Alaska migratory bird subsistence harvest estimates, 2004–2007, Alaska Migratory Bird Co ...

216 Pages·2010·4.02 MB·English

by  Liliana C. Naves

Technical Paper No. 349
Alaska Migratory Bird Subsistence
Harvest Estimates, 2004–2007,
Alaska Migratory Bird Co-Management Council
Liliana C. Naves
Revised Edition, March 2010
Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska Migratory Bird
Division of Subsistence Co-Management Council
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Symbols and Abbreviations
The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International
d’Unités (SI), are used without definition in the following reports by the Division of
Subsistence. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text
at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions.
Weights and measures (metric) General Measures (fisheries)
centimeter cm Alaska Department of fork length FL
deciliter dL Fish and Game ADF&G mideye-to-fork MEF
gram g Alaska Administrative Code AAC mideye-to-tail-fork METF
hectare ha all commonly accepted abbreviations standard length SL
kilogram kg e.g., Mr., Mrs., AM, PM, etc. total length TL
kilometer km all commonly accepted professional
liter L titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., R.N., etc. Mathematics, statistics
meter m at @ all standard mathematical signs,
milliliter mL compass directions: symbols and abbreviations
millimeter mm east E alternate hypothesis HA
north N base of natural logarithm e
Weights and measures (English) south S catch per unit effort CPUE
cubic feet per second ft3/s west W coefficient of variation CV
foot ft copyright © common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc.)
gallon gal corporate suffixes: confidence interval CI
inch in Company Co. correlation coefficient (multiple) R
mile mi Corporation Corp. correlation coefficient (simple) r
nautical mile nmi Incorporated Inc. covariance cov
ounce oz Limited Ltd. degree (angular ) °
pound lb District of Columbia D.C. degrees of freedom df
quart qt et alii (and others) et al. expected value E
yard yd et cetera (and so forth) etc. greater than >
exempli gratia (for example) e.g. greater than or equal to ≥
Time and temperature Federal Information Code FIC harvest per unit effort HPUE
day d id est (that is) i.e. less than <
degrees Celsius °C latitude or longitude lat. or long. less than or equal to ≤
degrees Fahrenheit °F monetary symbols (U.S.) $, ¢ logarithm (natural) ln
degrees kelvin K months (tables and figures): logarithm (base 10) log
hour h first three letters Jan, ... ,Dec logarithm (specify base) log2, etc.
minute min registered trademark ® minute (angular) ‘
second s trademark ™ not significant NS
United States (adjective) U.S. null hypothesis HO
Physics and chemistry United States of America percent %
all atomic symbols (noun) USA probability P
alternating current AC United States Code U.S.C. probability of a type I error
ampere A U.S. state (rejection of the null
calorie cal use two-letter abbreviations hypothesis when true) α
direct current DC e.g., AK, WA probability of a type II error
hertz Hz (acceptance of the null
horsepower hp hypothesis when false) β
hydrogen ion activity pH second (angular) “
(negative log of) standard deviation SD
parts per million ppm standard error SE
parts per thousand ppt, ‰ variance:
volts V population Var
watts W sample var
Technical PaPer no. 349
Alaska Migratory Bird Subsistence Harvest Estimates,
2004–2007,
Alaska Migratory Bird Co-Management Council
Liliana C. Naves
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Division of Subsistence, Anchorage
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Division of Subsistence
333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99518-1599
Revised Edition, March 2010
Development and publication of this manuscript were financed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under
Cooperative Agreement 70181-7-J653.
Cover Herman Squartsoff collects glaucous-winged gull eggs, Kodiak. Photograph by Donna Dewhurst,
used with permission.
The Division of Subsistence Technical Paper series was established in 1979 and represents the most complete
collection of information about customary and traditional uses of fish and wildlife resources in Alaska. The papers
cover all regions of the state. Some papers were written in response to specific fish and game management issues.
Others provide detailed, basic information on the subsistence uses of particular communities which pertain to a large
number of scientific and policy questions.
Technical Paper series reports are available through the Alaska State Library and on the Internet: http://www.
subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us/. This publication has undergone editorial and professional review.
Liliana C. Naves
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence
333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99518-1599
This document should be cited as:
Naves, L.C. 2010, revised [2009]. Alaska migratory bird subsistence harvest estimates, 2004–2007,
Alaska Migratory Bird Co-Management Council. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division
of Subsistence, Technical Paper No. 349, Anchorage.
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) administers all programs and activities free from discrimination
based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The
department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, the Age
Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility please write:
ADF&G ADA Coordinator, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau AK 99811-5526
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4040 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 300 Webb, Arlington VA 22203
Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington DC 20240
The department’s ADA Coordinator can be reached via phone at the following numbers:
(VOICE) 907-465-6077, (Statewide Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) 1-800-478-3648, (Juneau TDD)
907-465-3646, or (FAX) 907-465-6078
For information on alternative formats and questions on this publication, please contact:
ADF&G Division of Subsistence at http://www.subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us/..
ERRATA
Originally published in December 2009, Technical Paper No. 349, Alaska Migratory Bird
Subsistence Harvest Estimates, 2004–2007, Alaska Migratory Bird Co-Management Council, has
been revised and updated to reflect the following changes:
• Table 146 (North Slope Region, 2007, p. 170) has been updated to include a
footnote regarding the harvest of yellow-billed loons.
• The tables listed below have been revised to correct harvest estimates at the
regional level for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region.
Table 4. p. 28
Table 5. p. 29
Table 16. p. 40
Table 17. p. 41
Table 56. p. 80
Table 57. p. 81
Table 128. p. 152
Table 129. p. 153

TABLE oF CoNTENTS
LIST oF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................iii
LIST oF FIGuRES ......................................................................................................................vii
LIST oF APPENDICES .............................................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................ix
INTRoDuCTIoN ............................................................................................................................1
AMBCC SuBSiStenCe HArveSt ASSeSSMent ProgrAM ..........................................................................1
AMBCC MeMBer orgAnizAtionS .........................................................................................................2
uSeS of tHe inforMAtion froM tHe SuBSiStenCe HArveSt Survey ........................................................2
METhoDS .........................................................................................................................................5
DAtA ColleCtion ...................................................................................................................................5
Regions, Subregions, Villages ................................................................................................................5
Sampling Methods ..............................................................................................................................18
“None, Low, High” Stratification ......................................................................................................18
Census: 100% sampling ...................................................................................................................18
Simple Random Sampling .................................................................................................................18
“Harvester, Other” Stratification ......................................................................................................19
The Survey Year and Survey Seasons ...................................................................................................19
Village and Household Consent ...........................................................................................................20
No Contact and Refusals .....................................................................................................................20
Reporting Harvests .............................................................................................................................20
Species Represented on the Harvest Report Form ..................................................................................20
Data Transfer .....................................................................................................................................21
Data Management and Reporting .........................................................................................................21
DAtA AnAlySiS .....................................................................................................................................21
Geographic Scale of Harvest Estimates ................................................................................................21
Expansion at the Subregional Level .....................................................................................................22
Expansion at Regional Level ...............................................................................................................23
Conversion of Egg Volume to Numbers of Eggs ....................................................................................24
Reports of Fall Egg Harvest .................................................................................................................25
Household Participation Rates .............................................................................................................25
RESuLTS ..........................................................................................................................................27
2004 HArveSt eStiMAteS .....................................................................................................................30
2005 HArveSt eStiMAteS .....................................................................................................................70
2006 HArveSt eStiMAteS ...................................................................................................................102
2007 HArveSt eStiMAteS ...................................................................................................................142
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TABLE oF CoNTENTS continued...
HouSeHolD PArtiCiPAtion rAteS 2004–2007 .....................................................................................178
ACkNoWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................................179
REFERENCES CITED .............................................................................................................181
APPENDICES ..............................................................................................................................183
APPenDix A.–regionS, SuBregionS, AnD CoMMunitieS SurveyeD froM 2004–2007. ...........................184
APPenDix B.–HArveSt rePort forMS (~20% of originAl Size). .........................................................189
APPenDix C.–SPeCieS rePreSenteD in tHe 3 verSionS of tHe HArveSt rePort forM AnD
tHeir DiStriBution rAnge in AlASkA. .................................................................................................192
APPenDix D.–forMulAS to CAlCulAte SuBregion eStiMAteD HArveStS, vAriAnCeS, AnD
ConfiDenCe intervAlS (3-StAge StrAtifieD CluSter SAMPling). ..........................................................197
APPenDix e.–forMulAS to CAlCulAte region eStiMAteD HArveStS, vAriAnCeS, AnD
ConfiDenCe intervAlS (4-StAge StrAtifieD SAMPling). ........................................................................199
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LIST oF TABLES
LIST oF TABLES
Table 1.–Regions surveyed from 2004–2007. ..............................................................................................................................6
Table 2.–Seasonal survey coverage and household visits. ..........................................................................................................19
Table 3.–Estimated conversion factors, egg volume to number of eggs.....................................................................................24
Table 4.–Annual harvest estimates, total birds at the subregional and regional levels, 2004–2007. ..........................................28
Table 5.–Annual harvest estimates, total bird eggs at the subregional and regional levels, 2004–2007. ...................................29
Table 6.–Estimated harvest of birds, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, 2004. .........................................................................30
Table 7.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, 2004. .........................................................................31
Table 8.–Estimated harvest of birds, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, Gulf of Alaska Subregion, 2004. ..............................32
Table 9.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, Gulf of Alaska Subregion, 2004. ..............................33
Table 10.–Estimated harvest of birds, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, Cook Inlet Subregion, 2004. ..................................34
Table 11.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, Cook Inlet subregion, 2004. ....................................35
Table 12.–Estimated harvest of birds, Bristol Bay Region, South Alaska Peninsula Subregion, 2004. .....................................36
Table 13.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Bristol Bay Region, South Alaska Peninsula Subregion, 2004. .....................................37
Table 14.–Estimated harvest of birds, Bristol Bay Region, Southwest Bristol Bay Subregion, 2004........................................38
Table 15.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Bristol Bay Region, Southwest Bristol Bay Subregion, 2004. .......................................39
Table 16.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, 2004. .......................................................................40
Table 17.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, 2004. .......................................................................41
Table 18.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, South Coast Subregion, 2004. ................................42
Table 19.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, South Coast Subregion, 2004. .................................43
Table 20.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Mid Coast Subregion, 2004. ...................................44
Table 21.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Mid Coast Subregion, 2004. ...................................45
Table 22.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, North Coast Subregion, 2004. ................................46
Table 23.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, North Coast Subregion, 2004. .................................47
Table 24.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Yukon Subregion, 2004. ..............................48
Table 25.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Yukon Subregion, 2004. ..............................49
Table 26.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Kuskokwim Subregion, 2004. ....................50
Table 27.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Kuskokwim Subregion, 2004. .....................51
Table 28.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Central Kuskokwim Subregion, 2004. ...................52
Table 29.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Central Kuskokwim Subregion, 2004. ....................53
Table 30.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Bethel Subregion, 2004. .........................................54
Table 31.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Bethel Subregion, 2004. ..........................................55
Table 32.–Estimated harvest of birds, Bering Strait/Norton Sound Region, 2004. ....................................................................56
Table 33.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Bering Strait/Norton Sound Region, 2004. .....................................................................57
Table 34.–Estimated harvest of birds, Interior Alaska Region, 2004. ........................................................................................58
Table 35.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Interior Alaska Region, 2004. .........................................................................................59
Table 36.–Estimated harvest of birds, Interior Alaska Region, Mid Yukon/Upper Kuskokwim Subregion, 2004. ...................60
Table 37.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Interior Alaska Region, Mid Yukon/Upper Kuskokwim Subregion, 2004. ....................61
Table 38.–Estimated harvest of birds, Interior Alaska Region, Yukon/Koyukuk Subregion, 2004. ...........................................62
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LIST oF TABLES continued...
Table 39.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Interior Alaska Region, Yukon/Koyukuk Subregion, 2004. ...........................................63
Table 40.–Estimated harvest of birds, Interior Alaska Region, Upper Yukon Subregion, 2004. ................................................64
Table 41.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Interior Alaska Region, Upper Yukon Subregion, 2004. ................................................65
Table 42.–Estimated harvest of birds, Interior Alaska Region, Tanana Villages Subregion, 2004.............................................66
Table 43.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Interior Alaska Region, Tanana Villages Subregion, 2004. ............................................67
Table 44.–Estimated harvest of birds, Upper Copper River Region, 2004. ................................................................................68
Table 45.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Upper Copper River Region, 2004. ................................................................................69
Table 46.–Estimated harvest of birds, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, Cook Inlet Subregion, 2005. ..................................70
Table 47.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet Region, Cook Inlet Subregion, 2005. ...................................71
Table 48.–Estimated harvest of birds, Aleutian/Pribilof Islands Region, Aleutian Pribilof/Villages Subregion, 2005. .............72
Table 49.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Aleutian/Pribilof Islands Region, Aleutian Pribilof/Villages Subregion, 2005. .............73
Table 50.–Estimated harvest of birds, Bristol Bay Region, 2005. ..............................................................................................74
Table 51.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Bristol Bay Region, 2005. ...............................................................................................75
Table 52.–Estimated harvest of birds, Bristol Bay Region, Southwest Bristol Bay Subregion, 2005........................................76
Table 53.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Bristol Bay Region, Southwest Bristol Bay Subregion, 2005. .......................................77
Table 54.–Estimated harvest of birds, Bristol Bay Region, Dillingham Subregion, 2005. ........................................................78
Table 55.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Bristol Bay Region, Dillingham Subregion, 2005. .........................................................79
Table 56.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, 2005. .......................................................................80
Table 57.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, 2005. .......................................................................81
Table 58.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, South Coast Subregion, 2005. ................................82
Table 59.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, South Coast Subregion, 2005. .................................83
Table 60.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Mid Coast Subregion, 2005. ...................................84
Table 61.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Mid Coast Subregion, 2005. ...................................85
Table 62.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, North Coast Subregion, 2005. ................................86
Table 63.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, North Coast Subregion, 2005. .................................87
Table 64.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Yukon Subregion, 2005. ..............................88
Table 65.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Yukon Subregion, 2005. ..............................89
Table 66.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Kuskokwim Subregion, 2005. ....................90
Table 67.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Lower Kuskokwim Subregion, 2005. .....................91
Table 68.–Estimated harvest of birds, Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Region, Bethel Subregion, 2005. .........................................92
Table 69.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region, Bethel Subregion, 2005. ..........................................93
Table 70.–Estimated harvest of birds, Bering Strait/Norton Sound Region, 2005. ....................................................................94
Table 71.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Bering Strait/Norton Sound Region, 2005. .....................................................................95
Table 72.–Estimated harvest of birds, North Slope Region, 2005. .............................................................................................96
Table 73.–Estimated harvest of eggs, North Slope Region, 2005...............................................................................................97
Table 74.–Estimated harvest of birds, Interior Region, Mid Yukon/Upper Kuskokwim Subregion, 2005. ...............................98
Table 75.–Estimated harvest of eggs, Interior Region, Mid Yukon/Upper Kuskokwim Subregion, 2005. ................................99
Table 76.–Estimated harvest of birds, Interior Region, Yukon/Koyukuk Subregion, 2005. .....................................................100
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