Alain Polguère PDF
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Modeling the lexicon as a galaxy of senses: theory, method and tools Alain Polguère Université de Lorraine & ATILF CNRS (Nancy) [email protected] Three main topics 1. Internal complexity of lexical units 2. Plausible structure of the lexicon 3. Lexicography as graph weaving 2 1 The lexicon is not made of “words” Presuppositions 1. A natural language—as a system of rules—is a natural cognitive phenomenon 2. The lexicon is the language main functional component 3. Like astronomy, linguistics is before all a descriptive science 4. Language has to be considered from Meaning to Text 4 How do you know that your battery is dead. 5 The King is dead. ‘ no longer alive’ [being X] dead Your battery is dead. Adj, intensifiers : {stiff, as __ as a doornail, …}, … ‘ no longer functional’ [device X] dead Adj, collocate of L( X ), … How do you know that your battery is dead Etc. The room was dead silent. ‘maximally ’ [X] In memory of the dead. dead ‘people who are dead’ Adv, adj. modifier, collocate of L( X ), … dead N, def plur, … 6 To sum up We do not use words, but word-forms, that are prototypical linguistic signs Word-forms are complex informational entities, stored in the Speaker’s memory, that are made up of three non-dissociable components Word-form signified (content) signifier (form) syntactics (restricted combinatorics) dead I dead II Adj Adj ‘ no longer alive’ ‘ no longer functional’ [being X] [device X] … dead dead Adj, intensifiers : {stiff, as __ as a doornail, …}, … Adj, collocate of L( X ), … 7 But that’s not all Inflection (bird ~ birds, am ~ are ~ is …) lexemes, as set of word-forms: ⟹ = { bird, birds } BIRD Lexemes are prototypical lexical units Phraseology idioms—such as , — PULL THE PLUG ON TOP OF THAT ⟹ are also full-fledged lexical units Polysemy lexical units are grouped into vocables ⟹ 8 Complexity of lexical units Each lexical unit is set of word-forms, each word-form being a structured linguistic sign Meaning, form and restricted combinatorics have to be considered simultaneously in order to deal with each single lexical unit Otherwise, we are just “talking about words” 9 2 It’s a small lexical world
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