21—Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease.............................203
Section 21.1—Overview and Progression
of Liver Disease........................204
Section 21.2—Cirrhosis...................................209
Section 21.3—Fatty Liver................................213
Section 21.4—Alcohol and Hepatitis C...........216
Section 21.5—Nutrition Therapy in
Alcoholic Liver Disease............218
Chapter 22—Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease ...................221
Section 22.1—Alcohol, Wine, and
Cardiovascular Disease............222
Section 22.2—Blood Pressure and
Alcohol......................................226
Section 22.3—Cardiomyopathy ......................227
Chapter 23—Alcoholic Neuropathy...........................................231
Chapter 24—Alcoholic Lung Disease.........................................237
ix
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 25—Alcohol Abuse Affects Bone Health......................241
Section 25.1—The Link between Alcohol
and Osteoporosis......................242
Section 25.2—Excessive Alcohol Intake Is a
Risk Factor for Osteonecrosis....245
Chapter 26—Other Organs at Risk from Alcohol Abuse..........249
Section 26.1—Alcohol and the Gastro-
intestinal Tract.........................250
Section 26.2—Alcoholism: A Common
Cause of Pancreatitis...............255
Section 26.3—Alcohol and Kidney Function....258
Chapter 27—How Alcohol Interacts with Other
Diseases and Disorders........................................265
Section 27.1—Influence of Alcohol and Gen-
der on Immune Response.........266
Section 27.2—Alcohol Use Increases Like-
lihood of Acquiring Sexually
Transmitted Diseases (STDs)...269
Section 27.3—Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) and Alcohol Use...271
Section 27.4—Alcohol Increases Cancer
Risks..........................................273
Section 27.5—Alcohol and Hypoglycemia
in Diabetics...............................276
Section 27.6—Alcohol and Sleep
Difficulties ...............................279
Chapter 28—Use with Caution: Alcohol and Medications........281
Section 28.1—Harmful Interactions: Mixing
Alcohol with Medicines............282
Section 28.2—Alcohol Abuse Makes Prescrip-
tion Drug Abuse More Likely....284
Part IV: The Effects of Alcohol on Reproductive and
Fetal Health
Chapter 29—Alcohol and the Reproductive System.................289
Chapter 30—Alcohol Use among Pregnant Women and
Recent Mothers.....................................................295
x
(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.