Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XII

739 Pages·1998·31.386 MB·English

by  G. Cautenet, F. Guillard, B. Marticorena, G. Bergametti, F. Dulac, J. Edy (auth.), Sven-Erik Gryning, Nadine Chaumerliac (eds.)

Air Pollution
Modeling and Its
Application XII
NATO. Challenges of Modern Society
A series of volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contemporary
problems facing our society, assembled in cooperation with NATO Committee
on the Challenges of Modern Society.
Recent volumes in this series:
Volume 6 REMOTE SENSING FOR THE CONTROL OF MARINE POLLUTION
Edited by Jean-Marie Massin
Volume 7 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION IV
Edited by C. De Wispelaere
Volume 8 CONTAMINATED LAND: Reclamation and Treatment
Edited by Michael A. Smith
Volume 9 INTERREGIONAL AIR POLLUTION MODELING: The State of the
Art
Edited by S. Zwerver and J. van Ham
Volume 10 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION V
Edited by C. De Wispelaere, Francis A. Schiermeier, and
Noor V. Gillani
Volume 11 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION VI
Edited by Han van Dop
Volume 12 RISK MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Edited by Hans M. Seip and Anders B. Heiberg
Volume 13 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION VII
Edited by Han van Dop
Volume 14 HEALTH AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
Edited by John C. Duffy
Volume 15 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION VIII
Edited by Han van Dop and Douw G. Steyn
Volume 16 DIOXIN PERSPECTIVES: A Pilot Study on International
Information Exchange on Dioxins and Related Compounds
Edited by Erich W. Bretthauer, Heinrich W. Kraus,
and Alessandro di Domenico
Volume 17 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION IX
Edited by Han van Dop and George Kallos
Volume 18 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION X
Edited by Sven-Erik Gryning and Millan M. Millan
Volume 19 METHODS OF PESTICIDE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Edited by Patricia B. Curry, Sesh Iyengar, Pamela A. Maloney,
and Marco Maroni
Volume 20 PLANNING ESTUARIES
Cees-Jan van Westen and Reinier Jan Scheele
Volume 21 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XI
Edited by Sven-Erik Gryning and Francis A. Schiermeier
Volume 22 AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XII
Edited by Sven-Erik Gryning and Nadine Chaumerliac
Air Pollution
Modeling and Its
Application XII
Edited by
Sven-Brik Gryning
RiS0 National Laboratory
Roskilde, Denmark
and
Nadine Chaumerliac
Universite Blaise Pascal-CNRS
Clermont-Ferrand, France
Published in cooperation with
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Air pollution modeling and its application XII / edited by Sven-Erik Gryning and Nadine
Chaumerliac.
p. cm.—(NATO challenges of modern society; v. 22.)
"Published in cooperation with NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society."
Proceedings of the Twenty-Second NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air
Pollution Modeling and its Application, held June 2-6, 1997, in Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Air—Pollution—Mathematical models—Congresses. 2. Atmospheric diffusion—Mathe-
matical models—Congresses. I. Gryning, Sven-Erik. II. Chaumerliac, Nadine. III. North At-
lantic Treaty Organization. Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society. IV. NATO/
CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application (22nd:
1997: Clermont-Ferrand, France) V. Series.
TD881.A47523 1998
628.5' 3' 015118—dc21 98-7493
CIP
Proceedings of the Twenty-Second NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on
Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application, held June 2-6, 1997,
in Clermont-Ferrand, France
ISBN 978-1-4757-9130-3 ISBN 978-1-4757-9128-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9128-0
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1998
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998
http://www.plenum.com
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 1
All rights reserved
Mo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
In 1969 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) cstablishcd thc Committee
on Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS). The subject of air pollution was from the thc very
beginning one of the priority problems umier deliberation within the tJ-amcwork of various pi
lot studies undertaken by this committee. The organization of a yearly conference dealing
with air pollution modelling and its application has become one of the main activities within
thc pilot study rclating to air pollution. Pleasc see the listing on the next page for completed
NATO/CCMS Pilot Studies and the International Technical Meetings (ITM) on Air Pollution
Modelling and Its Application.
This volume contains the papers at the 22ND lTM, being held in Clermont-Ferrand,
France during June 2 -6,1997. It was attended by 152 participants representing 33 countries.
This lTM wasjointly organized by the Ris0 National Laboratory of Denmark (pilot country):
the Laboratoire Associe de Meteorologic Physique, associated with the Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique, the Universite Blaise Pascal. and the Observatoire de Physique du
Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, France (host country).
We wish to express our gratitude to the sponsors that made this conference possible.
In addition to tinancial support from NATO/CCMS, the conference received contributions
from Centre National de Recherche Scientitique, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de
Clermont-Ferrand, Universite Blaise Pascal, Electricite de France, lnstitut Francais du Pe
trole, Conscil Regional d'Auvergne, Conseil General du Puy de DC1I11e, Mairie de Clermont
Ferrand, SATCAR Semaine des arts techniques et culture de l'automobile et de la route.
European Association for the Sciencies of Air Pollution, Ris0 National Laboratory. and the
Danish Environmental Research Programme.
On behalfofthe ITM Scientific Committee and the organizers, we express our grati
tude to those who worked to make this conference a reality and to the active participants rep
resenting numerous countries.
Sven-Erik Gryning and Nadine Chaumerliac
THE SCIENTIFIC BOARD OF THE 22nd NATO/CCMS INTERNATIONAL
TECHNICAL MEETING 01\ AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS
APPLICA TIO:\
(i. Sehayes. Helgium D. Anfossi. Italy
J. L. Walmsley. Canada T. Iversen. Norway
S. L. Gryning (chairman), Denmark C. Borrego. Portugal
H. R. Olesen. Denmark M. Millan. Spain
W. Klug. Germany S. Ulug. Tyrkey
N. Chaumerl iac. France M. L. Williams. United Kingdom
G. Kallos. Greeee F. A. Schiermeier. USA
R. M. van Aalst. Holland Y. Sehiffmann. USA
II. \an Dop. Holland
HISTORY OF :\ATO/CCMS AIR POLLUTION PILOT STUDIES
Pilot Study on Air Pollution: International Technical Meetings (lTM) on Air
Pollution Modeling and Its Application
Dates of Completed Pilot Studies
1%9 1974 Air Pollution Pilot Study (United States Pilot Country)
1975 1979 Air Pollution Assessment Methodologies and Modeling (Germany)
19X() 19X4 Air Pollution Control Strategies and Impact Modeling (Germany)
Dates and Locations of Pilot Study Follow-ep Meetings
Pilot CO/IIII/TUnilcd States rR.A. AfcCormick, I.E. iVicmcl'cr)
Feb 1971. Findhovcn. Thc Nctherlands-First Conference on Low Pollution Power
Systems Development
.lui 1971. Paris. France Second Meeting of the Expert Panel on Air Pollution Modeling
All following meetings were entitled NATOICCMS International Technical Mectings ((I'M)
on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application
Oet 197'2. Paris. France Third ITM
May 1973. Oberursel. Federal Republic of Germany- Fourth ITM
Jun 1974. Roskilde. Denmark--Fifth ITM
Pi lot COlllltlT C;CI'II/(/II), (Erich ~j;('hcr)
Sep 1975. Frankfurt. Federal Republic of Germany-. Sixth ITM
Sep 1976. Airlie House. Virginia. USA--Seventh ITM
Sep 1977. L.ouvain-La-Meuve. Belgium---Eighth ITM
Aug I97X. Toronto. Ontario. Canada-Ninth ITM
Oet 1979. ROllle. Italy--Tenth ITM
\ 11
Pilot Country-Belgium (c. De Wispelaere)
Nov 1980, Amsterdam, The Netherlands--Eleventh ITM
Aug 1981, Menlo Park, California, USA-Twelfth ITM
Sep 1982, Ile des Embiez, France-Thirteenth ITM
Sep 1983, Copenhagen, Denmark-Fourteenth ITM
Apr 1985, St. Louis, Missouri, USA-Fifteenth ITM
Pilot Country-The Netherlands (Han van Dop)
Apr 1987, Lindau, Federal Republic of Germany-Sixteenth ITM
Sep 1988, Cambridge, United Kingdom-Seventeenth ITM
May 1990, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada-Eighteenth ITM
Sep 1991, Ierapetra, Crete, Greece-Nineteenth ITM
Pilot Country--Denmark (Sven-Erik Gryning)
Nov 1993, Valencia, Spain-Twentieth ITM
Nov 1995, Baltimore, Maryland, USA-Twenty-first ITM
lun 1997, Clermont-Ferrand, France-Twenty-second ITM
\ III
CONTENTS
INTEGRATED REGIONAL MODELLDIG
Modeling of a Saharan Dust Event ...................................... .
G. Cautener, B. Marticorena. and G. Bergametti
Temporal and Spatial Scales for Transport and Transformation Processes in the
Eastern Mediterranean .......................................... 15
G. Kallos. G. V. Kotroni. K. Lagouvardos. A. Papadopoulos. M. Varinou.
O. Kakaliagou. M. Luria. M. Peleg. A. Wanger. and M. Uliasz
Assimilation of Satellite Data in Regional Air Quality Models . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
R. McNider. W. B. Norris. and D. M. Casey
Evaluation of an Aerosol Model: Responses to Meteorology and Emission
Scenari os . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
S. C. Pryor. and R. J. Barthelmie
Mesoscale Flow and Pollutants Transport Modeling in North-East Sicily ........... 43
P. Grossi. G. Graziani. and C. Cerutti
Mesoscale Modeling of Transport and Deposition of Heavy Metals in Southern
Poland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
M. Uliasz. K. Olendrzynski. and 1. Bartnicki
Biomass Burning: Local and Regional Redistribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63
J. Edy and S. Cautenet
High Resolution. Long-Period Modelling of Photochemical Oxidants over Europe 71
J. Langner. C. Persson. and L. Robertson
Application of the Urban Airshed Model in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia.
Canada and Implications to Local Ozone Control Strategies ................. 71)
J. Pottier
Estimates of Sensitivities of Photochemical Grid Models to Uncertainties in Input
Parameters. as Applied to UAM-IV on the New York Domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . RI)
S. R. Hanna. J. C. Chang. M. E. Fernau. and D. A. Hansen
IX
Effects of Initial and Boundary Values of Reactive Nitrogen Compounds and
Hydrocarbons on the Ozone Concentration in the Free Troposphere ........... 97
B. Schell, H. Feldmann, M. Memmesheimer, and A. Ebel
Fast Sensitivity Analysis of Three-Dimensional Photochemical Models ............ 107
Y-J. Yang, J. G. Wilkinson, and A. G. Russell
Integrating Observations and Modeling in Ozone Management Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . .. 115
S. T. Rao, E. Zalewsky, I. G. Zurbenko, P. S. Porter, G. Sistla, W. Hao, N. Zhou,
J.-Y Ku, G. Kallos, and D. A. Hansen
Study of the Role of a Stratiform Cloud Layer on the Redistribution of Hydrogen
Peroxide .......................................................... 125
N. Audiffren, E. Buisson, and N. Chaumerliac
Influence of the Resolution of Emissions and Topography on the Air Pollution .
Distribution in a Mesoscale Area ....................................... 133
K. Nester, H.-1. Panitz, F. Fiedler, and W. Wilms
A Comparison of CALPUFF Modeling Results with 1977 !nel Field Data Results .... 143
J. S. Irwin
GLOBAL AND LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT
Atmospheric Transport-Chemistry Modelling-Some Ideas for the Future .......... 157
P. Builtjes
A Model for Airborne Poli-Dispersive Particle Transport and Deposition ........... 167
M. Galperin and D. Syrakov
Numerical Study of Regional Air Pollution Transport and Photochemistry in Greece .. 177
I. Ziomas, P. Tzoumaka, D. Balis, D. Melas, D. Asimakopoulos, G. Sanida,
P. Simeonidis, I. Kioutsioukis, and C. Zerefos
Simulated Acidic Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Deposition over East
Asia-Role of Synoptic Scale Weather System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185
1. Uno, T. Ohara, and K. Murano
Long-Range Transport of Lead and Cadmium in Europe. Results of the Model
Simulation for the 1985-1995 Period .................................... 195
J. Bartnicki, K. Olendrzynski, and M. Uliasz
Long Range Transport of NO x' NOy' 03 and SOx over East Asia and the Western
Pacific Ocean in Winter Season-a Numerical Analysis ..................... 205
T. Kitada, M. Nishizawa, and Y Kondo
The Transport of Dust and SOx in East Asia during the PEM -B Experiment ......... 217
H. Xiao, G. R. Carmichael, and 1. Durchenwald
A Simulation of Long-Range Transport ofCFCs in the Troposphere Using a 3-D
Global Lagrangian Model with 6-Hourly Meteorological Fields .............. 227
W. 1. Collins, D. S. Stevenson, C. E. Johnson, and R. G. Derwent
x