Alabama: The History of a Deep South State, Bicentennial Edition PDF
Preview Alabama: The History of a Deep South State, Bicentennial Edition
ALABAMA ALABAMA the history of a deep south state BICENTENNIAL EDITION william warren rogers, robert david ward, leah rawls atkins, and wayne flynt The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa Published in cooperation with the Alabama Bicentennial Commission The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0380 uapress.ua.edu Copyright © 1994, 2018 by the University of Alabama Press All rights reserved. First edition 1994. Second edition 2010. Bicentennial edition 2018 Inquiries about reproducing material from this work should be addressed to the University of Alabama Press. Typeface: Garamond Cover image: The Big Spring, by William Frye, an early view of Huntsville from the 1850s; cour- tesy of the Huntsville-Madison County Public Library Cover design: David Nees Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Rogers, William Warren, 1929–2017, author. | Ward, Robert David, author. | Atkins, Leah Rawls, author. | Flynt, Wayne, 1940- author. Title: Alabama : the history of a Deep South state / William Warren Rogers, Robert David Ward, Leah Rawls Atkins, and Wayne Flynt. Description: Bicentennial edition. | Tuscaloosa : The University of Alabama Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017052848| ISBN 9780817319748 (cloth) | ISBN 9780817359171 (pbk.) | ISBN 9780817391669 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Alabama—History. Classification: LCC F326 .A553 2018 | DDC 976.1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017052848 This Bicentennial Edition is dedicated to departed colleagues Malcolm Cook McMillan, William Warren Rogers, and Robert David Ward, who were our companions in this lifelong endeavor to tell Alabama’s amazing story, warts and all. Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface to the Bicentennial Edition xiii Alabama: A Prospect xv Part One From Early Times to the End of the Civil War Leah Rawls Atkins 1. Native Peoples of Alabama 3 2. European Exploration and Colonization in Alabama 18 3. Creeks and Americans at War 36 4. Land in the Alabama Wilderness Beckons 54 5. The Early Years: Defining the Issues 67 6. The Early Years: Confronting the Issues 78 7. The Cotton Kingdom 93 8. Antebellum Society 113 9. Party Politics and States’ Rights 136 10. Yancey and the Alabama Platform 151 11. The Secession Crisis 170 12. At War with the Union 186 13. The Home Front 203 Part Two From 1865 through 1920 William Warren Rogers and Robert David Ward 14. Reconstruction: The Second Beginning 225 15. Radical Reconstruction 241 16. The Bourbon Oligarchy and the New Old South 259 17. The Agricultural Alternative and the Rise of Industry 277 18. New Winds and Old Voices 288 Contents 19. The Defeat of Reform 305 20. Politics, Education, and the “Splendid Little War” 320 21. The Constitution of 1901 343 22. The Chimerical Impulse of Progressivism 355 23. Women in Alabama from 1865 to 1920 376 24. Domestic Issues, the Creative State, and the Great War 392 Part Three From the 1920s to 2018 Wayne Flynt 25. The Politics of Reform and Stability during the 1920s 411 26. Change and Stability during the Roaring Twenties 443 27. Hard Times, 1930–1940 465 28. How New a Deal in Alabama? 494 29. A State Forged by War, 1940–1954 510 30. The Flowering of Alabama Liberalism: Politics and Society during the 1940s and 1950s 524 31. A Time to Hate: Racial Confrontation, 1955–1970 545 32. Racial Politics and Economic Stagnation 566 33. A Time to Heal: Struggling to Find a New Vision, 1970–2018 589 34. Gender, “Jocks,” and Shakespeare: Alabama Society and Culture, 1970–2018 621 Alabama: Past and Future 645 Appendix A: Governors of Alabama 655 Appendix B: Counties of Alabama 659 Notes 663 Bibliography 691 Index 737 About the Authors 790 viii Illustrations Photographs or Drawings Dogtrot House 2 Indians Hunting 4 Rattlesnake Disk 7 William McIntosh 51 Two-story Dogtrot House 59 Dixon Hall Lewis 86 The Forks of Cypress 89 Octavia Walton Le Vert 115 Newspaper advertisements 123 Antebellum Church Architecture 126 William Lowndes Yancey 153 Thomas Hill Watts 153 C. C. Clay, Jr. 164 Virginia Tunstall Clay 164 Inauguration of Jefferson Davis 190 Emma Sansom 212 Nathan Bedford Forrest 212 Alabama House of Representatives in 1892 224 James T. Rapier 248 George E. Spencer 248 George Smith Houston 248 J. L. M. Curry 248 Brierfield Iron Works 279 Reuben F. Kolb 310 Thomas G. Jones 310 Students at Big Zion School 324 Booker T. Washington 330
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