Aiot Technologies and Applications for Smart Environments

333 Pages·2023·19.227 MB·English

by  Associate Professor Mamoun Alazab, Associate Professor Meenu Gupta, Associate Professor Shakeel Ahmed

IETCOMPUTING SERIES 57
AIoT Technologies and
Applications for Smart
Environments
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Volume1 KnowledgeDiscoveryandDataMiningM.A.Bramer(Editor)
Volume3 TroubledITProjects:PreventionandturnaroundJ.M.Smith
Volume4 UMLforSystemsEngineering:Watchingthewheels,2ndEditionJ.Holt
Volume5 IntelligentDistributedVideoSurveillanceSystemsS.A.Velastinand
P.Remagnino(Editors)
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Volume7 SysMLforSystemsEngineeringJ.HoltandS.Perry
Volume8 ModellingEnterpriseArchitecturesJ.HoltandS.Perry
Volume9 Model-BasedRequirementsEngineeringJ.Holt,S.PerryandM.Bownsword
Volume13 TrustedPlatformModules:Why,whenandhowtousethemA.Segall
Volume14 FoundationsforModel-basedSystemsEngineering:Frompatternsto
modelsJ.Holt,S.PerryandM.Bownsword
Volume15 BigDataandSoftwareDefinedNetworksJ.Taheri(Editor)
Volume18 ModelingandSimulationofComplexCommunicationM.A.Niazi(Editor)
Volume20 SysMLforSystemsEngineering:Amodel-basedapproach,3rdEdition
J.HoltandS.Perry
Volume22 VirtualRealityandLightFieldImmersiveVideoTechnologiesforReal-
WorldApplicationsG.LafruitandM.Tehrani
Volume23 DataasInfrastructureforSmartCitiesL.SuzukiandA.Finkelstein
Volume24 UltrascaleComputingSystemsJ.Carretero,E.JeannotandA.Zomaya
Volume25 BigData-EnabledInternetofThingsM.Khan,S.Khan,andA.Zomaya
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Volume29 BlockchainsforNetworkSecurity:Principles,technologiesand
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Volume34 AIforEmergingVerticals:Human-robotcomputing,sensingand
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Volume35 BigDataRecommenderSystemsVol1&2O.Khalid,S.U.Khan,andA.Y.
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Volume37 HandbookofBigDataAnalyticsVol1&2V.RaviandA.K.Cherukuri(Editors)
Volume39 ReRAM-basedMachineLearningH.Y,L.NiandS.M.P.Dinakarrao
Volume40 E-learningMethodologies:Fundamentals,technologiesandapplications
M.Goyal,R.KrishnamurthiandD.Yadav(Editors)
Volume44 StreamingAnalytics:Concepts,architectures,platforms,usecasesand
applicationsP.Raj,C.Surianarayanan,K.SeeranganandG.Ghinea(Editors)
Volume44 StreamingAnalytics:Concepts,architectures,platforms,usecasesand
applicationsP.Raj,A.Kumar,V.Garc´ıaD´ıazandN.Muthuraman(Editors)
Volume54 IntelligentNetworkDesignDrivenbyBigDataAnalytics,IoT,AIandCloud
ComputingS.Kumar,G.MappandK.Cergiz(Editors)
Volume115 GroundPenetratingRadar:Improvingsensingandimagingthrough
numericalmodellingX.L.Travassos,M.F.PantojaandN.Ida
AIoT Technologies and
Applications for Smart
Environments
Edited by
Mamoun Alazab, Meenu Gupta and Shakeel Ahmed
The Institution of Engineering andTechnology
PublishedbyTheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,London,UnitedKingdom
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Firstpublished2022
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Contents
CallforAuthors–TheIETInternationalBookSeriesonAppliedAIoT xiii
Abouttheeditors xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introductionto AIoTfor smart environments 1
Chander Prabha, Meenu Gupta andShakeel Ahmed
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 From IoT to AIoT: smart IoT 3
1.2.1 Smart retail 5
1.2.2 Smart office buildings 5
1.2.3 Autonomousvehicles in fleet management (smart driving) 5
1.2.4 Autonomousdelivery robots 6
1.2.5 Drone traffic monitoring 6
1.3 AI implementation and businesscases of AIoT 6
1.3.1 Businesscase: ET city brain 9
1.3.2 Businesscase: Tesla’s autopilot 9
1.3.3 Businesscase: classroom monitoring systems 9
1.4 AI capable IoT platforms 11
1.5 AIoT practical applications 11
1.6 AIoT concerns and challenges 15
1.6.1 Challenges in AIoT 16
1.7 Conclusion 17
References 17
2 Research challengesin smart environments 21
Nitika Kapoor, Parminder Singh andKusrini
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Literature review 24
2.3 Applications 27
2.4 Components in smart environment 27
2.4.1 Data pre-processing 28
2.4.2 Sensors 29
2.4.3 Data processing 29
2.4.4 Environment control (actuators) 29
vi AIoTtechnologies and applications for smartenvironments
2.4.5 Sensorsfor homes 29
2.5 Wireless sensornetworks 29
2.5.1 Home-based sensor platform 30
2.5.2 Sensortechnologies 30
2.5.3 Smart monitoring and controlling hut 30
2.5.4 Vehicle system 30
2.6 Challenges 30
2.7 Conclusion 34
References 34
3 Applications-oriented smart cities basedonAIoTemerging
technologies 37
Chander Prabha, Jaspreet Singh and Raihan Rasool
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Smart cities overview and AIoT 38
3.3 The framework deployment and architecture of Smart City 42
3.4 AIoT-powered Smart City transformation 44
3.5 Functionsand features of Smart Cities 46
3.6 Instruments that aid inthe creation of a Smart City 49
3.7 AIoT and challenges in building Smart City 50
3.8 Conclusion and future scope 53
References 53
4 Useof smartphonesapplication to identify pedestrian barriers
aroundexisting metro stationsin Noida 57
S.S. Kapoor andT.S.Brar
4.1 Introduction: backgroundand overview 58
4.2 Literature survey 60
4.2.1 Current debate on TODin India 62
4.2.2 Walkingin Indian cities 62
4.2.3 GIS-based walkability evaluation 63
4.2.4 Re-assessingland-use and transport planningusing station
accessibility 63
4.3 Study area and data collection 64
4.3.1 Online smart questionnaire design 64
4.4 Methodology 65
4.4.1 Walkable catchment area 67
4.5 Results 68
4.5.1 Metro station survey analysis 68
4.5.2 Analysis of pedestrian catchment areas 69
4.6 Discussion and conclusion 70
Acknowledgment 71
References 72
Contents vii
5 Ahybrid segmentation process for effective disease classification
for smart agriculture 75
R. Karthickmanoj andT.Sasilatha
5.1 Introduction 75
5.2 Literature survey 78
5.3 Proposed work 85
5.4 Performance evaluation 86
5.5 Conclusion and future workspace 89
References 89
6 AIoT-basedwater management andIoT-basedsmart irrigation
system: effective in smart agriculture 93
Mamata Rath, SubhranshuSekhar Tripathy, Niva Tripathy,
Chhabi Rani Panigrahi and BibudhenduPati
6.1 Introduction 93
6.2 Smart water management 94
6.2.1 Water leakage inside the circulation community 95
6.2.2 Water wastage at the consumer locality 96
6.3 Smart irrigation 97
6.4 Required components 100
6.5 Workingof G-SMcomponent 100
6.6 Workingof RELAY 101
6.7 Workingof Arduino 104
6.8 Programming code inArduino 106
6.9 Result discussion 109
6.10 Conclusion 109
References 109
7 Adaptive smart farming system usingInternetof Things(IoT)
andartificial intelligence (AI)modeling 113
Swati Singhand K. V. Suresh Babu
7.1 Introduction 113
7.2 Literature survey 116
7.3 AI in agriculture 117
7.4 Useof wireless and automation systems in agriculture 119
7.5 Discussion 120
7.6 Conclusions 120
References 121
8 Time series dataair qualitypredictionusingInternet of Things
andmachine learning techniques 127
QasemAbu Al-Haija and NoorA. Jebril
8.1 Introduction 127
8.2 Analyzing the time-series 128
8.2.1 Time-series forecasting (projection) 130
viii AIoT technologies and applications for smartenvironments
8.2.2 Estimation of transfer functions 132
8.2.3 Analyzing uncommon involvementincidents 133
8.2.4 Analyzing multivariate time series 133
8.2.5 Discrete control systems 133
8.3 ML model (MLM) 135
8.3.1 ML applications 135
8.3.2 ML types 136
8.4 IoT 138
8.5 Air quality control(AQC) 139
8.5.1 Air quality evaluation 142
8.5.2 Flow diagram of AQC 144
References 146
9 Role of AIoT-basedintelligent automation in robotics, UAVs,
anddrones 151
Chander Prakash, Lakwinder Pal Singh and Ajay Gupta
9.1 Introduction 151
9.1.1 Synergyof IoT and AI 152
9.1.2 IoT-aided robotics 153
9.1.3 IoT-aided UAVs/drones 155
9.2 Literature review 159
9.2.1 Robotics 159
9.2.2 UAVs/drones 161
9.3 Components of IoRT system 166
9.3.1 Components of IoRT system 167
9.4 Applicationsof AIoT in robotics and UAVs/drones 167
9.4.1 Application of AIoT robotics 167
9.4.2 Application of AIoT inUAVs/drones 169
9.5 IoT’s AIchallenges 170
9.5.1 Challenges faced in usingrobotics 170
9.5.2 Challenges faced in usingUAVs/drones 171
9.6 Future scope 171
9.6.1 Future with robotics 171
9.6.2 Future with UAVs/drones 172
9.7 Summaryand conclusion 175
References 176
10 AIoT-basedwastemanagementsystems 183
Sharad Chauhan and ShubhamGargrish
10.1 Introduction 183
10.2 Relatedwork 185
10.3 AIoT 187
10.4 Various types and techniques for waste disposal 188
10.5 IoT-based waste management system 189
10.6 Main features of AIoT-based framework forwaste management 190
Contents ix
10.7 Data and proposed methodology 191
10.7.1 Design model 192
10.7.2 Waste collectionmodel 193
10.7.3 Workingof intelligent bin process 193
10.7.4 Intelligent bin controlby usingAI 194
10.8 Conclusion 194
10.9 Future scope 196
References 196
11 AIoTtechnologies andapplications for smart environments 199
Richa UmeshShah, Jai Prakash Verma, RachnaJain and
Sanjay Garg
11.1 Introduction 199
11.1.1 Motivation 200
11.2 IoT in smart manufacturing system 201
11.2.1 Challenges for smart manufacturing 201
11.2.2 Vertical sector particular necessities 202
11.2.3 Challenges in the area of IoT and Big Data analytics 202
11.2.4 Challenges in the area of IoT and blockchain computing 202
11.3 Securityissuesand challenges 203
11.4 Ageneral outlookonblockchain 203
11.4.1 The concept of blockchain technology 204
11.4.2 The applicationsof blockchain technology utilized
in the current period 206
11.4.3 Advantages and disadvantages of blockchain technology 207
11.5 The future of blockchain technology 208
11.6 Proposed model for smart manufacturing in the context of
Industry 4.0 209
11.7 Result and discussion 209
11.7.1 Low-level security issues 210
11.7.2 Intermediate-level security issues 211
11.7.3 High-level security issues 211
11.8 Conclusion 212
References 212
12 AIoT-basede-commerce 215
Kshatrapal Singh,Ashish Kumar,Yogesh KumarSharmaand
Arun KumarRai
12.1 Introduction 215
12.1.1 Workingof AIoT 216
12.1.2 Advantages and challenges of AIoT 216
12.2 Applicationsof IoT ine-commerce 217
12.2.1 Inventory management 217
12.2.2 Supplychainmanagement 218
12.2.3 Maintenance and warranty 218