AIDS and the historian : proceedings of a conference at the National Institutes of Health, 20-21 March 1989 PDF
Preview AIDS and the historian : proceedings of a conference at the National Institutes of Health, 20-21 March 1989
AIDS and the Historian Proceedings of a Conference at the National Institutes of Health 20-21 March 1989 Edited by Victoria A. Harden and Guenter B. Risse U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service National Institutes of Health NIH Publication No. 91-1584 March 1991 On the Cover The popular California artist, David Lance Goines, created this poster to raise funds for the University of California Student Health Service at Berkeley. Repro¬ duced with permission of the artist. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine Collection. AIDS and the Historian Proceedings of a Conference at the National Institutes of Health 20-21 March 1989 Sponsors: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institute of Dental Research National Library of Medicine DeWitt Stetten, Jr. Museum of Medical Research University of California, San Francisco edited by Victoria A. Harden and Guenter B. Risse U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service National Institutes of Health NIH Publication No. 91-1584 March 1991 Contents Preface Speakers and Participants Workshop 1: Before AIDS: An Overview of Previous U.S. Epidemics to Clarify the Administrative, Scientific, and Social Responses to Mass Disease Introduction Epidemics Before AIDS: A New Research Program Guenter B. Risse Popular and Public Health Responses to Tuberculosis in America after 1870 David F. Musto New York City Epidemics and History for the Public Bert Hansen Commentary Caroline Hannaway Summary of Small Group Discussions Workshop 2: Clinical and Biomedical Research Responses to AIDS Introduction The Biomedical Response to AIDS in Historical Perspective Victoria A. Harden Table of Contents Historical Factors in Federal AIDS Prevention Efforts Sponsored by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Theodore Hammet and Michael Gross 42 Basic Research Related to AIDS Alan N. Schechter 45 Social and Biological Origins of the AIDS Pandemic Bernardino Fantini 52 Commentary Jack Pressman 57 Summary of Small Group Discussions 62 Evening Session Introduction 65 Images of AIDS: The Poster Record William H. Helfand 66 Illustrations 81 Workshop 3: The Response of Government and Society to AIDS Introduction 94 The Contemporary Historiography of AIDS Daniel M. Fox and Elizabeth Fee 95 AIDS and Deceptive Therapies James Ffarvey Young 101 The Social History of the Impact of AIDS in the United Kingdom Virginia Berridge 109 Table of Contents Community-Based Response to AIDS Paul Kawata 116 Commentary Suzanne White 124 Summary of Small Group Discussions 126 Workshop 4: Documenting AIDS History: Preserving the Records of the Scientific, Institutional, and Popular Response to a New Disease Introduction 128 Documentation in the Federal Government for the History of AIDS Peter B. Hirtle 129 The Artifactual Legacy of AIDS Ramunas Kondratas 142 Documenting AIDS: The Role of the University and Other Agencies Nancy W. Zinn 149 Commentary John Parascandola 155 Summary of General Discussion 159 Closing Remarks 160 Preface In May 1988, at the meeting of the American Association for the History of Medicine in New Orleans, a number of people interested in the history of AIDS organized an informal meeting to talk about common concerns. As a result, the AIDS History Group was founded with the goal of promoting coordination and cooperation among those writing about or collecting materials relating to AIDS. Victoria A. Harden of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Guenter B. Risse of the University of California, San Francisco, were elected as Co-Chairs of the group. Two recommendations emerged from this organizational meeting. First was the periodic preparation and circulation of a list of members and their research interests to promote coopera¬ tive efforts and interchange of information. This list is main¬ tained by Dr. Harden and is available upon request. The second recommendation was that a conference be held to evaluate the literature on AIDS, to discuss ways to apply historical standards to that literature, and to suggest research topics through which historians and other scholars might contribute to public debate. Because the founding group of AIDS historians was small, the conference was conceived as a series of programmatic workshops. March 1989 was selected as the date for the conference, and, as word of the meeting spread, people from across the United States and abroad asked to participate. Qearly, there existed a strong current of interest in the history of AIDS throughout the medical and historical communities. Many people who could not attend the conference expressed interest in reading the proceedings; hence, this publication was prepared. The goals of the conference, which was organized into four workshops, were to produce documentary strategies and recom¬ mendations for issues relating to AIDS that could benefit from historical inquiry. Speakers prepared papers to stimulate thinking about ways to approach the history of AIDS, each bringing to the conference unique interests and insights. Their presentations were designed as departure points for discussions in the small groups, from which recommendations have been distilled. The conference organizers would like to acknowledge with gratitude the support of the following institutional sponsors: The 1 Preface National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institute of Dental Research; the National Library of Medicine; the DeWitt Stetten, Jr. Museum of Medical Research at NIH; and the Department of the History of Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco, through a grant from the University of California President’s Research Initiative in the Humanities. The views expressed by conference participants do not necessari¬ ly reflect those of the sponsoring organizations. All AIDS historians are at the beginning of what promises to be an arduous, long, but thorough inquiry into this disease. It is hoped that these proceedings will generate productive discus¬ sion, serving as a catalyst for active involvement in this complex enterprise. n
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