AIDS in Asia PDF
Preview AIDS in Asia
AAIIDDSS iinn AAssiiaa AIDS in Asia Edited by Yichen Lu, PhD Principal Research Scientist, Harvard AIDS Institute Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts, USA Special Professor, Nankai University TIanjin, China Max Essex, DVM, PhD Chairman, Harvard AIDS Institute Chairman, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Mary Woodard Lasker Professor ofH ealth Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts, USA Managing Editor Ellen Stiefvater, MPP Harvard AIDS Institute Harvard School ofP ublic Health Boston, Massachusetts, USA Springer-Science+ Business - Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data AIDS in Asia / [edited by] Yichen Lu and Max Essex. p.; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. AIDS (Disease)-Asia. 1. Lu, Yichen. n. Essex, Myron. [DNLM: 1. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-epidemiology-Asia. 2. Developing Countries-Asia. 3. HIV Infections-prevention & control-Asia. 4. Population Surveillance-Asia. WC 503.4 lAI A2882 2004] RA643.86.A 78A537 2004 362. 19 6'9792'0095-dc22 2004046116 ISBN 978-1-4419-3452-9 ISBN 978-0-306-48536-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-306-48536-7 © 2004 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2004 springeron1ine.com 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 A c.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Ali rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or othelWise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the book. Permissions for books published in Europe: [email protected] Permissions for books published in the United States of America: [email protected] This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Natth Bhamarapravati of Thailand, who contributed immensely to the fight against lllVI AIDS in his country and the world. Although he did not live to see the publication of this book, he shared his hope with us about making available to other Asian countries the successes and lessons of Thailand in the battle against lllV/AIDS. Contributors Iyanthi Abeyewickreme, MBBS, MSc, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public MD, Dip Ven, Consultant Venereologist, Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Director, National STD/AIDS Control Natth Bhamarapravati, MD, DSc, Programme, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Professor of Pathology, Center for Vaccine Sri Lanka Development, Mahidol University Salaya, Marcus Altfeld, MD, PhD, Assistant Nakhonpathom, Thailand Professor, Harvard Medical School; Partners Deborah L. Birx, MD, Director, US AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Maryland, USA USA Robert C. Bollinger, MD, MPH, Assistant Anthony Amoroso, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Professor of Medicine, Institute of Human Diseases, Department of International Virology, University of Maryland, Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Baltimore, Maryland, USA Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Bai Li-shi, MS, Professor, Heilongjiang Jotika Boonlong, PhD, Chief of Division of Provincial Center for Disease Control and International Affairs, Department of Medical Prevention, Harbin, China Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Kruavon Balachandra, PhD, Principal Investigator, Department of Medical Prudence Borthwick, Regional Project Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Officer, HIVI AIDS, UNICEF East Asia Nonthaburi, Thailand Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand Tony Barnett, MA, PhD, Economic and Arthur E. Brown, MD, MPH, Chief, Social Research Council Professorial Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Fellow, Development Studies Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute, London School of Economics and Bangkok, Thailand Political Science, London, UK Raywadee Butraporn, PhD, Head, Chris Beyrer, MD, MPH, Associate Division of Experimental Animals Research, Research Professor, Departments of Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry Epidemiology and International Health, of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand vii viii CONTRIBUTORS Huyen Cao, MD, Director, California Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Department of Health Services, Richmond, Province, China California, USA Arwind R. Diwan, PhD, Department of Suk-yan Chan, MBA, Deputy Chief Tropical Medicine & Medical Microbiology, Executive, Programs, Hong Kong AIDS John A. Bums School of Medicine, Foundation, Shaukeiwan, Hong Kong University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Donna K. F. Chandler, PhD, Deputy Director, Division of Vaccines and Related Scott Dowell, MD, MPH, Director, Products Applications, Office of Vaccines International Emerging Infections Program, Research and Review, Center for Biologics Thailand Ministry of Public Health-U.S. Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jie Chen, MD, Deputy Director, Guangxi Atlanta, Georgia, USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China Du Yaping, MD, Vice Director, Jingjiang Epidemic Prevention and Health Station, Yi-Ming Arthur Chen, MD, SeD, Professor Jingjiang, Jiangsu Province, China and Director, AIDS Prevention and Research Center, Chainnan, Institute of Public Health, Rebecca J. Garten, PhD Candidate, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Taiwan Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Intira Collins, MSc, Institut de Recherche Maryland, USA pour Ie Developpement 054 Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial Group, Chiang Mai, Antonia Geber, MD, Supervisory Medical Thailand Officer, Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Therese Cvetkovich, MD, Senior Medical Research and Review, Center for Biologics Reviewer, Division of Vaccines and Related Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Administration, Rockville, Maryland, Research and Review, Center for Biologics USA Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA Bruce L. Gilliam, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, Nicholas Daniels, MD, MPH, Associate University of Maryland, Baltimore, Clinical Professor, General Internal Maryland, USA Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Karen L. Goldenthal, MD, Director, Division of Vaccines and Related Products Charles E. Davis, MD, Assistant Professor Applications, Office of Vaccines Research of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation University of Maryland, Baltimore, and Research, Food and Drug Maryland, USA Administration, Rockville, Maryland, Mark S. de Souza, PhD, MPH, Principal USA Scientist, Armed Forces Research Institute Ganesh Gumng, MA, Sociologist and of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand Executive Chair, Nepal Institute of Ding Jian-ping, MD, SID/AIDS Prevention Development Studies, Kathmandu, Section, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Nepal CONTRIBUTORS ix Han Mengjie, MPH, MSc, Assistant June-Myung Kim, MD, PhD, Professor, Director, Office of State Council AIDS Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Committee, Chinese Ministry of Public of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Health, Beijing, China College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Takaichi Hamano, PhD, Researcher, AIDS Chaiyos Kunanusont, MD, MPH, MS, Research Center, National Institute of PhD, HIV/AIDS/STI Advisor, UNFPAlCST Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan for East and South-East Asia, Bangkok, Thailand Takashi Hara, Researcher, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Shenghan Lai, MD, MPH, Associate Disease, Tokyo, Japan Research Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg H.M.S.S.D. Herath, MBBS, FRCP, MRCP, School of Public Health, Baltimore, DTPH, Dill, MFOM, Consultant, National Maryland, USA HIV I AIDS Prevention Project, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka Marc LaUemant, MD, MS, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Mitsuo Honda, MD, PhD, Head, Vaccine USA; Institut de Recherche pour Ie Research and Development Group, AIDS Developpement 054 Perinatal HIV Research Center, National Institute of Prevention Trial, Chiang Mai, Thailand Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Sophie Le Coeur, MD, PhD, Institut Hamamal Jayawardena, MBBS, MSc, National d'Etudes Demographiques, Institut MD, LLM, Consultant HIV/AIDS, World de Recherche pour Ie Developpement 054 Health Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial Group, Paris, Yasuyuki Izumi, Researcher, AIDS France Research Center, National Institute of Jongkoo Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Infectious Disease Control, Korea Center for Gonzague Jourdain, MD, MS, Harvard Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, School of Public Health, Boston, Korea Massachusetts, USA; Institut de Recherche Joo-Shil Lee, PhD, Head, Center for AIDS pour Ie Developpement 054 Perinatal HIV Research, Department of Virology, National Prevention Trial, Chiang Mai, Thailand Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea William H.F. Kam, DMS, MSocSc, Deputy William C. Levine, MD, MSc, Associate Chief Executive, Corporate Affairs, Hong Director, Global AIDS Program-Thailand, Kong AIDS Foundation, Shaukeiwan, Hong Thailand Ministry of Public Health-U.S. Kong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Phyllis J. Kanki, DVM, SD, Professor of Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand; U.S. Immunology and Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Atlanta, Georgia, USA AIDS Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Khanchit Limpakamjanarat, MD, MPH, Stephen G. Karel, MPH, DPH, Former Adjunct Director, International Emerging WHO staff member, Western Pacific Infections Program, Thailand Ministry of Regional Office; Former Executive Director, Public Health-U.S. Centers for Disease Pacific Island Health Officers Association, Control and Prevention Collaboration, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Nonthaburi, Thailand x CONTRIBUTORS Mario Consorcia Lim-Quizon, MD, Kenneth McIntosh, MD, Professor of Project Leader, Infectious Disease Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Surveillance and Control Project, National Professor of Immunology and Infectious Epidemiology Center, Manila, Philippines Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health; Chief Emeritus, Division of Infectious Oi-chu Lin, MA, Chief Executive, Hong Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Kong AIDS Foundation, Shaukeiwan, Hong Boston, Massachusetts, USA Kong John G. McNeil, MD, MPH, HIV Vaccine Xiaojun Lin, MD, MBA, Senior Advanced Development Project, US Military Biomedical Engineer, Eastern Home HIV Research Program, Rockville, Pharmaceuticals, Chengdu, China Maryland, USA; Vaccine Research Center, Liu Kangmai, Professor, National Center National Institute of Allergy and Infectious for STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control, Beijing, Bethesda, Maryland, USA China Shruti H. Mehta, MPH, PhD, Assistant Wei Liu, MD, Director, Guangxi Centers for Research Professor, Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Guangxi Province, China School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Liu Van-Cheng, MD, Professor, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Syed Abdul Mujeeb, MBBS, M Phil, Control and Prevention, Harbin, China Assistant Professor, Blood Bank; In charge, Yichen Lu, PhD, Principal Research HIVI AIDS Surveillance Centre; Jinnah Scientist, Harvard AIDS Institute, Harvard Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, School of Public Health, Boston, Pakistan Massachusetts, USA; Special Professor, Tadashi Nakasone, MD, PhD, Principal Nankai University Vaccine Laboratory, Investigator, AIDS Research Center, Tianjin, China National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fan Lv, PhD, Associate Professor, National Tokyo, Japan Center for AIDS and STD Prevention and Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, PharmD, PhD, Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, and Prevention, Beijing, China Massachusetts, USA; Institut de Recherche Marina Mahathir, President, Malaysian pour Ie Developpement 054 Perinatal AIDS Council, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia HIV Prevention Trial, Chiang Mai, Thailand Timothy D. Mastro, MD, Deputy Director, Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for 'lUng Nguyen, MD, Associate Clinical Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Professor, General Internal Medicine, Georgia, USA University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Kazuhiro Matsuo, PhD, Researcher, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Wiput Phoolcharoen, MD, MPH, Health Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Systems Research Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Francine McCutchan, PhD, Chief, Global Molecular Epidemiology Program, US Pilaipan Puthavathana, PhD, Professor, Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Maryland, USA Bangkok, Thailand CONTRIBUTORS xi Punnee Pitisuttithum, MBBS, DTM&H, Noppom Sittisombut, MD, PhD, Associate FRCPT, Associate Professor, Chief, Professor, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Clinical Infectious Disease Research Unit, Mai, Thailand Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Busarawan Sriwanthana, PhD, Principal Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Investigator, Department of Medical Duanthanorm Promkhatkaew, PhD, Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Principal Investigator, Department of Nonthaburi, Thailand Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Henry Stephens, PhD, Head of Tissue Nonthaburi, Thailand Typing, Institute of Urology and Robert R. Redfield, MD, Director of Nephrology, University College London, Clinical Care and Research, Institute of The Middlesex Hospital, London, Human Virology, University of Maryland, UK Baltimore, Maryland, USA Ruengpung Sutthent, MD, PhD, Professor, Philip O. RenzuUo, PhD, MPH, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Epidemiologist, US Military HIV Research Bangkok, Thailand Program, Rockville, Maryland, USA B. K. Suvedi, MBBS, MPH, Senior Bryan Roberts, D Phil, President, Parallel Medical Officer, Ministry of Health, Solutions, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, Kathmandu, Nepal USA Viroj Thngcharoensathien, MD, PhD, Kiat Ruxrungtham, MD, PhD, Associate Director, International Health Policy Professor, Chulalongkorn University, Program, Health Systems Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Yiming Shao, MD, PhD, Professor, Thailand National Center for AIDS and STD Jordan W. Tappero, MD, MPH, Director, Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Thailand Ministry of Public Health-U.S. Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention China Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand; U.S. Sharaf Ali Shah, MBBS, MSPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Provincial Program Manager, Sindh AIDS Atlanta, Georgia, USA Control Program, Karachi, Pakistan Vallop Thaineua, MD, Permanent Rebecca L. Sheets, PhD, Vaccine Scientific Secretary, Ministry of Public Health, and Regulatory Specialist, Vaccine Research Bangkok, Thailand Center (VRC) and Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National Institutes of Health Visanu Thamlikitkul, MD, Professor of (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Shen Jie, Director, National Center for Thailand STDIA IDS Prevention and Control; Vice Director, Chinese Center for Disease Sombat Thanprasertsuk, MD, MPH, Control, Beijing, China Director, Bureau of AIDS, Thberculosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Thweesap Siraprapasiri, MD, MPH, Department of Disease Control, Ministry Adjunct Director, Thailand Ministry of of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Public Health-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Sodsai Tovanabutra, PhD, Scientist, US Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Thailand Maryland, USA xii CONTRIBUTORS Srikanth P. Tripathy, MBBS, MD, Deputy Naoki Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Director, Director, National AIDS Research Institute, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Pune, India Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Sriram P. Tripathy, MBBS, MD, FAMS, Shudo Yamazaki, MD, PhD, Emeritus Director General (retired), Indian Council of Director, National Institute of Infectious Medical Research (ICMR), Chairman, Diseases, Tokyo, Japan ICMR HIV-TB Special Task Force, Pune, India Yang Haitao, MD, Chief, STD/AIDS Prevention Section, Jiangsu Province Center Julienne M. Vaillancourt, R Ph, MPH, for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Senior Project Manager, Division of Jiangsu Province, China Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Naoto Yoshino, PhD, Researcher, AIDS Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Center, National Institute of Research, Food and Drug Administration, Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Rockville, Maryland, USA Xiao-Fang Yu, MD, D Sc, Associate Bruce D. Walker, MD, Director, Division of Professor, Department of Molecular AIDS, Harvard Medical School; Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Partners Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts of Public Health, Baltimore, General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Maryland, USA USA Xu G. Yu, MD, MSc, Research Fellow, Paijit Warachit, MD, PhD, Inspector Partners AIDS Research Center, General, Ministry of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Nonthaburi, Thailand Massachusetts, USA Alan Whiteside, D Econ, Director, Health Zeng Yi, MD, Chief Scientist, National Economics and HIVI AIDS Research Center for Prevention and Control of STD Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, and AIDS; President, Chinese Foundation Durban, South Africa; Visiting Professor, for Prevention of STD and AIDS; President, School of Tropical Medicine, University of China Preventive Medicine Association, Liverpool, UK; Visiting Fellow, School of Beijing, China Development Studies, University of East Anglia, UK Zhang Fujie, Director, Division of Treatment and Care, National Center for Jane S. Wilson, Dip Ed, PhD, UNAIDS STDI AIDS Prevention and Control, Chinese Country Programme Advisor, Joint United Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, Jakarta, Indonesia Zhang Jiaxi, MD, Vice Secretary General, Wu Yu-Hua, MD, Professor, Heilongjiang China Preventive Medicine Association, Provincial Center for Disease Control and Beijing, China Prevention, Harbin, China Zhao Zhong-hou, MD, Professor, Xu Hua, MD, Secretary General, Chinese Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Foundation for Prevention of STD and Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, AIDS, Beijing, China China
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