Alabama gully control handbook

240 Pages·2016·5.68 MB·English

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Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, &
Graduate School
Professional Papers
1976
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Thomas Allan Heard
The University of Montana
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Heard, Thomas Allan, "Alabama gully control handbook" (1976). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations,
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ALABAMA GULLY CONTROL HANDBOOK
by
Thomas Allan Heard
B.S.C.E., University of Mississippi, 1959
Presented in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Master of Resource Administration
UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA
1976
Approved b-
CMairman, Board of Examiners
UMI Number; EP36578
All rights reserved
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UMI EP36578
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS iv
LIST OF TABLES ix
CHAPTER
I GULLYING—AN INTRODUCTION 1
Rainfall Erosion and Gully Development 1
The Magnitude of the Gully Problem 20
Examples of Costs 22
II OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY 27
Natural Stabilization 28
Vegetative Stabilization 30
Structural Stabilization 34
Diversions 40
Detention and Retention 41
Approaching the Solution to a Gully Problem 43
III HYDROLOGY 66
Rainfall 66
Drainage Area , 67
Soil-Cover Complexes 70
Surface Slope 77
IV STABILIZATION DESIGN 112
Waterways 113
Diversion 140
Drop Spillways 148
Chute Spillways 149
Drop Inlet and Hood Inlet Spillways 158
Foundation Drainage 179
ii
Emergency By-Passes 179
Evaluating Culvert Hydraulics 181
Flumes 188
Administrative Restrictions 192
V EVALUATING GULLY ADVANCE 214
Rate of Headward Advance 214
Lateral Development of Gullies 222
Evaluating Damage 223
LITERATURE CITED
Chapter I 25
Chapter II 65
Chapter III Ill
Chapter IV 212
Chapter V 228
iii
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1-1 Major Land Resource Areas of Alabama 11
2-1 Nomenclature for Inlet, Conduit and Outlet
of Spillway 35
2-2 General Guide to Structure Selection 39
2-3 Determining Required Depth of Piling 53
3-1 Relationship Between Rainfall, Runoff, and
Curve Numbers 72
3-2 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 82
3-3 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 83
3-4 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 84
3-5 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 85
3-6 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 86
3-7 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 87
3-8 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 88
iv
3-9 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 89
3-10 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 90
3-11 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 91
3-12 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 92
3-13 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 93
3-14 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 94
3-15 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 95
3-16 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 96
3-17 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 97
3-1b Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 98
3-19 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution . 99
3-20 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 100
3-21 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 101
3-22 Peak Rates of Discharge for Small Watersheds,
Type II Storm Distribution 102
V
4-1 Manning's "n" Related to Velocity, Hydraulic
Radius, and Vegetal Retardance 114
4-2 Solution of The Manning Formula 135
4-3 Dimensions of Parabolic Channels 136
4-4 Solutions for Dimensions of Parabolic
Channels . 137
4-5 Solution of The Manning Formula for Retardance
C (Moderate Vegetal Retardance) 138
4-6 Symbols for Straight Drop Spillway 149
4-7 Weir Capacity for Straight Drop Spillways 150
4-8 Standard Plan For a Reinforced Concrete
Toe Wall With 2' - 0" Overfall Drop Spillway ... 152
4-9 Standard Plan for a Concrete Block Toe Wall
Drop Spillway with 1' - 10" Overfall 153
4-10 Reinforced Concrete Chute Spillway 154
4-11 Typical Standard Plan For Low Head
Formless Concrete Chute 156
4—12 Typiucii SLciridar-d Flan Tor Low Head Formless
Concrete Chute 157
4-13 Examples of Drop Inlet Spillways 159
4-14 Hood Inlet Spillways 160
4-15 Hood Inlet In A Shallow Box Inlet 161
4-16 Chart for Determining Inlet Proportions and
Required Head Over Inlet 166
4-17 Details of a Typical Hood Inlet and Baffle for
6 to 1 5 Inch Diameter Corrugated Metal Pipe ... 170
vi
4-18 Chart To Compute Radius For Scour Hole,
For Hood Inlets and Pipe Drops 171
4-19 Appurtenances for Metal Pipe Drop Inlets 174
4-20 Appurtenances for Metal Pipe Drop Inlets 175
4-21 Appurtenance for Metal Pipe Drop Inlets 176
4-22 Details of a Trash Rack for a 30 Inch Riser .... 177
4-23 Culverts with Inlet Control 184
4-24 Headwater Depth For Concrete Pipe Culverts
With Inlet Control 185
4-25 Headwater Depth for CM Pipe Culverts with
Inlet Control 186
4-26 Culvert Water Depth Relationships 188
4-27 Head for Concrete Pipe Culverts Flowing
Full With Outlet Control n = 0.012 190
4-28 Head for CM Pipe Culverts Flowing Full
With Outlet Control n = 0,024 191
4-29 Determination of Rock Size for Riprap
Waterway 193
4-30 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes ....... 197
4-31 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 198
4-32 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 199
4-33 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 200
4-34 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 201
4-35 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 202
4-36 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 203
vii
4-37 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 204
4-38 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 205
4-39 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 206
4-40 Capacity Graph For Concrete Flumes 207
5^1 Average Annual Inches of Rainfall From 24
Hour Rains of 0.5 Inch or Greater 218
5-2 Graph For Obtaining The 0.20 Power of
Ratio P .219
5-3 Graph for Obtaining the 0.46 Power of
Ratio A 219
viii