Aimsun 8 Dynamic Simulators Users’ Manual

508 Pages·2014·12.415 MB·English

by  Aimsun

Aimsun 8 Dynamic Simulators Users’ Manual
July 2014
© 1997-2014 TSS-Transport Simulation Systems
About this Manual
The present manual describes the use of the Microscopic, Mesoscopic
and Hybrid simulators in Aimsun 8. The microscopic simulator is
available in the following Aimsun editions: Aimsun Small, Aimsun
Standard, Aimsun Professional for Micro, Aimsun Advanced and Aimsun
Expert. The mesoscopic simulator requires a license of Aimsun
Professional for Meso, Aimsun Advanced or Aimsun Expert. The hybrid
simulator requires a licence of Aimsun Advanced or Aimsun Expert to be
used.

It also describes the use of the embedded pedestrian simulator Legion
in a microscopic simulation. The Legion for Aimsun module requires a
Legion for Aimsun licence that is included in all Aimsun editions. Note
that, Legion is only available for the Windows versions (both 32bit and
64bit).

Our aim is to keep you informed of any changes so that you can
continue to get the best from Aimsun. As always, please be aware that
product data is subject to change without notice.

Features labelled 'Fast Track' have been added after the Aimsun 8 Final
Release and they are only available to users in possession of a valid
SUS.

TSS-Transport Simulation Systems has made every effort to ensure that
all the information contained within this manual is as accurate as
possible. It should be stressed however, that this is a draft version of
the latest Aimsun Dynamic Simulators User’s Manual and as such, some
of the contents may be subject to change.

As always, we welcome your feedback ([email protected]) in our
continued improvement and addition of new features to Aimsun.

1.1 Copyright
Copyright  1997-2014 TSS-Transport Simulation Systems, S.L.

All rights reserved. TSS-Transport Simulation Systems products
contain certain trade secrets and confidential and proprietary
information of TSS-Transport Simulation Systems. Use of this
copyright notice is precautionary and does not imply publication or
disclosure.
1.2 Trademark
Aimsun is trademark of TSS-Transport Simulation Systems. S.L.
Other brand or product names are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.
Draft 2
1.1 COPYRIGHT ........................................................................................... 2
1.2 TRADEMARK .......................................................................................... 2
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 17
1.1 MICROSIMULATOR, MESOSIMULATOR, HYBRID SIMULATOR AND AIMSUN .............................. 18
1.2 INPUT DATA REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 19
1.2.1 Network Layout ............................................................................. 19
1.2.2 Traffic Demand Data ....................................................................... 20
1.2.3 Traffic Control .............................................................................. 20
1.2.4 Public Transport ............................................................................ 21
1.2.5 Initial State .................................................................................. 21
1.3 NOTE ON UNITS .................................................................................... 23
2 TRAFFIC MODELLING ................................................................................. 25
2.1 TRAFFIC DEMAND DATA ............................................................................. 25
2.1.1 Vehicle Classification ...................................................................... 25
2.1.2 Input Flows and Turning Proportions .................................................... 26
2.1.3 O/D matrices ................................................................................ 27
2.1.4 Traffic Arrivals .............................................................................. 27
2.2 TRAFFIC GENERATION .............................................................................. 31
2.2.1 Exponential .................................................................................. 31
2.2.2 Uniform ....................................................................................... 31
2.2.3 Normal ........................................................................................ 32
2.2.4 Constant ...................................................................................... 33
2.2.5 “ASAP” ........................................................................................ 33
2.2.6 External ....................................................................................... 34
2.2.7 Summary of Generation ................................................................... 34
2.2.8 Dealing with a fractional number of trips ............................................. 34
2.3 VEHICLE ENTRANCE PROCESS ....................................................................... 37
2.4 VEHICLE MODELLING PARAMETERS .................................................................. 37
2.4.1 Vehicle Attributes .......................................................................... 38
2.4.2 Local Parameters ........................................................................... 51
2.5 VALID TARGET LANES MODEL: DYNAMIC LOOK-AHEAD ............................................... 59
3 TRAFFIC CONTROL MODELLING ................................................................... 65
3.1 TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL .......................................................................... 65
3.1.1 Signal Groups and Phases .................................................................. 65
4 RAMP METERS ......................................................................................... 68
4.1.1 Green Time Metering ...................................................................... 69
4.1.2 Green Time by Lane Metering ............................................................ 69
4.1.3 Flow Metering ............................................................................... 71
4.1.4 Delay Metering .............................................................................. 73
4.1.5 Flow-ALINEA Metering ..................................................................... 74
5 ACTUATED CONTROL ................................................................................ 76
5.1 ACTUATED PARAMETERS ............................................................................ 77
5.2 DETECTORS PARAMETERS ........................................................................... 79
5.3 COORDINATED PARAMETERS ........................................................................ 80
5.4 MULTI-RING CONTROLLER .......................................................................... 80
5.5 ACTUATED CONTROL DEFINITION .................................................................... 81
5.5.1 General parameters ........................................................................ 81
5.5.2 Rings and barriers editing ................................................................. 82
5.5.3 Phases definition ............................................................................ 82
5.5.4 Graphical Phase Diagram .................................................................. 88
6 PRE-EMPTION .......................................................................................... 90
Draft 3
6.1 PRE-EMPTION PARAMETERS ......................................................................... 90
7 GIVE WAY AND STOP SIGNS ......................................................................... 93
7.1 GIVE WAY PRIORITY DEFINITION .................................................................... 94
7.2 STOP LINES FOR TURNINGS WITH A YIELD SIGN ...................................................... 94
8 LEGION FOR AIMSUN ................................................................................. 95
8.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 95
8.2 PEDESTRIAN TYPES.................................................................................. 95
8.2.1 Create new pedestrian types ............................................................. 95
8.2.2 Change pedestrian type settings ......................................................... 96
8.2.3 Choose how pedestrians are visualised ................................................. 98
8.3 PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS ............................................................................. 99
8.3.1 Create a new pedestrian crossing for a node .......................................... 99
8.3.2 Change the length of a pedestrian crossing ........................................... 99
8.3.3 Control pedestrian movement at crossings ............................................ 99
8.3.4 Signal groups ................................................................................ 100
8.4 PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION AREAS ................................................................... 100
8.4.1 Define where pedestrians can go ....................................................... 100
8.4.2 Define where pedestrians cannot go ................................................... 101
8.5 PEDESTRIAN CENTROIDS............................................................................ 109
8.5.1 Create a pedestrian centroid configuration .......................................... 110
8.5.2 Pedestrian entrance centroids .......................................................... 110
8.5.3 Pedestrian exit centroids ................................................................. 111
8.6 ROUTES AND DEMAND .............................................................................. 112
8.6.1 Pedestrian O/D routes .................................................................... 112
8.6.2 Define pedestrian trips with a pedestrian O/D matrix ............................. 119
8.7 PUBLIC TRANSPORT ................................................................................ 121
8.7.1 Public Transport Stops .................................................................... 121
8.7.2 Timetable editing .......................................................................... 123
8.7.3 Vehicle Attributes ......................................................................... 124
8.7.4 O/D matrix editing ........................................................................ 126
8.7.5 O/D route editing .......................................................................... 126
8.8 SIMULATION ....................................................................................... 126
8.8.1 Legion extension activation .............................................................. 127
8.8.1 Automatic build option ................................................................... 130
8.8.2 ORA file ...................................................................................... 131
8.9 LEGION OUTPUTS .................................................................................. 133
8.9.1 Replication outputs ........................................................................ 134
8.9.2 Section outputs ............................................................................. 134
8.9.3 O/D Pair outputs ........................................................................... 135
8.9.4 Service Point outputs ..................................................................... 136
8.9.5 Public Transport Stop outputs ........................................................... 136
8.9.6 Database outputs .......................................................................... 136
8.10 LEGION LICENCE ................................................................................... 139
9 RUNNING THE SIMULATION ....................................................................... 141
9.1 AIMSUN SCENARIO ................................................................................. 141
9.1.1 Main Folder ................................................................................. 142
9.1.2 Output Folder .............................................................................. 143
9.1.3 Aimsun API Folder ......................................................................... 156
9.1.4 Variables Folder ............................................................................ 157
9.1.5 Strategies & Conditions Folder .......................................................... 157
9.1.6 Parameters Folder ......................................................................... 158
9.1.7 Scenario's Context Menu .................................................................. 158
9.2 AIMSUN DYNAMIC EXPERIMENT ..................................................................... 158
9.2.1 Main Folder ................................................................................. 159
9.2.2 Behaviour and Reaction Times folder .................................................. 162
9.2.3 Arrivals Folder .............................................................................. 162
9.2.4 Dynamic Traffic Assignment Folder .................................................... 164
Draft 4
9.2.5 Variables Folder ............................................................................ 166
9.2.6 Policies Folder .............................................................................. 167
9.2.7 Dynamic Experiment's Context Menu ................................................... 167
9.3 AIMSUN REPLICATION .............................................................................. 168
9.3.1 Replication Editor ......................................................................... 169
9.3.2 Replication Context Menu ................................................................ 171
9.4 AIMSUN AVERAGE .................................................................................. 173
9.4.1 Average Context Menu .................................................................... 175
9.5 AIMSUN RESULT ................................................................................... 176
9.6 SIMULATING AN ANIMATED REPLICATION ........................................................... 176
9.7 RECORDING A REPLICATION ........................................................................ 178
9.8 SIMULATING A BATCH REPLICATION ................................................................ 179
9.9 SIMULATING A RESULT ............................................................................. 179
9.10 VARIABLES ......................................................................................... 180
10 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ........................................................................... 182
10.1.1 Strategies.................................................................................... 182
10.1.2 Policies ....................................................................................... 183
10.1.3 Triggers ...................................................................................... 185
10.1.4 Actions ....................................................................................... 186
10.1.5 Authorities .................................................................................. 197
10.1.6 Problems ..................................................................................... 197
10.1.7 VMS ........................................................................................... 197
10.1.8 Traffic Conditions.......................................................................... 198
11 SIMULATION OUTPUTS ............................................................................ 201
11.1 ANIMATED OUTPUTS ............................................................................... 201
11.1.1 Animation of the simulation ............................................................. 201
11.1.2 Simulation Attributes in Objects ....................................................... 202
11.1.3 Default View Styles and Modes in the simulation ................................... 204
11.1.4 Displaying Vehicle Attributes ............................................................ 205
11.1.5 Displaying Simulated Traffic Control .................................................. 209
11.1.6 Space Time Diagram ....................................................................... 214
11.1.7 Analyser Dynamic Label .................................................................. 218
11.2 BATCH OUTPUTS .................................................................................. 220
11.3 GROUPED OUTPUTS ............................................................................... 220
11.3.1 Statistics by Grouping ..................................................................... 220
11.4 VEHICLE DETAILS EXPORTATION ................................................................... 221
11.4.1 FZP Exporter ................................................................................ 221
11.5 TIME SERIES VISUALIZATION ....................................................................... 224
11.5.1 Time Series Comparison .................................................................. 226
11.6 OUTPUT COMPARISON ............................................................................. 227
11.6.1 Hypothesis Test Comparison ............................................................. 228
11.6.2 Regression ................................................................................... 230
11.6.3 Decision Table Comparison ............................................................... 231
11.7 STORING SIMULATION RESULTS USING ODBC ...................................................... 231
11.7.1 Output Location ............................................................................ 232
11.7.2 Creating a Data Source ................................................................... 232
11.8 REVISIONS ......................................................................................... 234
12 DYNAMIC TRAVERSAL GENERATION ............................................................ 236
13 CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF AIMSUN MODELS ....................................... 238
13.1 METHODOLOGY FOR BUILDING SIMULATION MODELS ............................................... 238
13.2 THE VALIDATION PROCESS: BUILDING VALID AND CREDIBLE SIMULATION MODELS .................. 241
13.3 SPECIFICS FOR THE VALIDATION OF TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODELS ................................. 245
13.3.1 Develop a traffic simulation model with high face validity with Aimsun ....... 245
13.3.2 Test the assumptions of the model empirically ...................................... 248
13.3.3 Microsimulator Network Checker ....................................................... 249
13.3.4 Mesosimulator Network Checker ........................................................ 251
Draft 5
13.4 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR MODEL VALIDATION ................................................... 253
13.4.1 Statistical Model Validation in Aimsun objects ...................................... 257
13.5 DETECTION PATTERNS ............................................................................. 261
13.5.1 Overview .................................................................................... 261
13.5.2 Detection Pattern Creation without Detection Pattern Templates .............. 262
13.5.3 Detection Pattern Template ............................................................. 263
13.5.4 Detection Pattern Use .................................................................... 265
14 STATISTICAL SIMULATION RESULTS ............................................................ 266
14.1.1 Statistical Traffic Measures .............................................................. 266
14.1.2 Calculation of Traffic Statistics ......................................................... 272
14.1.3 Network Statistics ......................................................................... 272
14.1.4 Turning and Section Statistics ........................................................... 275
14.1.5 Subpath Statistics .......................................................................... 281
14.1.6 O/D Statistics ............................................................................... 283
14.1.7 Public Transport Statistics ............................................................... 288
14.1.8 Customisation of Statistical Output .................................................... 291
14.1.9 Detection Data Gathering ................................................................ 291
15 APPENDIX 1: DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT ................................................ 294
15.1 NEW IN AIMSUN 8.0 ............................................................................... 294
15.2 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS .................................................................... 294
15.3 FROM STATIC TO DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT ........................................ 295
15.4 ACHIEVING A DYNAMIC USER EQUILIBRIUM ................................................. 296
15.4.1 A heuristic approach in Aimsun ......................................................... 296
15.4.2 Algorithmic approaches for DUE ........................................................ 298
15.4.3 The convergence criterion ............................................................... 301
15.4.4 The computational framework in Aimsun ............................................. 302
15.5 HEURISTIC DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT: ESTIMATION OF PATH FLOW RATES BASED ON DISCRETE
ROUTE CHOICE MODELS ..................................................................................... 304
15.5.1 Path Definition ............................................................................. 305
15.5.2 Path Selection .............................................................................. 323
15.6 DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT: ESTIMATION OF PATH FLOW RATES BASED ON DYNAMIC USER
EQUILIBRIUM ................................................................................................. 351
15.7 START AND CONTINUE A DYNAMIC USER EQUILIBRIUM.............................................. 353
16 APPENDIX 2: MICROSCOPIC SIMULATOR ....................................................... 355
16.1 NEW IN AIMSUN 8.0 ............................................................................... 355
16.2 MICRO SIMULATION PROCESS ...................................................................... 355
16.2.1 Function to determine whether the entrance to the network is possible ...... 357
16.2.2 Virtual Entrance Queues .................................................................. 360
16.2.3 Global modelling parameters - General ............................................... 361
16.2.4 Global modelling parameters - Two-Lane Car-Following ........................... 364
16.2.5 Global modelling parameters - Lane-changing ....................................... 365
16.2.6 Other Global Parameters ................................................................. 365
16.3 MODELLING VEHICLE MOVEMENT .................................................................. 366
16.3.1 Behavioural models ........................................................................ 368
16.4 TRAFFIC INCIDENTS ................................................................................ 391
16.5 SOLID LINES ....................................................................................... 391
16.6 CONNECTIONS AND CONFLICTS FINE TUNING ...................................................... 392
16.6.1 Connections ................................................................................. 392
16.6.2 Conflict ...................................................................................... 393
16.7 EXPERIMENT EDITING .............................................................................. 394
16.7.1 Behaviour Folder ........................................................................... 394
16.7.2 Reaction Time Folder ..................................................................... 395
16.8 PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODELLING ................................................................... 396
16.8.1 Public Transport Vehicle’s Modelling .................................................. 396
16.9 PREFERENCES ...................................................................................... 402
16.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS .......................................................................... 404
16.10.1 Fuel Consumption Model ................................................................. 404
Draft 6
16.10.2 QUARTET Pollution Emission Model .................................................... 407
16.10.3 Panis et al Emission Model ............................................................... 410
16.11 TUNING VEHICLE MODELLING PARAMETERS IN AIMSUN ............................................. 416
16.11.1 Influence of Global Parameters ......................................................... 416
16.11.2 Influence of Section Parameters ........................................................ 417
16.11.3 Influence of Vehicle Parameters ........................................................ 417
16.11.4 On-ramp Calibration ...................................................................... 417
17 APPENDIX 3: MESOSCOPIC SIMULATOR ........................................................ 419
17.1 NEW IN AIMSUN 8 ................................................................................. 419
17.2 SIMULATION PROCESS .............................................................................. 419
17.2.1 Discrete-Event Simulation ................................................................ 419
17.3 NETWORK REPRESENTATION ....................................................................... 421
17.4 TRAFFIC MODELLING ............................................................................... 423
17.4.1 Traffic Demand Data ...................................................................... 423
17.4.2 Vehicle Entrance Process ................................................................. 423
17.4.3 Modelling Vehicle Movement ............................................................ 424
17.4.4 Node Model ................................................................................. 426
17.5 SIMULATION EXAMPLE ............................................................................. 432
17.6 TRAFFIC INCIDENTS ................................................................................ 435
17.7 PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODELLING ................................................................... 436
17.8 DETECTOR EMULATION ............................................................................. 437
17.9 GLOBAL MODELLING PARAMETERS - GENERAL ...................................................... 437
17.9.1 Driver’s reaction time .................................................................... 437
17.9.2 Driver’s reaction time at traffic light ................................................. 438
17.10 EXPERIMENT EDITING .............................................................................. 438
17.10.1 Behaviour Folder ........................................................................... 438
17.10.2 Reaction Time Folder ..................................................................... 438
17.10.3 Random Seeds .............................................................................. 439
18 APPENDIX 4: HYBRID SIMULATOR ............................................................... 441
18.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 441
18.2 EXPERIMENT DEFINITION ........................................................................... 445
18.3 SIMULATION PROCESS .............................................................................. 450
MODEL VEHICLE MOVEMENT .............................................................................. 451
18.4 ........................................................................................................ 451
18.4.1 Meso to Micro ............................................................................... 451
18.4.2 Micro to Meso ............................................................................... 452
18.5 EXPERIMENT EDITING .............................................................................. 453
18.5.1 Behaviour Folder ........................................................................... 453
18.5.2 Reaction Time Folder ..................................................................... 454
19 APPENDIX 5: OUTPUT DATABASE DEFINITION ............................................... 456
19.1 META INFORMATION TABLES ....................................................................... 456
19.1.1 SIM_INFO Table ............................................................................. 456
19.1.2 META_INFO Table .......................................................................... 457
19.1.3 META_SUB_INFO ............................................................................ 457
19.1.4 META_COLS.................................................................................. 458
19.2 INFORMATION TABLES ............................................................................. 458
19.2.1 Example ...................................................................................... 459
19.3 MICROSCOPIC DATABASE ........................................................................... 461
19.4 MESOSCOPIC DATABASE ............................................................................ 477
19.5 HYBRID DATABASE ................................................................................. 488
19.6 DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT .................................................................... 499
20 APPENDIX 6: APA FIXER ........................................................................... 500
20.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 500
20.2 FUNCTIONALITY ................................................................................... 500
20.3 ALLOWED MODIFICATIONS .......................................................................... 500
20.4 ALLOWED SIMULATION TYPES ...................................................................... 501
Draft 7
20.5 USAGE ............................................................................................. 501
20.6 OUTPUT ........................................................................................... 501
21 APPENDIX 7: TRAFFIC ARRIVALS FORMAT FILE .............................................. 502
22 REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 505

Draft 8
Figure 1 Aimsun Environment ........................................................ 19
Figure 2 New Initial State Menu ..................................................... 22
Figure 3 Initial State Editor .......................................................... 22
Figure 4 Storing the Initial State .................................................... 23
Figure 5 Initial State Chooser ........................................................ 23
Figure 6 Entrances to a Section ...................................................... 26
Figure 7 New Traffic Arrivals Menu.................................................. 28
Figure 8 Traffic Arrivals Editor ....................................................... 28
Figure 9 Traffic Arrivals profile ...................................................... 29
Figure 10 Storing the Traffic Arrivals of a dynamic simulation ................. 30
Figure 11 Traffic Arrivals selection in a traffic demand ......................... 30
Figure 12 Exponential Distribution .................................................. 31
Figure 13 Uniform Distribution ....................................................... 32
Figure 14 Normal distribution ........................................................ 33
Figure 15 Trip Generation Comparison ............................................. 34
Figure 16 Normal Distribution ........................................................ 38
Figure 17 ................................................................................ 39
Figure 18 Vehicle Attributes – Dynamic Models folder - Main folder ........... 41
Figure 19 Vehicle Type Editor – Dynamic Models Folder - Experiment Defaults
Subfolder .......................................................................... 42
Figure 20 Vehicle Type Editor – Microscopic Model Folder - Main Subfolder .. 45
Figure 21 2D Shapes Folder ........................................................... 47
Figure 22 3D Shapes Folder ........................................................... 48
Figure 23 Fuel Consumption Folder ................................................. 49
Figure 24 QUARTET Emission Model Folder ........................................ 51
Figure 25 ................................................................................ 52
Figure 26 ................................................................................ 53
Figure 27 Section editor - Lanes folder ............................................. 56
Figure 28 Node editor - Main folder ................................................. 57
Figure 29 Node editor – Main Folder – Dynamic Models folder for a turn ...... 58
Figure 30 Example of network with different turning look-ahead distance ... 60
Figure 31 Visibility Distance of a Section Incident ................................ 61
Figure 32 Visibility Distance of a Reserved Lanes in a section .................. 62
Figure 33 Visibility Distance of a Lane Closure .................................... 62
Figure 34 Visibility Distance of a Turning Closure ................................ 63
Figure 35 Visibility Distance of a Public Transport Stop ......................... 63
Figure 36 Example of a simple intersection, with signal groups ................ 65
Figure 37 Example of rights of way sequence for the junction in .............. 66
Figure 38 Phase modelling for the junction in Figure 37 ......................... 66
Figure 39 Red percentage modelling of the yellow time ........................ 67
Figure 40 Ramp metering layout..................................................... 68
Figure 41 Green Time Metering Editor .............................................. 69
Figure 42 Control Information for a Green Time Metering....................... 69
Figure 43 Green Time by Lane Metering Editor ................................... 70
Figure 44 Control Information for a Green Time by Lane Metering ............ 71
Figure 45 Flow Metering Editor ...................................................... 71
Figure 46 Control information for a Flow Metering ............................... 72
Figure 47 Actual vs theoretic state change ........................................ 73
Figure 48 Setting Delay Metering .................................................... 73
Figure 49 Delay Metering Editor ..................................................... 74
Draft 9
Figure 50 Flow-ALINEA Metering Control Plan Editor ............................. 75
Figure 51 Flow-ALINEA Metering Properties Editor ............................... 75
Figure 52 Allowable Gaps ............................................................. 78
Figure 53 Single Ring Controller ..................................................... 81
Figure 54 Dual Ring Controller ....................................................... 81
Figure 55 Rings and barriers editing ................................................ 82
Figure 56 Actuated control interphase’s dynamic profile ....................... 84
Figure 57 Dialog window for the Basics Phase Definition ........................ 85
Figure 58 Actuated Control Parameters ............................................ 86
Figure 59 Actuated control’s detectors............................................. 88
Figure 60 Graphic phases ............................................................. 89
Figure 61 Bus Pre-emption folder ................................................... 92
Figure 62 Min Duration parameter in Fixed Control .............................. 92
Figure 63 Yield sign for right turn in a junction ................................... 93
Figure 64 Creating a pedestrian type from the Project menu .................. 95
Figure 65 The Pedestrian Types folder ............................................. 96
Figure 66 Pedestrian Type Settings window ....................................... 96
Figure 67 Speed Profile Histogram .................................................. 97
Figure 68 Available 2D shapes ....................................................... 98
Figure 69 Selecting 3D shapes and % of pedestrian type ......................... 98
Figure 70 Pedestrian Crossing Tool .................................................. 99
Figure 71 Pedestrian crossing (drag the point circled in red to change its
length) ............................................................................. 99
Figure 72 Signal Group Editor ....................................................... 100
Figure 73 Pedestrian Area Tool ..................................................... 100
Figure 74 Polyline Obstacle Tool ................................................... 101
Figure 75 Polyline obstacle automatically adjusts to fit geometry ............ 101
Figure 76 Polygon Obstacle Tool .................................................... 101
Figure 77 Polygon obstacle automatically adjusts to fit geometry ............ 102
Figure 78 Layer context menu and Generate Pedestrian Obstacles option .. 102
Figure 79 Layer Obstacle Editor window .......................................... 103
Figure 80 Network with extruded polygons ....................................... 104
Figure 81 Layer Obstacle Editor window with settings .......................... 104
Figure 82 New obstacles are automatically generated .......................... 105
Figure 83 CAD Layer .................................................................. 105
Figure 84 Layer Obstacle Editor window with settings .......................... 106
Figure 85 CAD in red .................................................................. 106
Figure 86 Generate Pedestrian Obstacles option ................................ 107
Figure 87 Pedestrian area obstacles in green ..................................... 108
Figure 88 Generating obstacles for a single network object ................... 108
Figure 89 Node obstacle in brown .................................................. 109
Figure 90 How to create a pedestrian centroid configuration ................. 110
Figure 91 Entrance Centroid Tool .................................................. 110
Figure 92 Entrance centroid in green .............................................. 111
Figure 93 Exit Centroid Tool ........................................................ 111
Figure 94 Exit centroid in red ....................................................... 112
Figure 95 Decision Node Tool ....................................................... 113
Figure 96 Decision nodes in dark blue ............................................. 113
Figure 97 Focal point at centre of decision node ................................ 113
Figure 98 Focal segment in red ..................................................... 114
Draft 10