Alasdair Geddes PDF
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ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE 20TH CENTURY SSoommee rreeccoolllleeccttiioonnss PPrrooffeessssoorr AAllaassddaaiirr GGeeddddeess School of Medicine UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff BBiirrmmiinngghhaamm Birmingham UK [email protected] 1929 GGeerrhhaarrdd DDoommaaggkk (1895‐1964) PRONTOSIL RUBRUM [Sulphonilamide] ‐ 1935 EARLY YEARS OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 1930’s/1940’s Sulphonamides; penicillin; streptomycin ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐[1951 ‐ AG entered Medical School]‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11995500’’ss CChhlloorraammpphheenniiccooll; tteettrraaccyycclliinneess; eerryytthhrroommyycciinn; (vancomycin) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐ [1957 ‐ AG graduated] ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Sir Alexander Fleming ‐ Rector of Edinburggh Universityy ‐ 1951 1940 Fleming, Chain & Florey receiving the Nobel Prize in 1945 [Team work] FFlleemmiinngg’ss NNoobbeell PPrriizzee OOrraattiioonn ((11994455)) “TThhee ttiimmee mmaayy ccoommee wwhheenn ppeenniicciilllliinn may be bought by anyone in shops. TThheerree iiss aa ddaannggeerr tthhaatt tthhee iiggnnoorraanntt AAllexandder FFllemiing (1881‐1955) man may under‐dose himself and make tthhee mmiiccrroobbeess rreessiissttaanntt ’ .” ((‘SStteewwaarrddsshhiipp !!??)) We mayy not be at the end of the “ penicillin story. We are in a chemical agge and ppenicillin mayy be changged byy Ernst Chain chemists so that its disadvantages may (1906‐1979) be removed and better derivatives produced.” THE ‘GOLDEN‘ DECADES OF CHEMOTHERAPY * [‘Golden years of Pills and Profits’ ‐ David Greenwood] 11996600’’ss ((IISSCC ffoouunnddeedd iinn 11996611)) Semi‐synthetic penicillins:‐ ampicillin, aammooxxyycciilllliinn, ccllooxxaacciilllliinn;; fflluuccllooxxaacciilllliinn Early cephalosporins:‐ cephaloridine ggeennttaammiicciinn;; ttrriimmeetthhoopprriimm 11997700’ss ((BBSSAACC ffoouunnddeedd iinn 11997711)) Newer cephalosporins (++) & cephamycins; ccaarrbbeenniicciilllliinn;; uurreeiiddooppeenniicciilllliinnss ((mmeezzlloo && aazzlloo));; clindamycin; imipenem * Investigated in Birmingham AMPICILLIN‐LIKE PENICILLINS (a) Ampicillin ((bb)) AAmmooxxyycciilllliinn
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