Alcohol, Cocaine, and Accidents PDF
Preview Alcohol, Cocaine, and Accidents
Alcohol, Cocaine, and Accidents 8 • Substance Abuse During Pregnancy and Childhood, 1995 7· Alcohol, Cocaine, and Accidents, 1995 6 • Alcohol and Hormones, 1995 5 • Addictive Behaviors in Women, 1994 4• Drug Abuse Treatment, 1992 3 • Alcohol Abuse Treatment, 1992 2 • Liver Pathology and Alcohol, 1991 1 • Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention, 1990 Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews • 7 Alcohol, Cocaine, and Accidents Edited by Ronald R. Watson University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Copyright © 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Humana Press Inc in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1995 AII rights in any form whatsoever reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise) without written permission from the publisher. AII authored papers, comments, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. ® ANSI Z39.48-1984 (American National Standards Institute) Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Photocopy Authorization Policy: Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., provided that the base fee of US $4.00 per copy, plus US $00.20 per page, is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Alcohol, cocaine, and accidents/edited by Ronald R. Watson. p. cm.-(Drug and alcohol abuse reviews; 7) Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4612-6673-0 ISBN 978-1-4612-0233-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-0233-2 1. Drinking and traffic accidents. 2. Automobile drivers-Drug abuse. 3. Cocaine habit. 4. Alcoholism-Prevention. 5. Cocaine habit-Prevention. 1. Watson, Ronald R. (Ronald Ross) II. Series. HE5620.DA6255 1995 363.12'S1-dc20 94-45440 CIP Contents vii Preface ix Contributors 1 Identification of Aging Adults with Alcohol Problems RichardH. Blake and Wayne Harrison 25 Youth, Alcohol, and Automobiles: Attitudes andBehaviors Mary-Ellen Fortini 41 Alcohol and Aviation Safety LeonardE. Ross andSusan M. Ross 57 Prevention Strategies for Reducing Alcohol Problems Including Alcohol-Related Trauma Robert F. Saltz, Harold D. Holder, Joel W. Grube, Paul J. Gruenewald, andRobert B. Voas 85 Alcohol as a Risk Factorfor Drowning and Other Aquatic Injuries Jonathan Howland, Thomas Mangione, Ralph Hingson, Gordon Smith, andNicole Bell 105 The Role of Treatment in Reducing Alcohol-Related Accidents Involving OWl Offenders William F. Wieczorek 131 Review of the Effects of the Alcohol Warning Label DavidP. MacKinnon 163 Cocaine and Injuries Kenneth TardiffandPeterMarzuk v 175 Community Approaches to Prevention of Alcohol-Related Accidents HaroldD.Holder, Joel ~ Grube, PaulJ. Gruenewald, RobertF.Saltz,AndrewJ. freno, andRobertB. Voas 195 Alcohol-Related Injuries Among Women Mary-Ellen FortiniandCarol Lederhaus Popkin 213 Index Preface Alcohol is involvedin more than 100,000prematuredeaths in the United States each year, with a significant number of such deaths involving accidents of various types. Drinking clearly increases the risk ofinjury anddeath, depending on the activity or situation. Thus, strategies designed to preventorreduce the risk of alcohol-related traumas are best directed at drinking patterns or settings that involve significant risk. Young people's attitudes and behaviors toward drinking and driving have been demonstrated to have significanteffects on risk ofinjury or accident. Similarly, aquatic injuries are highly associ ated with the use of alcohol. Aviation safety, especially of non commercial planes, already requires the absence ofalcohol use. An understanding ofhow alcohol increases the risk ofinjury is the key to preventing or reducing risky behavior. Intervention programs designed to prevent alcohol-related accidents include community prevention, as well as treatment to reduce alcohol's modification of physiological function and the attendant trauma. Thus, by understanding the nature of alcohol's involvement in risky behaviors and accidents, strategies to reduce them can more readily be developed. Cocaine, which recently has been implicated in an increasing number of injuries, is also reviewed. This is important because the use in our society of a variety of drugs of abuse that alter the central nervous system is currently increasing. Alcohol, Cocaine, and Accidents is the first book to bring together key critical reviews of the effects ofalcohol and cocaine on accident causation, and offers what we believe are effective strategies and programs designed to bring risky consumption under optimal control. RonaldR. Watson vii Contributors Nicole Bell· SocialandBehavioralSciences Department, Boston UniversitySchoolofPublic Health, Boston, MA Richard H. Blake • Counseling Department, University of Nebraska atOmaha, Omaha, NE Mary-Ellen Fortini • Occupational Health Services Corporation, Larkspur, CA Joel W. Grube· Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA Paul J. Gruenewald· Prevention ResearchGenter, Berkeley, CA Wayne Harrison. CounselingDepartment, University ofNebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE Ralph Hingson· SocialandBehavioral Sciences Department, Boston University SchoolofPublic Health, Boston, MA Harold D. Holder• Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA Jonathan Howland • SocialandBehavioral Sciences Department, Boston UniversitySchoolofPublic Health, Boston, MA David P. MacKinnon· DepartmentofPsychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ Thomas Mangione• SocialandBehavioralSciences Department, Boston UniversitySchoolofPublic Health, Boston, MA Peter Marzuk • DepartmentofPsychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York Carol Lederhaus Popkin • Occupational Health Services Corporation, Larkspur, CA Leonard E. Ross· CenterforAviation andAerospace Research, Embry-Riddle AeronauticalUniversity, Daytona Beach, FL ix x Contributors Susan M. Ross • Centerfor Aviation andAerospace Research, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL Robert F. Saltz· Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA Gordon Smith • SocialandBehavioral Sciences Department, Boston UniversitySchoolofPublic Health, Boston, MA Kenneth Tardiff· DepartmentofPsychiatry, Section on EpidemiologyandCommunityPsychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York Andrew J. Treno • Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA Robert B. Voas • Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA William F. Wieczorek· Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, NY Identification of Aging Adults with Alcohol Problems Richard H. Blake and Wayne Harrison Introduction Even without the potential impact ofalcohol use, aging is associated with numerous changes that put the elderly at increased risk for accidents. Changes in vision, hearing, coordination, strength, and flexibility are only a few examples. Many health conditions, such as diabetes and heart dis ease,andthecomparatively heavy useofmedications, areallfactors plac 1.2 ing theelderly in specialjeopardy from alcohol use. Intoxicationoralcohol-inducedeffectssuchas drowsinesscan leadto mistakes in taking medications. Alcohol alters the effectiveness of many medicationscommonlytakenbyolderpersons,and may leadtotoxiceffects. Physicians unaware oftheir patients' alcohol use can misdiagnose condi tions thatare masked by alcohol. Patientscan be, andare, prescribed medi cationswithouttheirphysicianshavingsufficientknowledgeoftheiralcohol use to safely prescribe the medication.3 Not only are the elderly at heightened risk for a wide variety ofacci dents, they are susceptible to increasingly severe consequences from acci dents. A fall that may result in embarrassment or a bruise in a younger person may lead to broken bones, surgery, extended rehabilitation, and a rangeofmedical complicationsand permanentlydiminished function in an olderperson. From: DrugandAlcoholAbuseReviews, Vol. 7:Alcohol, Cocaine, andAccidents Ed.: R. R. Watson ©1995 HumanaPress Inc.,Totowa, NJ 1
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