Alcohol and other drug use and life satisfaction among intramural sport participants

144 Pages·2000·2.9 MB·English

by  Lindsey, Robert R.

ALCOHOLANDOTHERDRUGUSEAND
LIFESATISFACTIONAMONG
INTRAMURALSPORTPARTICIPANTS
By
ROBERTR.LINDSEY
ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL
OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT
OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF
DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA
2000
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IwishtoexpressmydearestthankstoDr.W.WilliamChen,chairmanofmy
dissertationcommittee.Hisguidanceduringthepastthreeyears,especiallyduringthe
dissertationprocess,hasbeenvaluable.IwouldalsoliketoextendmyappreciationtoDr.
JillVarnes,Dr.MilledgeMurphey,andDr.DavidMillerforservingasmembersofmy
doctoralcommittee.Withouttheguidanceandassistanceofmycommittee.Iwouldhave
neverbeenabletocompletethisdissertation.IwouldalsoliketothankDr.Steve
Dorman,Dr.DeloresJames,DrSadieSanders,andDrSigFagerbergfortheirconstant
encouragementandsupport.
IwishtothankmymotherCarolynLindseyforherlifelongsupport Iwouldalso
liketothankmyfamilyAuntAudreyEl-Amin,UncleRobertTemple,AuntJoyRumore,
AuntLucilleSmalls,GrandmotherLindsey,andallofmycousins,teachers,andfriends
fortheircontinuouslovethroughoutmyeducationalandprofessionalcareer.This
dissertationisinmemoryofmygrandmotherAltheaRussellTemple,whoselove,support,
andmemorywillneverbeforgotten.
IwouldliketothankthegraduateteachingassistantsintheDepartmentofHealth
ScienceEducationandDr.Fagerbergforallowingmetousetheirstudentsformystudy.I
wouldalsoliketothanktheMcKnightFoundationforawardingtheMcKnightFellowship
whichprovidedmethefinancialsupportwhilecompletingthePh.Ddegree.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii
LISTOFTABLES v
ABSTRACT vii
CHAPTERS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
ProblemStatement 7
PurposeoftheStudy 10
SignificanceoftheStudy 10
DelimitationsoftheStudy 11
LimitationsoftheStudy 11
Assumptions 12
Hypotheses 12
DefinitionofTerms 13
2 LITERATUREREVIEW 16
AlcoholandOtherDrugUsageamongCollegeStudents 17
ConsequencesofAlcoholandOtherDrugUse 24
ReasonsforUsingAlcoholandotherDrugsamong
CollegeStudents 26
AlcoholandOtherDrugUsetoCopewithPressure 28
IntramuralandRecreationSportsasAlternativesforAlcohol
andOtherDrugUse 29
ParticipationandMotivationFactorsin
Intramural/RecreationalSports 31
RecreationSportsasaCopingMechanismforStressandAlcoholUse 35
AStptoirttudPearstTicoiwpaatridonaandndRHeeaaslotnhsyfBorehAalvcioohrolamUosnegaCmoolnlgegAethSlteutdeesnts... 3460
LifeSatisfaction 42
StudentSatisfactionandPerceptionsinRecreationalSports 45
LifeSatisfactionandAlcoholandOtherDrugUse 47
Summary 50
iii
3 METHODOLOGY 52
Subjects 52
Instruments 53
DataAnalysis 54
PilotTest 57
4 RESULTSANDDISCUSSION 58
SampleDemographics 58
Discussion 85
AlcoholUsebetweenIntramuralandNon-IntramuralSport
Participants 85
OtherDrugUsebetweenIntramuralandNon-Intramural
SportParticipants 87
ReasonsforAlcoholandOtherDrugUsebetweenIntramural
AndNon-IntramuralSportParticipants 90
LifeSatisfactionbetweenIntramuralandNon-Intramural
SportParticipants 91
RelationshipbetweenAlcoholandOtherDrugUseamong
IntramuralSportParticipants 92
5 ASUNMDMRAERCYO,MFMIENNDDINAGTSI,OCNOSNCLUSIONS,IMPLICATIONS 97
Summary 97
Findings 100
Conclusions 103
IRmepcloimcmateinodnastions 110054
REFERENCES 107
APPENDICES
A. SURVEYINSTRUMENT 117
B. UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAIRBAPPROVAL 124
C. LETTERTOTEACHERS 126
D. SURVEYLETTERTOSTUDENTS 128
EF.. ITNHFAONRKMYEODUCOLENTSTEENRTTSOCRTIEPATCHERS 113302
BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 133
8351 .
LISTOFTABLES
Table page
1 IntramuralandNon-IntramuralSportParticipationbyClassification 59
2 IntramuralandNon-IntramuralSportParticipationbyAge 60
3 IntramuralandNon-IntramuralSportParticipationbyEthnicity 61
4 IntramuralandNon-IntramuralSportParticipationbyGender 62
5 IntramuralandNon-IntramuralSportParticipationbyResidence.... 63
6 IntramuralandNon-IntramuralSportParticipationbyGPA 64
7 IntramuralandNon-IntramuralSportParticipationbyFraternity/Sorority 65
8 IntramuralLevelofParticipationbyHours 66
9 BingeDrinking 67
10 AverageNumberofDrinks 68
1 HowoftenhaveyouusedAlcohol 69
12 HowoftenhaveyouusedCigarettes 70
1 HowoftenhaveyouusedMarijuana 71
14 HowoftenhaveyouusedInhalants 72
1 HowoftenhaveyouusedCocaine 73
16 Icnotnrsaemquureanlcsepsortparticipationfrequencyofalcoholordrug-related.. 74
17 Non-Intramuralsportparticipationfrequencyofalcoholordrug-related
consequences 75
1 Reasonsforusingalcoholorotherdrugs 76
v
Table page
19 LifeSatisfactionbetweenIntramuralandNon-Intramural
SportParticipants 77
20 RelationshipbetweenBingeDrinkingandLifeSatisfactionamong
IntramuralSportParticipants 78
21 RelationshipbetweenAverageNumberofDrinksandLifeSatisfaction
amongIntramuralSportParticipants 79
22 RelationshipbetweenAlcoholUseandLifeSatisfactionamong
IntramuralSportParticipants 80
23 RelationshipbetweenCigaretteUseandLifeSatisfactionamong
IntramuralSportParticipants 81
24 RelationshipbetweenMarijuanaUseandLifeSatisfactionamong
IntramuralSportParticipants 82
25 RelationshipbetweenCocaineUseandLifeSatisfactionamong
IntramuralSportParticipants 83
26 RelationshipbetweenInhalantUseandLifeSatisfactionamong
IntramuralSportParticipants 84
AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchool
oftheUniversityofFloridainPartialFulfillmentofthe
RequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy
ALCOHOLANDOTHERDRUGUSEAND
LIFESATISFACTIONAMONG
INTRAMURALSPORTPARTICIPANTS
By
RobertR.Lindsey
August2000
Chairman: WeiWilliamChen
MajorDepartment: HealthandHumanPerformance
Alcoholandotherdruguseisamajorproblemontoday'scollegecampuses.
Almostallcollegestudentshaveusedalcoholorotherdrugsatsometime.Reasonsfor
alcoholandotherdruguseincludetohavefun,torelieveacademicstress,torelieveother
typesofstress,toeasesocialinteractionsandtofitinwithfriends.Giventhestressors
thatcollegestudentshavetodealwith,recreationalactivitymaybeameansofdecreasing
alcoholuseamongcollegestudents.Participationinrecreational/intramuralsportsmay
leadtoadecreaseinalcoholandotherdruguseaswellascontributetoagreaterlife
satisfactionamongcollegestudents,andespeciallyintramuralsportparticipants.
Researchhasshownconflictingresultsconcerningtherelationshipbetweensport
participationandalcoholandotherdruguse.Therefore,thepurposeofthisstudywasto
1)comparethefrequency,quantity,andreasonsforalcoholandotherdrugusebetween
intramuralandnon-intramuralsportparticipants,2)comparetheperceptionsofreported
lifesatisfactionbetweenintramuralandnon-intramuralsportparticipants,and3)examine
therelationshipbetweenalcoholandotherdrugusageandperceptionsoflifesatisfaction
amongintramuralsportparticipants.
Thesubjectswere719studentsfrompersonalandfamilyhealthandmedical
terminologycoursesfromalargesoutheasternuniversity.Alcoholandotherdrugusewas
measuredwiththeCOREAlcoholandDrugSurvey.LifeSatisfactionwasmeasuredwith
theSatisfactionwithLifeScale.
Chi-squareanalysis,t-tests,andanalysisofvariancewereusedtotestfor
significantdifferencesfortheresearchhypotheses.Thefindingsfromthestudyinclude1)
intramuralsportparticipantsreportedmorebingedrinkingepisodesandahigherweekly
consumptionofalcoholwhencomparedtonon-intramuralsportparticipants,2)therewere
nosignificantdifferencesofcurrentalcoholusersbetweenintramuralandnon-intramural
sportparticipants,3)therewerenosignificantdifferencesintheusageofcigarettes,
marijuana,cocaine,andinhalantsbetweenintramuralandnon-intramuralsport
participants,4)therewerenosignificantdifferencesinthereasonsforalcoholandother
drugusagebetweenintramuralandnon-intramuralsportparticipants,5)intramuralsport
participantsreportedasignificantlyhigherlifesatisfactioncomparedtonon-intramural
sportparticipants,and6)therewasnoconsistentrelationshipbetweenthepatternof
alcoholandotherusageandlifesatisfactionamongintramuralsportparticipants.
Theresearcherconcludedthatintramuralsportparticipationinfluencedbinge
drinkingandweeklyconsumptionofalcohol.Ontheotherhand,intramuralsport
participationdidnotsignificantlyinfluenceotherdruguse.Inaddition,intramuralsport
participationalsoinfluencedtheperceptionoflifesatisfaction.Morestudiesareneededto
examinetherelationshipofalcoholandotherdruguseandlifesatisfactionamong
intramuralsportparticipants.
INCTHRAOPDTUECRTI1ON
Morethan12millionstudentsarecurrentlyenrolledinthenation's3,600colleges
anduniversities.Ofthesestudents,approximately7.1millionareaged18-24years,
comprising57%ofthecollegepopulation.Ofallpersonsaged18-24yearsintheUnited
States,onefourtharecurrentlyeitherfull-orpart-timecollegestudents.Therefore,
collegesanduniversitiesareimportantsettingsforreducingimportanthealth-risk
behaviorsamongmanyyoungadults(Douglasetal.,1997).
Theuseandabuseofalcoholanddrugsoncampusisanenduringproblem.
Experimentationwiththesesubstanceshasbeengenerallyregardedasariteofpassage
(Wechsler&Isaac,1992;Bower&Martin,1999).Althoughtheuseofillicitdrugssuch
asmarijuana,LSD,andheroincontinuesoncollegecampuses,theCommissionon
SubstanceAbuseatCollegesandUniversitiesfoundthatalcoholabuseisthemosturgent
andmostcomplicatedsubstanceabuseproblemincolleges(Bower&Martin.,1999).
Recentreportsindicatethatthepercentageofcollegestudentswhousealcoholis2.5
timesthepercentageofthosewhosmokeoruseillegaldrugs(Wechsler,1996).
Almostallcollegestudents(84-93%)reportedhavingconsumedalcoholatsome
time(Wechsler,1996).Althoughthispercentagehasremainednearlythesameformany
years,thenumberofstudentswhoreportbingedrinking(i.e.,consumingfiveormore
drinksinonesitting)hasshownamarkedincrease.Eigen(1991)foundthat42%ofall
collegestudentsreportedengaginginbingedrinkinginthe2weekspreceding